Recycling of municipal solid waste incinerator ash in hot-mix asphalt concrete

This research investigated the use of incinerator ash as a partial replacement of fine aggregate in hot-mix asphalt concrete. Municipal solid waste (MSW) Incinerator ash was obtained from an incinerator facility at Sultan Qaboos University. Physical tests were performed on the incinerator ash to determine its gradation and specific gravity, as well as chemical composition of the leachate from the ash. MSW ash was used in the mixture of hot-mix asphalt with a percentage of up to 40% by total aggregate weight. Optimum mixtures were evaluated for moisture susceptibility and raveling potential. The results indicate the potential use of the MSW ash in asphalt concrete mixtures for surface and base course mixtures with percentages of 15 and 20 ash substitution, respectively.     

Geo-environmental application of municipal solid waste incinerator ash stabilized with cement

The behavior of soluble salts contained in the municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) ash significantly affects the strength development and hardening reaction when stabilized with cement. The present study focuses on the compaction and strength behavior of mixed specimens of cement and MSWI ash. A series of indices such as unconfined compressive strength, split tensile strength, California bearing ratio (CBR) and pH value was examined. Prior to this, the specimens were cured for 7 d, 14 d, and 28 d. The test results depict that the maximum dry density (MDD) decreases and the optimum moisture content (OMC) increases with the addition of cement. The test results also reveal that the cement increases the strength of the mixed specimens. Thus, the combination of MSWI ash and cement can be used as a lightweight filling material in different structures like embankment and road construction.     

锰渣和沸石作为水泥混合材的研究

通过高细粉磨和添加硫酸钠作为激发剂,激发锰渣与沸石的火山灰活性作为水泥混合材使用,利用SEM和压汞等测试方法对复合水泥水化后的微观形貌和孔结构进行了研究。研究结果表明:经激发的锰渣和沸石表现出很高的活性,并且可以明显改善水泥浆体的孔径分布;利用锰渣、粉煤灰和沸石配制P.C 32.5级水泥,混合材总量可以达到50%。     

粉煤灰粒度分布对其胶砂性能的影响

用Malvern MS2000激光粒度仪测定了几种不同细度粉煤灰的粒度分布,以灰色关联方法分析了粉煤灰粒度分布与相应粉煤灰-水泥胶砂力学性能之间的相关性,并分析了不同细度粉煤灰对其胶砂的强度、流动度等技术性能的影响。研究表明:粉煤灰粒度分布明显影响其胶砂力学性能;分布在0～20μm粒径范围内的颗粒对胶砂力学性能有积极贡献,其中,尤以10～20μm的颗粒贡献最大,而大于20μm的颗粒对胶砂力学性能起削弱作用;当比表面积不超过600m2/kg时,增加粉煤灰的细度可以提高胶凝材料体系的流动性;在胶凝材料体系中掺粉煤灰时应使用高效减水剂,且随水胶比的减小,减水剂用量也要增大以满足流动性的要求;掺粉煤灰的胶砂可在减少减水剂掺量的情况下,达到与基准胶砂相同的流动度;随水胶比的降低,胶砂强度呈增高趋势。     

高掺量粉煤灰泡沫砂浆性能研究

通过实验方法,研究了高掺量粉煤灰泡沫砂浆的制备方法,在分析了各组分对砂浆性能影响程度的基础上,结合具体应用提出合理的配合比,并对进一步提高砂浆的强度的方法作了探讨,以指导实践。     

城市垃圾焚烧底渣再生微粉强度特性的实验研究

为实现城市垃圾焚烧底渣的高效再生利用,进行了底渣及其再生微粉的物理、化学性质实验,采用不同比例底渣再生微粉替代水泥进行胶砂强度实验。结果表明：垃圾焚烧底渣再生微粉相比水泥材质更轻、颗粒更小、更均匀;再生微粉中以氧化物形式存在的Si、Al和Ca约占底渣总质量的70%,与水泥的化学成分组成类似,但SiO₂、Al₂O₃含量较高,而CaO含量较低。再生微粉内掺替代水泥的胶砂抗压、抗折强度均随替代比例的增加呈下降趋势;内掺30%时,再生微粉的强度活性指数可达55%以上,说明再生微粉具有一定的凝胶活性。此外,底渣再生微粉的掺加对胶砂早期强度的影响较小,随再生微粉掺量的增加,胶砂强度前期增长速度变慢,后期强度出现较大幅度的降低。     

