超高强度高炉矿渣细骨料混凝土的试验研究

通过混凝土配合比设计和力学性能试验,探讨了高炉矿渣代替天然砂作为超高强度混凝土细骨料的可行性,并对比了高炉矿渣代砂混凝土与天然砂混凝土的压缩强度,结果表明:高炉矿渣细骨料混凝土拌合物工作性能优良,压缩强度超过了100 MPa。     

Effect of copper slag as a fine aggregate on the properties of cement mortars and concrete

An experimental investigation was conducted to study the effect of using copper slag as a fine aggregate on the properties of cement mortars and concrete. Various mortar and concrete mixtures were prepared with different proportions of copper slag ranging from 0% (for the control mixture) to 100% as fine aggregates replacement. Cement mortar mixtures were evaluated for compressive strength, whereas concrete mixtures were evaluated for workability, density, compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and durability. The results obtained for cement mortars revealed that all mixtures with different copper slag proportions yielded comparable or higher compressive strength than that of the control mixture. Also, there was more than 70% improvement in the compressive strength of mortars with 50% copper slag substitution in comparison with the control mixture. The results obtained for concrete indicated that there is a slight increase in density of nearly 5% as copper slag content increases, whereas the workability increased significantly as copper slag percentage increased compared with the control mixture. A substitution of up to 40–50% copper slag as a sand replacement yielded comparable strength to that of the control mixture. However, addition of more copper slag resulted in strength reduction due to the increase in the free water content in the mix. Also, the results demonstrated that surface water absorption decreased as copper slag content increases up to 50% replacement. Beyond that, the absorption rate increased rapidly and the percentage volume of the permeable voids was comparable to the control mixture. Therefore, it is recommended that up to 40–50% (by weight of sand) of copper slag can be used as a replacement for fine aggregates in order to obtain a concrete with good strength and durability requirements.     

Performance of mortar and concrete made with a fine aggregate of desert sand

At this moment there is no national specification concerning the application of desert sand with very fine grain. To be able to apply desert sand to mortar and concrete in civil engineering, mortar and concrete made of Tenggeli desert sand and Maowusu sandy land sand have been tested in order to clarify their engineering characteristics. Based on the determined chemical composition and the physical characteristics of desert sand, the mechanical properties of mortar and concrete made of two types of desert sand as fine aggregate were investigated. The results of the tests indicate that desert sand can be used as a fine aggregate in mortar and concrete for general civil engineering.     

Mechanical properties of high-strength concrete incorporating copper slag as coarse aggregate

Copper slag is a by-product obtained during the matte smelting and refining of copper. Current options of management of this slag are recycling, recovering of metal, production of value added products and disposal in slag dumps or stockpiles. This paper presents the results of a study undertaken to investigate the feasibility of using copper slag as coarse aggregates in high-strength concrete. The effects of replacing limestone coarse aggregate by copper slag coarse aggregate on the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and rebound hammer values of high-strength concretes are evaluated in this work. Concrete mixtures containing different levels of silica fume were prepared with water to cementitious materials ratios of 0.40, 0.35, and 0.30. The percentages of the cement replacements by silica fume were 0%, 6%, and 10%. The use of copper slag aggregate compared to limestone aggregate resulted in a 28-day compressive strength increase of about 10–15%, and a splitting tensile strength increase of 10–18%. It can be concluded from the results of this study that using copper slag as coarse aggregate in high-strength concrete is technically possible and useful.     

Use of low CaO unprocessed steel slag in concrete as fine aggregate

Steel slag, which is produced locally in great amounts, has a negative impact on the environment when disposed. Local steel slag has a low CaO content and has no pozzolanic activity.In this research, local unprocessed steel slag is introduced in concrete mixes. Various mixes with compressive strength ranging from 25 to 45 MPa are studied. The slag is used as fine aggregate replacing the sand in the mixes, partly or totally. Ratios of 0%, 15%, 30%, 50% and 100% are used.Depending on the grade of concrete, the compressive strength is improved when steel slag is used for low sand replacement ratios (up to 30%).When optimum values are used, the 28-day tensile strength of concrete is improved by 1.4–2.4 times and the compressive strength is improved by 1.1–1.3 times depending on the replacement ratio and the grade of concrete. The best results are obtained for replacement ratios of 30–50% for tensile strength and 15–30% for compressive strength.Therefore, the use of steel slag in concrete would enhance the strength of concrete, especially tensile strength, provided the correct ratio is used.     

高强低自收缩复合骨料混凝土的自收缩--高强低自收缩复合骨料混凝土的研究之二

通过高强复合骨料混凝土和基准高强混凝土的对比试验表明,复合骨料混凝土的自收缩能显著降低.尤其对于含硅灰或矿粉的混凝土,复合骨料降低混凝土的自收缩效果更好.     

