减水剂对新拌水泥浆体流变性能的影响研究

采用Haake流变仪研究了LS、FDN、SMF和ASP四种减水剂对新拌水泥浆流变性以及流变性经时变化的影响.结果表明,新拌水泥浆无论掺加减水剂与否,均属于假塑性流体,可用宾汉模型描述.减水剂的掺入明显降低了水泥浆的屈服应力,而对塑性粘度影响不大.当水灰比为0.32时,掺0.4%ASP水泥浆的屈服应力仅为6.64 Pa,而掺等量LS水泥浆的屈服应力较大,为16.28Pa.水泥浆流变性经时变化可分为三个阶段:剪切稀化阶段、剪切应力恒定阶段和剪切变稠阶段.剪切条件下减水剂的掺入有利于水泥浆流动性的保持.在相同条件下,LS对水泥浆流动性的保持能力较优、其次为ASP.     

The influence of different curing conditions onthe pore structure and related properties of fly-ash cement pastes and mortars

The influence of two different curing conditions (in water at 27°C, and in air at 15°C and 60% relative humidity) on the mechanical and durability properties of fly-ash cement pastes and mortars are studied. Cement pastes and mortars at two water/cement or binder ratios were prepared in the laboratory and tested for compressive strength, chloride and water penetration. The mercury intrusion porosity of the samples is monitored to provide mechanistic explanations for the measured results. The results show that fly ash has significantly different influence on the strength, porosity and durability parameters of cement pastes and mortars when the cementitious materials are subjected to different curing conditions.     

Effect of micro-silica loading on the mechanical and acoustic properties of cement pastes

This study aimed at investigating the role of ultra fine sand (UFS) in enhancing the mechanical and acoustic properties of cementitious pastes. The microstructural origin of these properties was also identified and compared to the conventional materials. The maximum particle size of the UFS used was 100 μm (100% passing) while 50% of the UFS had less than 20 μm in diameter. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was partially substituted by UFS at 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% by weight of binder. The blended compounds were prepared using the standard water of consistency. Test samples with dimension of 20 × 20 × 20 mm and 40 × 40 × 160 mm were cast for compression and bending strengths tests, respectively. Circular samples with diameters of about 100 and 29 mm and average thickness of about 30 mm were used for sound absorption tests. All samples were kept in molds for 24 h, and then de-molded and allowed to cure in water for 28 days. The specimens were dried at a temperature of 105 °C for 24 h in an oven before testing. It was found that as the loading of UFS increases both the compressive and bending strength increase up to about 5% UFS loading, then a decrease in these properties was observed. This can be attributed to the pozzolanic effect of UFS resulting in enhancing the chemical reaction between free lime in cement and silica producing more hydration products that makes the paste more homogeneous and dense. In addition, the dispersed UFS has improved the filling effect allowing denser packing of the paste. These dense microstructural features were captured by scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination of the 5% UFS modified compound. The results also showed that, the sound absorption and noise reduction coefficient (NRC) for modified cement paste decreases with the increase of UFS up to 5% and this may be due to the decrease in porosity. However, the NRC began to increase at UFS loadings of 7.5% and 10% due to the increase in the porosity of the compounds.     

Physical and mechanical properties of mortars without cement

In this study, production of mortars with disposable polyethylene bottles, but without cement, was investigated. The disposable polyethylene bottles were crushed and converted into fiber formation. Then fibers were molten with different types of sands at the temperature range of 180-200 °C. Some physical (e.g. water absorption and abrasion resistance) and some mechanical (e.g. bending strength, compressive strength, toughness) properties of mortars were tested. The results indicated that bending strength and toughness of mortars were improved. Besides, water absorption of mortar was negligible and abrasion was nearly equal to zero.     

