Behaviour of RC columns strengthened by steel caging under combined bending and axial loads

The steel caging technique is used to strengthen RC columns all over the world, as it has been shown to be effective, economical and easy to apply. Most studies carried out to date on this strengthening technique have focussed on isolated sections of columns subjected to axial loads. This paper deals with an experimental study on the behaviour of RC columns strengthened by steel caging under combined bending and axial loads. Full-size specimens were laboratory tested and the beam–column joint was also simulated. Two different types of element were used to solve the strengthening in the zone nearest to the joint. These were: (1) capitals welded to the steel cage in contact with the beam and (2) steel tubes joining the cage on both sides of the joint. The results obtained show that the technique described considerably increases the resistance and ductility of columns strengthened in this way. The results are compared with those that could be obtained with the proposal of Eurocode No. 4 and also with the results of two other similar studies.     

外套钢管自密实混凝土加固钢筋混凝土圆形截面短柱轴压性能试验研究

提出外套钢管自密实混凝土加固钢筋混凝土柱的复合加固方法。通过11个加固钢筋混凝土圆形截面短柱试件（其中2个为增大截面加固柱试件、9个为复合加固柱试件）和2个未加固钢筋混凝土圆形截面短柱试件的轴压试验,对不同方法加固的钢筋混凝土圆形截面短柱承载力、刚度和延性进行研究,分析加载方式、含钢率、后浇自密实混凝土强度、界面处理方式等因素对复合加固柱轴压性能的影响。试验结果表明：复合加固柱试件的承载力和延性均优于未加固钢筋混凝土圆柱试件和增大截面加固柱试件。仅核心混凝土受压的试件承载力略大于全截面受压的试件;随着含钢率的增大,复合加固柱试件的承载力和延性提高显著;随着后浇自密实混凝土强度的提高,复合加固柱试件的承载力略有提高,但延性有所下降;界面处理方式对复合加固柱试件轴压性能影响不显著。在试验研究的基础上,提出复合加固钢筋混凝土圆形截面短柱的承载力计算式,得出的计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。     

Behaviour of tunnel lining strengthened by textile-reinforced concrete

In this paper, the effectiveness of textile-reinforced concrete (TRC), as a means of increasing the bending resistance of tunnel lining, was experimentally and analytically investigated. The short RC column strengthened by TRC on the side farthest from the axial load was designed to investigate the behaviour of tunnel lining strengthened by TRC. The parameters under study included the loading eccentricities, the number of textile layers and the preload ratio of the short RC columns. The experimental programme was composed of two control RC columns with different eccentricities. Five RC columns which were externally upgraded by TRC sheets were also analysed for their enhanced flexural capacity. Experimental responses of the reinforced concrete members strengthened in bending indicated that TRC substantially enhanced the bending resistance. Specifically, the gain increased with a concurrent increase in both the number of layers and eccentricity. The gain greatly worsened, however, with an increase in the preload ratio. An analytical method considering the non-linear behaviour of the materials was also proposed and validated through the test results. The study was extended analytically to include additional cases of TRC-strengthened specimens with some more parameters, including different concrete and steel types.     

轴力和弯矩共同作用下外包钢混凝土柱的试验研究

在各种加固钢筋混凝土柱的方法中,外包钢被广泛运用在正方形和矩形截面柱中。目前,对外包钢的研究较少,并且大多数是关于轴压柱的研究,没有考虑弯矩作用的影响。给出一系列外包钢加固全尺寸模型的试验数据,对在轴力和弯矩共同作用下梁-柱节点进行模拟。所有试件都采用柱头形式,将外包钢与梁-柱节点用机械锚固或钢杆件连接,以便帮助节点传力。通过试验可知,外包钢能提高钢筋混凝土柱的极限承载力和延性。采用钢杆件连接形式的试件的延性和承载力比采用机械锚固的要高。将试验结果和3种设计建议方法进行比较,并分析彼此间的共同点。     

An experimental study on steel-caged RC columns subjected to axial force and bending moment

Among the different methods of strengthening RC columns, steel caging is one of the most extensively used, for square or rectangular cross-section columns. Few studies have been carried out on steel caging and most of these have focused on axially loaded strengthened columns, without taking the effects of bending moments into account. This paper presents the results of a series of experimental tests on full-scale specimens strengthened with steel caging including simulation of the beam-column joint under combined bending and axial loads. Capitals were applied to all the specimens to connect the caging with the beam-column joint either by chemical anchors or steel bars to improve the transmission of forces. In all the specimens tested it was observed that steel caging increases both the ultimate load and ductility of the strengthened columns. The specimens fitted with steel bars reach higher ductility and strength than those with chemical anchors. The laboratory results were compared with three design proposals and the degree of fit with each one was analysed.     

