The relation between BPM culture,BPM methods,and process performance: Evidence from quantitative field studies

Business process management (BPM) research conceptualizes BPM culture as a type of organizational culture that supports BPM. No quantitative fieldwork has so far examined how such a supporting role manifests itself. We study the relationship between BPM culture, BPM methods, and process performance empirically. Our analysis of multiple survey data sets from a total of 581 practitioners of multiple industries suggests that BPM methods indirectly contribute to process performance by establishing a BPM culture. This finding updates the prevalent assumption that the correct application of methods yields direct performance benefits. We discuss several implications for theory and practice.     

开放源码邮件系统病毒防护的研究与实现

介绍了开放源码电子邮件系统的基本工作原理,针对日益猖獗的病毒泛滥问题,对比分析了各种病毒防护过滤技术,着重就邮件病毒扫描原理及其实现方案进行了探讨,并选择非常流行的开放源码邮件软件sendmail进行了具体的病毒防护配置。     

Developing an information systems infrastructure with open source software

Up to now, most open source software deployments have been in invisible infrastructure applications running on back-office servers (GNU/Linux, Apache, and so on). Beaumont Hospital in Ireland recently started developing its overall information systems infrastructure by deploying more visible desktop and front-office open source applications in addition to GNU/Linux and Apache. In a two-phase open source implementation, Beaumont will save over /spl euro/ 20 million over five years.     

The open source acid test

In the late 1970s, AT&T openly licensed the source code for its fledgling Unix operating system to universities and government research labs. This move got Bill Joy and Sun Microsystems started and resulted in several other famous open source product developments such as sendmail and BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Domain). Over the next two decades, Unix took root and became the foundation for several prominent computer companies such as Sun Microsystems, Hewlett-Packard, IBM, and SCO (Santa Cruz Operation). You can safely argue that Unix is partially responsible for the Internet as well, and it has certainly been instrumental in stimulating CAD/CAM software, chip design automation, and other technologies fundamental to computing. By literally giving away the source code-with restrictions-AT&T seeded several industries. Open source is the latest in a long line of fads that promise a software development panacea. The author considers whether it can survive the acid test of mainstream viability in the context of Linux     

The loyal opposition of open source, Linux...and hype

The author discusses the hype surrounding the Linux operating system and open-source software development. Some see Linux not just as an OS but as the epitome of open source, a software development approach based on communal ownership and improvement of software, a movement they believe is vital to the best interests of software's future     

Linux, open source, and software's future

Developed by Torvalds in 1991 from Minix, a simplified version of Unix intended for educational use, Linux has grown from a mere 10000-line kernel to a full-featured OS with more than 1.5 million lines of code. Once thought the exclusive province of hobbyists, students, and hard-core programmers, Linux has quietly, unassumingly slipped into the software mainstream. The paper discusses the advantages of Linux and considers massively parallel software development. It also discusses open source development     

The many meanings of open source

Many software development methodologies are called "open source." However simply stating that a project is open source doesn't precisely describe the approach used to support the project. A multidisciplinary viewpoint can help determine those characteristics that are common to open source projects and those that vary among projects. These characteristics form the basis for a taxonomy of open source projects that's useful for analyzing and setting up projects. They also provide a starting point for understanding what "open source" means.     

From open source to open content: Organization, licensing and decision processes in open cultural production

The organization of talent in online communities has been pivotal for the development of open source software. We are currently witnessing a related phenomenon that is at least of equal importance: the ‘open-sourcing’ of digital content through a dramatic increase in user-generated content and the development of appropriate licenses for users to share their works and build on each other's creativity. This article compares and contrasts (a) the objectives of software development vis-à-vis the development of new media content, (b) the organizational forms that have developed in respective online communities, and (c) the role that licensing plays in the production of ‘functional’ vis-à-vis ‘cultural’ goods.     

开放源代码软件开发模式的前途

引 言公立学校和其他教育机构应该逐渐熟悉开放源代码项目导致的某些机会。利用因特网作为潜在的协作媒介,开放源代码开发项目所产生的软件和其他资源能满足很多学校的需求。教育工作者一旦注意到开放源代码资源,将会立刻发现它们的优势,可以用这些价格低廉的产品替代许多学校正在使用的昂贵商用产品。开放源代码资源没有商用资源特有的那些使用限制,低成本和适应性使得开放源代码产品具有很强的吸引力,又不失其重要性,这些资源的开发方式本身与核心教育的价值观一致,即教育公平的理想。开放源代码的教育软件开放源代码方式与公司开发的商…     

The Debsources Dataset: two decades of free and open source software

We present the Debsources Dataset: source code and related metadata spanning two decades of Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) history, seen through the lens of the Debian distribution. The dataset spans more than 3 billion lines of source code as well as metadata about them such as: size metrics (lines of code, disk usage), developer-defined symbols (ctags), file-level checksums (SHA1, SHA256, TLSH), file media types (MIME), release information (which version of which package containing which source code files has been released when), and license information (GPL, BSD, etc). The Debsources Dataset comes as a set of tarballs containing deduplicated unique source code files organized by their SHA1 checksums (the source code), plus a portable PostgreSQL database dump (the metadata). A case study is run to show how the Debsources Dataset can be used to easily and efficiently instrument very long-term analyses of the evolution of Debian from various angles (size, granularity, licensing, etc.), getting a grasp of major FOSS trends of the past two decades. The Debsources Dataset is Open Data, released under the terms of the CC BY-SA 4.0 license, and available for download from Zenodo with DOI reference 10.5281/zenodo.61089.     