Effect of copper slag as a fine aggregate on the properties of cement mortars and concrete

An experimental investigation was conducted to study the effect of using copper slag as a fine aggregate on the properties of cement mortars and concrete. Various mortar and concrete mixtures were prepared with different proportions of copper slag ranging from 0% (for the control mixture) to 100% as fine aggregates replacement. Cement mortar mixtures were evaluated for compressive strength, whereas concrete mixtures were evaluated for workability, density, compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and durability. The results obtained for cement mortars revealed that all mixtures with different copper slag proportions yielded comparable or higher compressive strength than that of the control mixture. Also, there was more than 70% improvement in the compressive strength of mortars with 50% copper slag substitution in comparison with the control mixture. The results obtained for concrete indicated that there is a slight increase in density of nearly 5% as copper slag content increases, whereas the workability increased significantly as copper slag percentage increased compared with the control mixture. A substitution of up to 40–50% copper slag as a sand replacement yielded comparable strength to that of the control mixture. However, addition of more copper slag resulted in strength reduction due to the increase in the free water content in the mix. Also, the results demonstrated that surface water absorption decreased as copper slag content increases up to 50% replacement. Beyond that, the absorption rate increased rapidly and the percentage volume of the permeable voids was comparable to the control mixture. Therefore, it is recommended that up to 40–50% (by weight of sand) of copper slag can be used as a replacement for fine aggregates in order to obtain a concrete with good strength and durability requirements.     

Admixtures effect on fresh state properties of aerial lime based mortars

Especially in rehabilitation works, the use of lime based mortars have been increasing due to the need of compatibility between the old and the new materials. The mortars fresh state properties are extremely important since determines the material workability and also have a great influence on its hardened state characteristics.In this work, the fresh state properties of aerial lime pastes and aerial lime based mortars were investigated. The torque variation with time and the mortar rheological parameters (relative yield stress and plastic viscosity) were obtained using a rheometer suitable for mortars. The correlation of rheological data with slump and relative density measurements was studied.The mortars workability is affected by several parameters, namely, the binder/aggregate and water/binder ratios, the kneading water content, the admixtures type and amount. The admixtures influence (type and amount) on the fresh state properties of aerial lime based mortars are discussed. The used admixtures were the most common ones for several mortars, such as a water-retaining agent, a plasticizer and an air-entraining agent.     

Microstructure and properties of cement mortars containing organo-modified reservoir sludge

Reservoir sludge can be organo-modified by a cation-exchange reaction and then employed as a substitute for a portion of fine aggregates in cement mortars. The chemical structure and properties of organo-modified reservoir sludge (OMRS) were first analyzed by conducting a series of TGA, FTIR, EDS and XRD measurements. The microstructures of cement mortars containing different amounts of OMRS particles were then characterized by using MIP, EDS and a water contact angle goniometer. In addition, the effects of OMRS particles on the compressive strength and permeability of cement mortars were evaluated. Experimental results indicate that the hydrophobic OMRS particles randomly distributed in cement mortars contribute to the decrease in capillary porosity and the increase in water diffusion barriers. As a result, an adequate dosage of OMRS particles to give a higher compressive strength and a lower permeability ratio for cement mortars is proposed here.     

复掺激发剂对无水泥砂浆性能的影响

为了改善无水泥砂浆水化过程中的碱性环境,进一步提高砂浆的力学性能,试验通过控制激发剂总量,并改变激发剂组合中各组分的掺量比例来研究其对无水泥砂浆性能的影响,试验结果表明:完全采用粉煤灰、高炉矿渣及生石灰作为胶凝材料的无水泥砂浆的表观密度值均大于OPC;不同龄期未掺入激发剂的N0S0K0组强度值均明显低于OPC,而N7.5S0K0,N5S0K2.5及N2.5S0K5三种组合的无水泥砂浆强度值均与OPC相当,甚至高于OPC。     

甘蔗糖蜜对水泥缓凝和减水的性能研究

甘蔗废糖蜜对水泥同时具有缓凝和减水作用.采用酒精凝聚法分离废糖蜜得到胶体和非胶体组份:从水泥水化热、表面张力以及吸附性能阐述了其对水泥减水和缓凝的原因.结果表明,糖蜜中的胶体组份主要起分散作用,而非胶体组份主要起缓凝作用.     

Effect of temperature on porosity and on chloride diffusion in cement pastes

This paper is related to the effect of temperature upon the diffusive properties and the microstructural features of cementitious materials. Our experimental studies aim at linking the transport properties to the porosity and the cracks network of the microstructure.

The studied materials were three cement pastes having different water to cement (W/C) ratios (W/C = 0.35, 0.45 and 0.60). Rise of temperature in concrete structures was simulated by heating at different temperatures (45 °C, 80 °C and 105 °C). Evolution of microstructure was essentially characterized by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). Diffusion tests in non-steady-state regime were carried out in order to characterize the diffusive properties. Apparent diffusion coefficients were determined from colorimetric method to follow the ingress of chloride and an analytical solution of Fick’s second law.