外包薄壁钢管加固受火后混凝土柱的抗震性能

通过2根未受火钢筋混凝土柱、2根受火后未加固钢筋混凝土柱和10根外包薄壁钢管加固受火后钢筋混凝土柱的拟静力试验,考察了轴压比、剪跨比、钢管厚度及加固方式等参数对外包薄壁钢管加固受火后混凝土柱抗震性能的影响情况,建议了外包薄壁钢管加固受火后混凝土柱受剪承载力的计算公式。结果表明：薄壁钢管加固可显著提高受火后混凝土柱的受剪承载力、极限变形和累计滞回耗能,且加固后试件的割线刚度与未受火试件相比相差较小。受火后剪跨比为1.78和3.0的混凝土柱加固后的承载力分别比相应的未加固柱的承载力提高了41.8%~47.0%和38.5%~74.4%。轴压比对加固后试件的受剪承载力、刚度、耗能能力和延性影响较大,对极限变形影响较小。薄壁钢管厚度对加固后试件的耗能能力影响较大,对受剪承载力影响较小。薄壁钢管根部焊接角钢并用螺栓锚固的方式可提高加固效果。     

使用预拱钢板对矩形预应力混凝土柱进行轴向加固

钢套常用于钢筋混凝土(RC)柱加固。之前的试验研究评估了钢套柱的延性和抗剪性能。然而,实践中常使用预压轴向荷载对RC柱进行加固。尚未对预应力引起的传统柱和新型套管之间的应力滞后效应进行研究。使用一种简单的新型卸载方法,利用预拱钢板提高预应力RC柱的轴向承载力,试验证明该方法能够有效提高RC柱的轴向承载力。提出相应理论模型来计算钢板加固柱的轴向承载力,将模型的预测结果与试验结果相比较,验证了该模型的准确性。     

角钢加固钢筋混凝土柱耐火极限试验研究

外包角钢加固法可有效提高构件承载力且不显著增大构件截面,在实际工程中得到广泛应用。由于构件承受的荷载较原构件提高,加固角钢靠近外部受火面,且角钢外部保护层在高温下极易剥落,导致加固柱的耐火能力较差。本文进行了4根外包角钢加固钢筋混凝土柱的抗火性能试验,获得了构件截面温度场分布、变形-时间曲线、构件破坏模式和耐火极限,考察了荷载比和偏心率对耐火极限的影响。同时,建立了有限元分析模型,对外包角钢加固钢筋混凝土柱的抗火性能进行了模拟。试验结果表明：①环氧树脂在高温下汽化、自燃和碳化,对构件截面温度场影响较大|②砂浆保护层在高温下与钢材粘结较差,剥落严重|③构件的耐火极限随着荷载比和偏心率的增大而减小|④正常使用情况下,未加防火保护的外包角钢加固钢筋混凝土柱耐火能力达不到规范所要求的耐火极限。有限元分析结果与试验结果基本吻合,可用于进一步的参数分析。     

后置钢管式钢筋混凝土柱轴压性能的监测与分析

后置钢管式钢筋混凝土柱是一种新型的加固方法,是在外包钢方法、套管约束混凝土方法以及钢管混凝土叠合柱的基础上提出的.采用后置钢管式钢筋混凝土柱对既有钢筋混凝土柱进行加固,是在原有钢筋混凝土柱四周凿出一部分混凝土形成空腔,外包钢板,二者之间的空腔灌浆形成钢管混凝土组合结构,且不改变原有柱的尺寸.在加固施工现场对后置式钢管混...     

受火后加固钢筋混凝土偏压格构柱受力性能试验研究

为研究受火后加固钢筋混凝土格构柱的受力性能,通过5根钢筋混凝土格构柱的偏心受压试验,分析了受火时间和填实加固对钢筋混凝土格构柱的破坏形态和承载力的影响.基于条带法提出了受火后未加固及受火后加固修复格构柱的受压承载力计算方法.结果表明:未受火对比格构柱和受火后未加固格构柱均发生柱肢混凝土压溃破坏,受火后填实加固格构柱发生...     