The open source software phenomenon: Characteristics that promote research

Since the turn of the century, open source software has triggered a vast volume of research. In this essay, based on a brief review of selected work, we show that research in many different fields and disciplines of the social sciences have shed light on the phenomenon. We argue that five characteristics make the phenomenon particularly attractive to examination from various fields and disciplines using a plethora of research methods: (1) impact: open source software has an extensive impact on the economy and society; (2) theoretical tension: the phenomenon deviates sharply from the predictions and explanations of existing theory in different fields; (3) transparency: open source software has offered researchers an unprecedented access to data; (4) communal reflexivity: the community of open source software developers frequently engage in a dialog on its functioning (it also has its own research community); (5) proximity: the innovation process in open source software resembles knowledge production in science (in many instances, open source software is an output of research processes). These five characteristics also promote a transdisciplinary research dialog. Based on the experience of open source software research, we propose that phenomena-driven transdisciplinary research provides an excellent context to promote greater dialog between disciplines and fields. Moreover, we propose that the recent diffusion of the open source software model of innovation to other areas than software calls for new research and that the field of information systems has an important role to play in this future research agenda.     

开放源代码软件的应用研究

目前,开放源代码的软件开发模式已经越来越多的被采用,其基本思想是通过公开软件的源代码使得不同的开发人员可以互相交流、发现错误从而提升软件质量.在某些环境下运行的软件由于对可靠性的高度要求,采用开放源代码的模式进行软件开发将能最大化的做到这一点,本文试从商业模型、法律规范、实现技术这三个角度论述了开放源代码软件的应用.     

Effort, co-operation and co-ordination in an open source software project: GNOME

Abstract This paper presents results from research into open source projects from a software engineering perspective. The research methodology employed relies on public data retrieved from the CVS repository of the GNOME project and relevant discussion groups. This methodology is described, and results concerning the special characteristics of open source software development are given. These data are used for a first approach to estimating the total effort to be expended.     

The FreeBSD project: a replication case study of open source development

Case studies can help to validate claims that open source software development produces higher quality software at lower cost than traditional commercial development. One problem inherent in case studies are external validity - we do not know whether or not results from one case study apply to another development project. We gain or lose confidence in case study results when similar case studies are conducted on other projects. This case study of the FreeBSD project, a long-lived open source project, provides further understanding of open source development. The paper details a method for mining repositories and querying project participants to retrieve key process information. The FreeBSD development process is fairly well-defined with proscribed methods for determining developer responsibilities, dealing with enhancements and defects, and managing releases. Compared to the Apache project, FreeBSD uses 1) a smaller set of core developers - developers who control the code base - that implement a smaller percentage of the system, 2) a larger set of top developers to implement 80 percent of the system, and 3) a more well-defined testing process. FreeBSD and Apache have a similar ratio of core developers to people involved in adapting and debugging the system and people who report problems. Both systems have similar defect densities and the developers are also users in both systems.     

The power of gifts: organizing social relationships in open source communities

Abstract. In writings on the open source software development model, it is often argued that it is successful as a result of the gift economy that embraces activities in online communities. However, the theoretical foundations for this argument are seldom discussed and empirically tested. Starting with the 'classic' theories of gift giving, we discuss how they need to be developed in order to explain gift-giving practices in digital domains. In this paper, we argue that the gift economy is important, not only because it creates openness, but also because it organizes relationships between people in a certain way. Open source software development relies on gift giving as a way of getting new ideas and prototypes out into circulation. This also implies that the giver gets power from giving away. This power is used as a way of guaranteeing the quality of the code. We relate this practice to how gifts, in the form of new scientific knowledge, are given to the research community, and how this is done through peer review processes.     

Reproducible research in computational economics: guidelines,integrated approaches,and open source software

Traditionally, computer and software applications have been used by economists to off-load otherwise complex or tedious tasks onto technology, freeing up time and intellect to address other, intellectually more rewarding, aspects of research. On the negative side, this increasing dependence on computers has resulted in research that has become increasingly difficult to replicate. In this paper, we propose some basic standards to improve the production and reporting of computational results in economics for the purpose of accuracy and reproducibility. In particular, we make recommendations on four aspects of the process: computational practice, published reporting, supporting documentation, and visualization. Also, we reflect on current developments in the practice of computing and visualization, such as integrated dynamic electronic documents, distributed computing systems, open source software, and their potential usefulness in making computational and empirical research in economics more easily reproducible.