基于案例推理技术在刑法定罪量刑系统设计中的应用

1.引言 基于案例推理技术近些年来在AI的ES领域中比较活跃,部分原因在于人们对人工智能、专家系统的反思与再认识.AI的研究初期,人们希望能够为AI寻求一种唯一的理论基础.实践证明,不存在那样一个理论基础能够将人的思维行为完全形式化地表示出来,如同人类的思维不存在一个死板的理论或模式.这种理论方法上的缺陷表现在ES的脆弱性及搜索技术中的组合爆炸等.因此,ES中必须采取多种推理技术,互相协调,才能构成比较成功的应用专家系统.     

Conversational Case-Based Reasoning

Conversational case-based reasoning (CCBR) was the first widespread commercially successful form of case-based reasoning. Historically, commercial CCBR tools conducted constrained human-user dialogues and targeted customer support tasks. Due to their simple implementation of CBR technology, these tools were almost ignored by the research community (until recently), even though their use introduced many interesting applied research issues. We detail our progress on addressing three of these issues: simplifying case authoring, dialogue inferencing, and interactive planning. We describe evaluations of our approaches on these issues in the context of NaCoDAE and HICAP, our CCBR tools. In summary, we highlight important CCBR problems, evaluate approaches for solving them, and suggest alternatives to be considered for future research.     

基于案例推理的研究综述

该文对人工智能领域的一个分支——基于案例的推理技术做了简要概述,包括CBR的原理和组成。评述了CBR近年来的理论发展和应用发展。并对未来发展方向做出了预测。     

基于实例推理的电子工艺规划

本文针对PCB检修工艺中存在的效率低下、标准不统一的问题,提出了一种基于实例推理的工艺规划。在阐述基于实例推理基本原理的基础上,构造了一种推理模型,并讨论了实例匹配算法。实际应用表明,这种设计方案有效地提高了PCB检修工艺的设计效率。     

Naive—Bayes模型及其在范例推理中的应用

简单贝叶斯模型能够很好地综合先验信息和样本信息。探讨了利用简单贝叶斯模型进行范例推理的可行性,并提出了对范例进行分类和学习的算法。实验结果表明,系统的分类准确度及其学习速度都较高,该方法有效可行。     

Case-Based Reasoning in Conceptual Design

The framework for supporting conceptual design using case-based reasoning is studied. Adesign knowledge representation scheme is presented. It is capable of representing both generalized and specific design knowledge. A two-phase case retrieval strategy, called index elaboration, is described which supports both requirement-function transformation and function-feature transformation at conceptual design stage. We propose a prototype system and discuss in detail the realization of supporting conceptual design by CBR.     

基于案例推理的入侵检测关联分析研究

针对基于规则和模型的入侵检测专家系统中难以建立和表达入侵检测规则的问题,利用基于案例推理(CBR)方法对知识要求的低依赖性,将它引入入侵检测(ID)领域,提出了基于案例推理的入侵检测关联分析(CBRIDRA)模型的框架,研究了系统各功能模块,并对其中攻击案例定义、攻击案例检索、攻击案例管理、专家知识系统等关键技术的解决思路和实现方法进行了讨论。     

基于实例的多推理机合作变型设计系统

产品变型设计的基本思想就是通过改进已有的系列产品或模块来适应新的设计需求.针对变型设计的基本特点,提出了以基于实例的推理为基础,综合运用规则推理和约束满足方法来完成产品的变型设计活动.结合所开发的“细纱机模块化变型设计系统”,从知识表达模式、推理流程等方面详细讨论了以基于实例的推理为核心方法的多推理机合作变型设计系统的实现.     

基于范例和规则相结合的推理技术

机器学习人员多年来提出诸多机器学习的混合体系结构，以改进机器学习的性能。本文着重提出一个基于范例推理与规则推理相结合的推理技术，以及一个范例库划分算法，其目的是充分发挥两种推理的优势，提高问题求解的效率。最后给出了一些测试结果和相关的结论。     

基于实例推理的模具设计技术研究

模具设计需要大量借鉴以往的设计方案。对设计经验的合理组织和重用可以缩短模具设计周期,提高模具设计效率。文章介绍了一种基于实例推理技术的模具设计方法:通过状态空间法表示了设计实例;阐述了基于相似度理论的最近邻居算法检索策略,能够对实例库中的实例进行检索。并以凸模零件为例对所讲述的方法及技术进行了说明,结果表明实例推理技术的应用可以提高模具的设计效率。     

集成案例推理综述

本文总结和分析了近几年集成案例推理研究的新进展。在案例推理和智能方法集成方面,本文分析了案例推理与智能方法集成的原因,归纳了所应用的集成模型的类别,总结了案例推理与智能方法集成的优势;在案例推理和智能技术集成方面,本文分析了案例推理与智能技术集成的原因,介绍了智能技术在案例表示、案例库构建、案例检索和案例适配中的集成应用,指出了案例推理与智能技术集成的优势。最后,本文展望了集成案例推理未来发展的趋势。     

Naive-Bayes模型及其在范例推理中的应用

简单贝叶斯模型能够很好地综合先验信息和样本信息.探讨了利用简单贝叶斯模型进行范例推理的可行性,并提出了对范例进行分类和学习的算法.实验结果表明,系统的分类准确度及其学习速度都较高,该方法有效可行.     

An Exception Handling of Rule-Based Reasoning Using Case-Based Reasoning

In this paper, we propose the CCAR (Combining Case-based And Rule-based reasoning) model for an exception handling of Rule-based Reasoning using Case-based Reasoning. The central idea of the model proposed in this paper is to represent the exception of a rule as a case, and to utilize the case for a solution to a problem, and then to search the case memory to retrieve a case which violates the conclusion of a rule. If the similarity between a target problem and the selected case is high, the conclusion of a case is applied. Otherwise, the conclusion of rule-based reasoning is applied.     

Understanding Similarity: A Joint Project for Psychology, Case-Based Reasoning, and Law

Case-based Reasoning (CBR) began as a theory of human cognition, but has attracted relatively little direct experimental or theoretical investigation in psychology. However, psychologists have developed a range of instance-based theories of cognition and have extensively studied how similarity to past cases can guide categorization of new cases. This paper considers the relation between CBR and psychological research, focussing on similarity in human and artificial case-based reasoning in law. We argue that CBR, psychology and legal theory have complementary contributions to understanding similarity, and describe what each offers. This allows us to establish criteria for assessing existing CBR systems in law and to establish what we consider to be the crucial goals for further research on similarity, both from a psychological and a CBR perspective.     

范例推理中的知识发现技术

范例推理中有许多相关的知识 ,相应地有知识获取过程 ,其中也存在一定程度的知识获取瓶颈问题 .本文着重探讨在范例推理系统中引入一系列可以使用的知识发现技术 ,以期提高范例推理系统的知识获取的自动化程度 ;本文针对提出的两类算法 ,进行了实验与讨论     

基于案例推理的故障诊断算法

电力系统智能告警研究目前主要集中于规则推理领域,未能充分利用系统内历史故障的案例进行有效的分析与故障处理.本文初步研究了基于案例推理的故障诊断算法,在此基础上提出了一种基于向量计算的案例匹配算法.该算法通过对故障信息进行抽象,并与系统案例库中的案例进行相似度计算的方式,对故障信息与案例信息进行一一匹配.案例库的建立基于经过人工分析的各类历史故障信息.相似案例的故障性质、故障原因分析可对本次故障的分析、诊断和后续处理起到指导作用.