外套钢管混凝土加固RC柱技术研究进展

外套钢管混凝土加固法兼具了增大截面加固法和外包(粘)钢加固法的优点,并利用钢管混凝土组合结构的优良受力特性,可显著改善结构柱的受力性能。近年来,该加固方法得到了大量研究,且该技术在实际工程中亦有诸多应用,表现出了很好的使用前景。为更好地促进该加固技术的理论研究与工程应用,对近年来有关外套钢管混凝土加固RC短柱的轴压、偏压和抗震性能及相应复合加固中长柱轴压性能的研究进展进行综述,分析已有的研究成果,并对后续的研究方向给出建议。研究表明:该复合加固法可以大幅提高被加固RC柱在各种受力工况下的承载力和刚度,并能显著改善其延性;但有关外套钢管混凝土加固柱的力学性能和设计方法等有待深入研究,应进一步通过试验和数值模拟等手段,研究截面形状、二次受力、原柱受损、加固材料和界面等因素对复合加固柱受力性能的影响;加固材料的设计强度取值、加固柱长期力学性能和外套钢管混凝土加固柱的抗震设计方法等应是理论研究及工程应用的关注重点。     

Seismic behavior and strength of square tube confined reinforced-concrete (STRC) columns

A steel tube confined reinforced-concrete (STRC) column is an ordinary RC column where most of the lateral ties are in the form of a thin steel tube. Twenty-three square tube confined concrete stub columns were tested in this paper under cyclic or monotonic axial compression. A design equation to calculate the axial load strength of square tube confined concrete stub columns is proposed in this paper. A total of five beam-columns have been studied under combined axial compression and lateral cyclic loads. The test results indicate that the columns confined with square steel tubes exhibit much higher flexural strength, displacement ductility, and energy dissipation ability than common RC columns confined with lateral ties. Fiber models were also developed for STRC beam-columns in this paper.     

钢管高性能混凝土柱抗震性能试验研究

对 4个钢管高性能混凝土柱和 2个钢筋高性能混凝土柱进行了抗震试验。试验发现 ,钢管径厚比和支座约束等是钢管高性能混凝土柱抗震性能的主要影响因素 ,特别是对钢管高性能混凝土柱的滞回特性、位移延性和极限相对位移的影响明显 ;钢管内埋并配置一定数量的抗剪钢筋是一种有效的支座嵌固 ;在柱截面尺寸及用钢量相同的条件下 ,钢管高性能混凝土柱的抗震性能比钢筋高性能混凝土柱好得多     

圆形钢套管加固钢筋混凝土短柱轴心受压试验研究

为了研究圆形钢套管加固钢筋混凝土柱的轴心受压承载力,进行了1根未加固的普通钢筋混凝土柱和3根圆形钢套管加固钢筋混凝土短柱在不同加固钢套管厚度下的轴心受压试验。试验结果表明：加固试件的强度和延性由于钢套管的约束均得到成倍的提高,并且随着圆形钢套管管壁的增厚,试件的承载力增大,延性变好。     

Numerical simulation on seismic retrofitting performance of reinforced concrete columns strengthened with fibre reinforced polymer sheets

This paper evaluates the seismic performance of reinforced concrete columns retrofitted with fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets through numerical simulations of the load–deformation response using two-dimensional finite element analysis (2D-FEA). The relatively rational mesh configuration is verified through comparison of analysis results obtained from the different mesh configurations. The seismic performance of three reinforced concrete (RC) columns strengthened with FRP sheets is assessed through a series of parametric studies, and the applicability of existing crack models and constitutive relationships on crack discontinuity and concrete compressive behaviour are validated. Comparisons of analysis results with tests shows that an equivalent uniaxial strain model and a failure criterion can be used to accurately simulate nonlinear behaviour and the failure of concrete under a biaxial stress state, respectively. Moreover, it is shown that a modified confinement model can be simply adopted to evaluate confined effects from hoop steel and FRP on concrete, which generally operate in three-dimensional confinement. Lastly, the seismic retrofitting performance of RC columns wrapped with FRP sheets is verified by analysing load–deformation responses and the progression of stress–strain at inflection points and bottoms of the columns.     