Our results showed that rise of temperature induced macroscopic cracking network and modification of pore size distribution. As a consequence, the transport properties were modified by thermal treatment. These modifications were mostly explained by the increase of capillary porosity.     

Effect of fineness of ash on pozzolanic properties and acid resistance of sugarcane bagasse ash replaced cement mortars

This paper addresses the potential use of Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash (SCBA) as a pozzolanic material for partial cement replacement in concrete mixtures. Cement mortars containing SCBA having five different particle size distributions at a replacement rate of 20% by weight were used to study the chemical and physical pozzolanic properties of SCBA. The durability of SCBA replaced mortars was also evaluated. SCBA with 0% retained on sieve No. 325 was used to replace 20% by weight of cement and create mortar specimens that were subjected to sulfuric acid attack of varying concentrations (1%−3% by weight of water). The tested samples were observed to check visual distortion, mass loss, and compressive strength loss at 1, 7, 14, 28, and 56 d of acidic exposure, and the results were compared to those for the control sample, that was lime water cured, at the same ages. The SCBA sets were found to meet the requirements for pozzolan class N specified by ASTM C 618. Mortars containing SCBA with 0% or 15% retention produced better compressive strength than the control mortars after 28 d. Additionally, X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the SCBA had favorable chemical properties for a pozzolanic material. Furthermore, SCBA replaced samples at all ages showed improved resistance against acidic attack relative to that of the control mortars. Maximum deterioration was seen for 3% concentrated solution. This study’s findings demonstrated that SCBA with an appropriate fineness could be used as a pozzolanic material, consistently with ASTM C 618.     

Effect of slag on the rheology of fresh self-compacted concrete

The building industry is turning increasingly to the use of self-compacting concrete (SCC) in order to improve many aspects of building construction as SCC offers several advantages in technical, economic, and environmental terms. Fresh self-compacting concrete (SCC) flows into place and around obstructions under its own weight to fill the formwork completely and self-compact without any segregation and blocking. SCC mixes generally have a much higher content of fine fillers. The use of supplementary cementitious materials is well accepted because of the improvement in concrete properties and also for environmental and economical reasons. The present paper is an effort to quantify the influence of Algerian slag on the properties of fresh and hardened self-compacting concrete. The workability-related fresh properties of SCC were observed through slump flow time and diameter, V-Funnel flow time, J-Ring test, U-Box filling height and GTM sieve stability test. The only hardened property that was included in this study was the compressive strength. An optimum slag content of 15% seems to give a good SCC mixture with workability retention of about 60 min. A decrease in compressive strength with increase of slag content was obtained, but this decrease in compressive strength is less important at late ages (56 and 90 days after mixing).     

Effect of water/cement ratio on the fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete

The use of self-compacting concrete (SCC) with its improving production techniques is increasing every day in concrete production. However, mix design methods and testing procedures are still developing. Mix design criterions are mostly focused on the type and mixture proportions of the constituents. Adjustment of the water/cement ratio and superplasticizer dosage is one of the main key properties in proportioning of SCC mixtures. In this study, five mixtures with different combinations of water/cement ratio and superplasticizer dosage levels were investigated. Several tests such as slump flow, V-funnel, L-box were carried out to determine optimum parameters for the self-compactibility of mixtures. Compressive strength development, modulus of elasticity and splitting tensile strength of mixtures were also studied.     

Basic properties of epoxy cement mortars without hardener after outdoor exposure

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the properties of epoxy cement mortars without a hardener after outdoor exposure for a year. The epoxy cement mortars with and without a hardener were prepared for various polymer cement ratios, and tested for their weight change, flexural and compressive strengths, water absorption, carbonation depth and pore size distribution. Especially, the basic properties of the epoxy cement mortars without a hardener were compared with those of epoxy cement mortars with a hardener and those of ordinary cement mortar. The test results showed the successful production of the epoxy cement mortars without any hardener, which gave better strength and durability than ones with a hardener. Polymer–cement ratios of 5–10% for strengths and less than 20% for durability are recommended for optimum mix proportions of epoxy cement mortars without a hardener.     