碱矿渣水泥砂浆抗碳化性能研究

研究了碱当量(以氧化钠当量计)、水胶比和胶砂比对碱矿渣水泥砂浆抗碳化性能的影响,并与硅酸盐水泥砂浆进行了对比试验。结果表明:在相同水胶比条件下,碱矿渣水泥砂浆比硅酸盐水泥砂浆更易碳化,且水胶比越大,胶砂比越小,碳化越严重。在3%～6%范围内,随着碱当量的增加,碱矿渣水泥砂浆的碳化程度减小。扩展度相当时,水玻璃为碱组分的碱矿渣水泥砂浆的抗碳化能力强于硅酸盐水泥砂浆。     

矿渣微粉对水泥砂浆泌水性能影响的研究

采用不同比表面积、不同掺量的矿渣微粉,取代水泥配制水泥砂浆,研究磨细矿渣粉的比表面积、水泥取代率对砂浆泌水性能的影响。研究表明,在本试验条件下,磨细矿渣粉比表面积大于400m 2k/g时,随着比表面积的提高,水泥取代率的增加,砂浆的泌水量减少,和易性增加,水泥砂浆成本降低。     

水泥窑协同处置城市污泥试生产的成效

为消纳城市污泥,利用城市污泥生产水泥熟料,分析城市污泥的化学成分是可行的,试生产结果表明,在2%掺量时对水泥熟料及水泥质量没有影响,水泥窑协同处置城市污泥为"减量化、资源化、无害化"处置城市污泥探索了一条有效途径。     

矿物掺合料对水泥砂浆流动性能的影响

研究了石粉、粉煤灰的复合效应对水泥砂浆流动性能的影响,结果表明,石粉对水泥砂浆起到"分散作用"与"润滑作用",粉煤灰亦对水泥砂浆起到"分散作用",两者均可增强水泥砂浆的流动性,且复掺改善作用更加明显,起到了"叠加作用"。     

Strength and corrosion properties of Portland cement mortar and concrete with mineral admixtures

This work aims to validate the design assumptions by the California Department of Transportation in order to better define the strategies used to design concrete structures with adequate corrosion mitigation and thus a “maintenance-free” service life. To this end, various laboratory tests were conducted to investigate the compressive strength of and chloride diffusivity in mortar and concrete samples with cement partially replaced by various minerals (class F and class N fly ash, ultra-fine fly ash, silica fume, metakaolin, and ground granulated blast-furnace slag), the porosity of mineral concretes, the freeze–thaw resistance of mineral mortars in the presence of deicers, and the effect of supplementary cementitious materials on the chloride binding and chemistry of the pore solution in mortar.     

铜渣对水泥砂浆性能的影响

本文简要介绍了铜渣的研究现状、主要化学组成和岩相特征,综述了铜渣在水泥领域中的应用对水泥砂浆性能的影响。铜渣中含有大量的2Fe O·Si O2和Fe3O4,可以作为吸波材料进行相关研究。铜渣的回收利用可以降低成本,保护环境,节约资源,具有广阔的应用前景和社会经济效应。     

偏高岭土对碱矿渣水泥砂浆干缩性能的影响

研究了偏高岭土对碱矿渣水泥砂浆干缩率的影响。研究表明,在10%~50%(占胶结材总量)范围内时,偏高岭土掺入能有效降低碱矿渣水泥砂浆的干缩率,降低幅度受水玻璃模数、Na2O当量的影响。     

Analysis of the genotoxicity of municipal solid waste incinerator ash.