多孔再生骨料混凝土强度及透水性能研究

多孔再生骨料混凝土是一种新型环保型材料,为满足强度及透水性能的要求,利用普通压力试验机和自制透水试验装置对试件的7 d强度及透水系数进行了测试。分别取再生骨料取代率为0、50%、100%,水灰比为0.25、0.27、0.30,目标孔隙率为0.2和0.25,分析三个因素对多孔混凝土强度及渗透性能的影响。试验表明再生骨料因具有疏松多孔的特性,多孔再生混凝土强度随取代率的增加而降低。实测孔隙率与目标孔隙率吻合,孔隙率越大,强度值越低,透水性能越好。多孔再生混凝土孔隙率与透水性具有很好的相关性。     

Durability of concrete incorporating non-ground blast furnace slag and bottom ash as fine aggregate

The paper presents investigation of how the usage of bottom ash (BA), granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS), and combination of both of these materials as fine aggregate in concrete affects the concrete durability. To assess durability characteristics of concrete, durability tests were conducted and the results were evaluated comparing with reference concrete. Three series concrete were produced. GBFS, BA and GBFS+BA are replaced the 3–7 mm-sized aggregate. Five test groups were constituted with the replacement percentages as 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% in each series. These by-products were used as non-ground form in the concrete. Durability properties of the concretes were compared in order to study the possible advantages of different replacement ratios. According to results, GBFS and BA affects some durability properties of concrete positively in case of it is used as fine aggregate. Resistance to high temperature and surface abrasion are positively affected properties. Capillarity, drying-wetting and freezing-thawing resistance of the concrete can be accepted to some extent. Properties of by-products and its replacement ratio are controlling the influence level and direction. Comparison of the SEM images and test results show that chemical and physical properties of GBFS and BA are the main factors affecting the concrete durability. It is concluded that it is possible to produce durable concrete by using GBFS and BA as fine aggregate.     

不同工艺制备的混凝土再生砂的性能研究

本文介绍了利用废弃混凝土制备再生砂的三种工艺——简单破碎法、颗粒整形法和全组分整形法,并对三种不同工艺制备的再生砂进行性能比较,得出简单破碎再生砂性能较差、颗粒整形再生砂性能较好和全组分整形再生砂性能最优的结论。     

Oil palm shell as a lightweight aggregate for production high strength lightweight concrete

In Malaysia, oil palm shell (OPS) is an agricultural solid waste originating from the palm oil industry. In this investigation old OPS was used for production of high strength lightweight concrete (HSLC). The density, air content, workability, cube compressive strength and water absorption were measured. The effect of five types of curing conditions on 28-day compressive strength was studied. The test results showed that by incorporating limestone powder and without it, it is possible to produce the OPS concretes with 28-day compressive strength of about 43–48 MPa and dry density of about 1870–1990 kg/m³. The compressive strength of OPS HSLC is sensitive to the lack of curing. The water absorption of these concretes is in the range of good concretes.     

铬渣作为细集料的材料性能及应用探究

通过对包头某铬渣厂的新老铬渣作为细集料的基本材料性能进行试验探究,并加入不同掺量的新老铬渣做成水泥固化铬渣试块测试其3、28 d的抗压抗折强度,证实解毒后的铬渣具有作为公路水泥混凝土的细集料的可能性。     

陶瓷细骨料再生混凝土抗压强度试验研究

研究了以建筑废弃陶瓷为再生细集料取代天然河砂生产混凝土时取代率对再生混凝土抗拉、抗压强度的影响.通过试验,初步得出了再生混凝土立方体抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度与细骨料取代率的关系.试验表明,再生混凝土的抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度与普通混凝土没有明显区别.试验还表明,再生混凝土抗压强度与抗拉强度之间的换算与普通混凝土不同.建立了再生混凝土抗压强度随陶瓷取代率变化的关系式;引入取代率R,提出了劈裂抗拉强度与抗压强度、R之间的强度指标换算关系.     

生活垃圾焚烧灰渣代砂混凝土配合比及力学性能试验

对生活垃圾焚烧灰渣代砂作为混凝土细骨料进行了试验研究。从有毒物质浸出、筛分、压碎指标等分析了生活焚烧垃圾灰渣的骨料特性,并对5种水胶比、3种代砂率的生活垃圾焚烧灰渣细骨料混凝土进行了配合比试验及力学性能试验。试验结果表明,生活垃圾焚烧灰渣多孔、吸水率高、压碎指标低,具有一定的潜在水硬性;通过增加减水剂等合理配合比设计,可以配出工作性能满足工程要求的生活垃圾焚烧灰渣细骨料混凝土;生活垃圾焚烧灰渣细骨料混凝土强度要低于同配合比条件的普通天然砂混凝土,尤其是100%代砂率焚烧灰渣混凝土28 d抗压强度仅为普通天然砂混凝土的一半左右,50%代砂率焚烧灰渣混凝土抗压强度更接近普通天然砂混凝土。     

Influence of high temperature on the properties of concretes made with industrial by-products as fine aggregate replacement