Experimental behaviour of steel fiber high strength reinforced concrete and composite columns

This paper presents experimental behaviour of eccentrically loaded plain and steel fiber high strength reinforced concrete and concrete-encased composite columns. In the experimental study, a total of 32 square section both reinforced concrete and composite column specimens were fabricated at 0, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0% volume fractions of steel fiber contents to examine the effects of steel fibers on column behaviour. Besides this, the composite columns were constructed and tested using almost the same conditions with reinforced concrete columns to investigate the column experimental behaviour. The complete load−deflection behaviour and strength of column specimens were obtained and the results were discussed in the study. In addition, the column specimens were analysed based on a theoretical method considering the nonlinear behaviour of the materials. The presented experimental study indicates that the inclusion of steel fibers in the range 0.75 to 1.0% volume fraction improves confinement and ductility features of high strength reinforced concrete and composite columns significantly.     

大连市体育馆钢管约束钢筋混凝土短柱设计

钢管约束钢筋混凝土柱就是在普通钢筋混凝土柱外设置薄壁钢管,钢管在梁柱节点区断开,不直接承担纵向荷载,只对核心混凝土起约束作用。由于钢管不通过梁柱节点区,因此钢管约束钢筋混凝土柱与钢筋混凝土梁连接方便;且钢管约束钢筋混凝土柱承载力高,抗震性能优越,是一种具有广泛应用前途的新型组合结构形式。钢管约束钢筋混凝土柱在大连市体育馆工程中的应用,解决了钢筋混凝土超短柱抗震性能差的问题;且钢管约束钢筋混凝土柱的用钢量低,施工方便,经济效益和综合效益显著。     

不同尺寸钢筋混凝土短柱高温后抗震性能分析

为了研究不同尺寸钢筋混凝土短柱在高温和地震耦合作用下的力学行为,建立了火灾高温后钢筋混凝土(RC)短柱抗震性能研究的三维数值模型,对12个几何形状相似、尺寸大小不同的RC柱进行不同受火时间后的水平反复加载试验.在验证模型有效性的基础上,研究了受火时间和截面尺寸对RC柱温度场分布、破坏模式、低周反复荷载下的骨架曲线、位移...     

预应力碳纤维布加固混凝土方形截面短柱轴心受压试验

为了研究预应力碳纤维(CFRP)布加固混凝土方形截面短柱轴心受压力学性能,根据配筋率的不同设计了3组共计12根混凝土方形截面短柱,每组包括3根预应力CFRP布加固的混凝土柱和1根普通混凝土柱。通过静载试验获得了各试件受压极限承载力、位移和预应力CFRP布应力增量等试验数据,得到了荷载作用下试件变形曲线及破坏形态,分析了预应力CFRP布应力水平和纵筋配筋率对混凝土方形截面短柱加固后的力学性能的影响。研究结果表明:采用预应力CFRP布约束混凝土柱一方面能够限制混凝土横向变形,使柱中混凝土从加固时刻起即受到环向应力,提高了混凝土极限压应变,从而显著提高柱的极限承载力,承载力提高幅度在60%以上;另一方面,由于受压柱的延性与截面配筋率有关,加固柱配筋率较低时,延性较好;反之则延性较差。     

外包薄壁钢管加固受火后混凝土柱偏压性能

为研究采用外包薄壁钢管、内灌自流平微膨胀灌浆料约束加固受火后钢筋混凝土柱的偏压性能,进行了2根未受火混凝土柱、2根受火后混凝土柱和6根受火后再加固的混凝土柱的受压试验研究,分析了不同荷载偏心率对外包薄壁钢管加固受火后钢筋混凝土柱偏压承载性能的影响规律。考虑外包薄壁钢管的约束效应和高温对混凝土损伤影响,给出了外包薄壁钢管加固受火后混凝土柱偏压承载力的简化计算方法。结果表明:荷载偏心率为0、0.87的混凝土柱受火90 min后,其极限荷载分别降低了30.3%、47.4%;外包薄壁钢管对受火后混凝土轴压柱的加固效果较好,对偏压柱的加固效果略有降低,受火后荷载偏心率为0、0.87混凝土柱经加固后极限荷载分别比对应的未受火混凝土柱提高2%、降低4.7%;外包薄壁钢管加固可显著提高混凝土柱的延性;当荷载偏心率不超过1.07时,加固后试件的极限荷载随荷载偏心率的增加近似呈线性降低;提出的外包薄壁钢管加固受火后混凝土柱偏压承载力的简化计算方法,其计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。