Combined bottom and fly ash obtained from a Chicago, IL, municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) was extracted with organic solvents, water or acidified water. The mean amounts of organic material isolated from each extraction procedure were 688.2, 91.8 and 167.7 micrograms/g MSWI ash. These extracts were evaluated for toxicity and mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100. We developed and calibrated a micropreincubation assay to evaluate small concentrations of the organic extracts. No direct-acting mutagens were found, however the acid-treated aqueous extracts were toxic. Materials isolated with methylene chloride methanol were mutagenic after hepatic microsomal activation (S9). The mutagenic potencies of the organic extract normalized to a per gram ash basis was the induction of 103.46 revertants in TA98 and 247.5 revertants in TA100. The aqueous extracts were neither toxic nor mutagenic. However, the acid-treated aqueous extract was mutagenic to TA100. The organic material isolated from the acidic extract had an induced mutagenic potency of 44.2 revertants/mg extract. Normalizing these data indicate a mutagenic potency of 7.4 revertants/g MSWI ash leached.     

Studies on the detection of salmonellae in municipal solid waste and incinerator residue

Significant factors in recovering Salmonella organisms from solid waste/sludge mixture, municipal solid waste, and incinerator residue and quench water were sample weight, number of samples, enrichment and subculture media, and incubation temperature. The optimal sample weight was 30 g; the optimal incubation temperature of inoculated enrichment medium, 39.5°C. The two enrichment media, Selenite F and Selenite brilliant green/sulfa, were equally efficient. The plating media were also important; best results were obtained with salmonella/shigella agar. Field studies conducted at four municipal incinerators of different operational design indicated that when enteric pathogens are present in the solid waste they can survive the incineration process.     

利用管沟污泥配制水泥砂浆体安全性能的研究

分别采用GB 5086.2—1997和EPA SW-846(TCLP)2种方法对掺管沟污泥水泥砂浆中的重金属离子毒性进行了测定;同时测定了掺管沟污泥水泥砂浆中有机质和细菌的含量。并与GB 5085.3—1996《危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别》进行比较,试验结果表明将管沟污泥用于混凝土和砂浆中替代部分细集料不会对生态环境造成不良的影响。     

粉煤灰作混合材生产普通硅酸盐水泥

长铝公司热力厂现有八台锅炉,粉煤灰年排放量达24万吨。多年来,粉煤灰都是湿排征地堆放,不仅花费了大量资金,而且污染了环境。为综合利用粉煤灰,公司自1999年开始对热力厂的8＃锅炉进行技术改造,同时建成了热力厂至水泥厂的粉煤灰管道输送系统、水泥厂粉煤灰储库及水泥磨应用干粉煤灰工艺装备系统,于2000年4月开始试车运行。现就我厂应用粉煤灰作水泥混合材生产普通硅酸盐水泥的试验和生产情况作一介绍。     

复掺磷渣、粉煤灰及硅灰的砂浆配合比优化研究

运用均匀设计的方法进行多元掺合料砂浆的配合比设计,对试验结果进行逐步回归分析,得到抗压强度和抗折强度的拟合多项式.研究表明,建立的二次数学模型能够准确地描述掺量与水泥基材料各龄期的抗压强度、抗折强度指标等相互之间的内在规律.对三种矿物掺合料之间的作用机理进行了初步分析.     

掺合料对Alite-CBA-(S)水泥砂浆抗CI-渗透性能的影响

研究了不同矿物掺合料对Alite-cBA(S)水泥砂浆抗Cl-渗透性能的影响.采用XRD和SEM对养护28d砂浆的相组成和微观结构进行了分析和观察,用PoreMaster-60压汞仪对其孔结构进行了分析.结果表明,在Alite-cBA(S)水泥浆体中,加入掺合料可以提高硬化砂浆结构的致密性,进而提高其抗Cl-渗透能力.矿渣、粉煤灰和沸石粉对抗Cl-渗透性能的影响程度为:矿渣＞沸石粉＞粉煤灰.     

利用城市污泥和电厂灰渣制备生态透水烧结砖的研究

以城市污泥和电厂灰渣为主要原料,少量助熔成孔剂为辅助料,制备力学性能和透水性能良好的生态透水烧结砖。通过对不同配比制品的性能研究,确定了原料的最佳配比及合理的工艺方法。试验结果表明,城市污泥30%左右,电厂灰渣53%～54%,助熔成孔剂(C)16%～17%,在1050～1080℃焙烧,可制得抗压强度大于30 MPa、透水系数大于0.01 cm/s的生态透水烧结砖,可广泛用于人行道、广场、停车场、公园、住宅区等。