Influence of high temperature on the properties of concrete containing non-ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GBFS) and coal bottom ash (BA) as fine aggregate was presented. Six series of concrete mixtures were prepared by partially replacing fine aggregate separately with GBFS and BA. Replacement percentages were between 10 and 50% with an increment of 10% by dry weight of fine aggregate. Then 0.2% polypropylene fibres (PP) were added to last three mixtures that has the same mixture with the first three series. The first series is control concrete, the second series contained GBFS and the third series contained BA. All the concrete specimens were exposed to 800 °C temperature at the age of 90 days. Tests were conducted to determine loss in weight, compressive strength, and dynamic modulus of elasticity. Also surface crack observations were conducted with microscope. Test results showed that it is possible to partially replace fine aggregate with GBFS or BA even if such concretes were to be subjected to high temperature response. Performance of BA concrete was found to be better than GBFS as replacement material.     

Mechanical and microstructural characterization of an alkali-activated slag/limestone fine aggregate concrete

Four limestone-based, alkali-activated slag fine aggregate concretes, two of which contained amorphous silica in the form of diatomaceous earth, were fabricated using different activating solutions (NaOH/waterglass or Na₂CO₃). Emphasis in this work was placed on using simple manufacturing methods and widely available materials, to ensure that these formulae are practical as construction materials in the developing world. Although cured only at room temperature, these fine aggregate concretes have good compressive strengths (～45 MPa) and their tensile strengths increased from ～2.6 MPa after 1 day of curing to ～4 MPa after 28 day for the NaOH-activated formulae. Samples activated with Na₂CO₃ had negligible tensile strengths after 1 day, increasing to ～2.5 MPa after 28 day. The main cementing phase was shown to be calcium–silicate–hydrates in all formulae; those activated with Na₂CO₃ also showed the presence of hydrotalcite. No evidence of geopolymeric phases was found, though incorporation of Na to form N–S–H that balance charges arising from Al substitution of Si in C–S–H is likely. Despite the short (～120 s) pot life of the strongest formula, NaCl was shown to be an effective retarding agent, which reduced the strengths of different formulae, at worst, by less than 25% after 28 day of curing.     

高强低自收缩复合骨料混凝土早期开裂倾向的预估--高强低自收缩复合骨料混凝土的研究之三

通过对混凝土依时的自收缩应变和弹性模量测定,求得依时自收缩应力。结果表明，复合骨料混凝土的自收缩应力比基准混凝土以及硅灰混凝土和矿粉混凝土小得多，与混凝土的依时抗拉强度比较，复合骨料混凝土的早期开裂倾向显著降低.     

高强高性能混凝土中的集料研究

试验研究了粗集料最大粒径，级配，不同针片状含量以及不同胶凝材料用量和不同水胶比条件下，砂率对高强混凝土工作性和力学性能的影响。结果表明，在所设计配合比的情况下，对混凝土强度而言，存在最佳的最大集料粒径，最优针片状含量以及最佳砂率等。     

镁渣取代部分细骨料对混凝土抗压强度的作用效应研究

针对宁夏镁渣利用问题,在已有研究的基础上,以镁渣消化时间t、镁渣取代率m和粉煤灰掺量f为因素,设计L(934)正交试验方案,试验研究了镁渣取代部分细骨料对混凝土抗压强度的作用效应,揭示了作用规律,并进行了机理分析,为镁渣作为混凝土的细骨料提供了理论支持。试验结果表明:镁渣取代率适量时,镁渣能提高混凝土的强度;镁渣适当时间的消化是非常必要的,但消化时间不宜过久;镁渣取代率对混凝土抗压强度影响的显著,各因素的最优组合为镁渣消化时间3 d,镁渣取代率30%,粉煤灰掺量20%。     

铁尾矿粉作为掺合料制备高强混凝土的研究

研究了不同掺量铁尾矿粉对高强混凝土强度的影响,并通过扫描电镜和压汞仪对混凝土的水化产物和孔结构分布特性进行了分析。结果表明,铁尾矿替代胶凝材料20%和30%时,其混凝土达到C60混凝土的强度等级。当铁尾矿为40%时,其混凝土试样达到C50混凝土的强度等级。不同铁尾矿掺量混凝土试样中的孔主要以20~50 nm的少害孔为主。不同掺量铁尾矿粉的孔隙率、平均孔径等有所不同。铁尾矿掺量20%和30%试样的水化产物较为密实,而铁尾矿掺量40%的试样水化产物较为疏松。     

泵送高强轻骨料混凝土的抗离析性能的试验研究

为减少泵送高强轻骨料混凝土在振捣过程中轻骨料的上浮现象,使用5种不同轻骨料,选择了拌和物密度、粗骨料质量以及抗压强度3种评价拌合物抗振捣分离性指标,系统研究了轻骨料体积含量、振捣时间、轻骨料特性（包括外形、表面光滑度、吸水率）和矿物掺和料以及外加剂对低水胶比的泵送高强轻骨料混凝土抗离析性的影响。