Development of blended cement mortars with acoustic properties using petroleum coke

Noise is becoming one of most important pollutants, especially in towns. Indeed, the European Community recognizes the environmental noise as one of the most important environmental problems in Europe. Therefore, there are real demands, increasing in the near future, of acoustic absorbent materials. Taking into account the conditions that these materials must present (durability, costs, noise absorption power, etc.), a new material based on petroleum coke agglomerated with cement has been developed, targeted as base for designing and construction of noise screens. Our results showed that the petroleum coke–cement system had suitable acoustic properties. Therefore, the usage of petroleum coke as acoustic absorbent material opens a new alternative, with important advantages from social and environmental viewpoints. Due to high porosity of this composite the mechanical strengths decreased with increasing coke content.     

Effect of superplasticizers on workability retention and initial setting time of cement pastes

This paper presents an experimental study on the effect of a newly developed modified lignosulphonate (PLS) superplasticizer on the loss of workability and initial setting time of cement pastes in comparison to those of polycarboxylate (PCE) and polynaphthalene (PNS) superplasticizers. The workability loss was monitored by yield stress and effective viscosity of the pastes. The initial setting was monitored by heat development, change of rheological parameters with time, and penetration depth in cement pastes. The relations among these methods were discussed. Different dosages of the superplasticizers were used to obtain cement pastes with yield stress <6 Pa at 30 min at given water-to-cement ratios. The results showed that the pastes with PLS lost workability more slowly and had longer initial setting time compared with those with PCE and PNS admixtures. Although the longer workable time is beneficial for hot weather concreting, the longer initial setting time of such material has to be taken into consideration where early strength development is essential.     

The influence of ophiolitic crushed fine aggregate properties on the performance of cement mortars

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment - Aggregates constitute the largest proportion of the raw materials used for the production of mortars. Therefore, their quality significantly...     

超塑化剂对新拌水泥浆体流变性的影响

应用回转粘度计测定不同转速下未掺超塑化剂水泥浆体、掺萘系超塑化剂(UNF-5)和掺聚羧酸系超塑化剂(COPOCA202)浆体的流变参数,对比三者的回滞曲线,并计算了剪切速率上升和下降时各个浆体的屈服应力和粘度。相同水灰比下,各个试样剪切应力、粘度、回滞圈面积以及上升和下降阶段屈服应力由大到小排列如下:空白>UNF-5>COPOCA202;剪力作用下,各试样屈服应力均有所下降,空白和UNF-5试样粘度下降而COPOCA202粘度几乎未变。根据水泥颗粒的特征,认为新拌水泥浆体的结构为由不同大小和刚度的絮凝单元连接成的一个整体结构。本文采用该认识对以上的现象进行了解释。     

Effect of free water removal from early-age hydrated cement pastes on thermal analysis

In order to follow the progress of cement hydration by analytical techniques, the ongoing hydration reactions must be stopped by complete removal of free water. A comparison between solvent exchange, oven drying and vacuum drying, using thermal analysis, is presented for early-age hydrated cement pastes. Results show that oven drying at 105 °C accelerates hydration, causes dehydration of some hydrated cement phases and favours carbonation. Solvent exchange with ethanol, ether and methanol results in a strong absorption and an incomplete removal of solvents. FT-IR and XRD gave evidence of the formation of carbonate-like phases due to an interaction upon heating, i.e. during thermal analysis, between the strongly absorbed solvents and the cement compounds or hydrates. Vacuum drying reveals reliable results as no interaction products can be formed and the Ca(OH)₂ content, determined by thermal analysis, gives a good approximation of the real amount of Ca(OH)₂.     

红砒砂岩细集料制备水泥砂浆及其性能研究

采用砒砂岩替代部分河砂进行水泥砂浆性能试验,研究不同砒砂岩替代率对水泥砂浆需水量、力学性能及体积稳定性的影响,并在此基础上进行减水剂适应性试验以提高砒砂岩替代率和保证性能。结果表明:砒砂岩安全替代率为10%,当超过50%以上时水泥砂浆水灰比增加明显,导致试件强度快速降低、干缩率增大而存在耐久性隐患。不同类型减水剂在此体系中试件的工作性及力学性能表现依次为脂肪族减水剂聚羧酸减水剂萘系减水剂。