High temperature properties of rubberized binders containing warm asphalt additives

Several studies have been conducted evaluating the properties of warm mix asphalt (WMA), and it is observed that warm asphalt additives work in different ways to either reduce the viscosity of the binder or to allow better workability of the mix at lower temperatures. In terms of rubberized asphalt mixtures, they are compacted at a higher temperature than conventional mixtures, based on the field experience. If the technologies of warm mix asphalt are incorporated, it is expected to reduce the mixing and compaction temperatures of rubberized asphalt mixtures to those of conventional mixtures. This paper presents the high temperature properties of rubberized binders containing warm asphalt additives. Rubberized binders were produced at 10% by binder weight using five binder sources, and the binders with the additives were produced using two (i.e. Aspha-min^® and Sasobit^®) of the available processes and artificially short-term aged through the rolling thin film oven (RTFO) method. Tests were conducted on the binders using the rotational viscometer and the Dynamic Shear Rheometer. The results indicated that the viscosity properties of rubberized binders can be changed significantly through the use of warm asphalt additives. Also, the addition of the additives was found to improve rutting resistance of the rubberized binders.     

Polymer modified asphalt binders

This paper is a review of research that has been conducted on polymer modified binders over the last three decades. Polymer modification of asphalt binders has increasingly become the norm in designing optimally performing pavements, particularly in the United States, Canada, Europe and Australia. Specific polymers that have been used include rubber, SBR, SBS and Elvaloy^®. Specifications have been designed and pre-existing ones modified to capture the rheological properties of polymer modified binders. The elastic recovery test is good at determining the presence of polymers in an asphalt binder, but is less successful at predicting field performance of the pavement.     

Effect of polyester resin additive on the properties of asphalt binders and mixtures

The properties of AC-5 control asphalt binder, mixture containing the same asphalt were compared with the properties of AC-10 asphalt binder modified by 0.75%, 1%, 2%, and 3% of polyester resin (PR), mixture containing pure AC-10 and AC-10 modified by 0.75% of PR, respectively.Initial research was done to determine the physical properties of unmodified and PR modified asphalt binders. The AC-10 asphalt binder modified by 0.75% of PR had good results compared to AC-5 control asphalt binder and all other modified binders, and hence this modified binder as well as unmodified binders were used to prepare Marshall samples for Marshall stability and flow, indirect tensile stiffness modulus (ITSM), indirect tensile strength (ITS) and creep stiffness tests.The results of investigation indicate that AC-10 + 0.75% PR binder has better physical properties than AC-5 control asphalt binder and, at the same time, PR improves mechanical properties of asphalt mixture.     

基于复合改性沥青混合料疲劳性能研究

为了能够进一步改善道路的路用性能,提高其抗疲劳耐久性,使其能够满足不同的道路交通状况,通过对添加不同比例的橡胶粉和硫酸钙晶须复合改性沥青进行实验分析,探究掺加两种材料情况下的改性沥青混合料疲劳耐久性的影响机理。研究表明:橡胶粉和硫酸钙晶须的掺加会使沥青混合料的抗疲劳耐久性效果更加明显。     

Interaction effects of crumb rubber modified asphalt binders

The application of crumb rubber in asphalt mixtures is intended to improve the binder properties by reducing the binder’s inherent temperature susceptibility. This research investigated the interaction effects of CRM binders as a function of various blending treatments in the laboratory. For this study, CRM binders were produced using seven blending times (5, 30, 60, 90, 120, 240, and 480 min), three blending temperatures (177, 200, and 223 °C), and four rubber contents (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight of asphalt binder). The results from this study showed that (1) The interaction time and interaction temperature for CRM binders were observed to have significant effect on the binder properties; (2) The longer time and higher temperature for interaction of CRM binders resulted in an increase in the high failure temperature and the viscosity. This is thought to be due to the increase in the rubber mass through binder absorption. However, this study found that the control binder of PG 64-22 had little change of the binder properties as a function of interaction conditions; (3) The CRM percentage influence is statistically significant on the viscosity and G^*/sin δ values. Also, the asphalt binder with higher CRM percentage showed a higher large molecular size (LMS) value, and the increase in CRM percentage is considered to result in the additional loss of the low molecular weight in the asphalt binder to the CRM.     

SBS改性沥青修正等黏原则

普通沥青混合料按照ASTM D 2493的等黏原则可以确定混合料的施工温度,但不适宜用于改性沥青混合料。通过4种SBS改性沥青混合料在不同压实温度下的旋转压实试验,建立了毛体积相对密度与压实温度的关系,由此得到混合料最佳压实温度,根据该最佳压实温度下的黏度与剪切速率关系,得到黏度0.28 Pa.s对应的剪切速率大约为60 s-1。由此建议新的沥青等黏原则的测黏剪切速率为60 s-1,而不是ASTM D 2493规定的6.8 s-1,结果表明,新方法确定的改性沥青混合料施工温度可降低5～10℃。     

Study on properties of recycled tire rubber modified asphalt mixtures using dry process

To minimize waste tires pollution and improve properties of asphalt mixtures, properties of recycled tire rubber modified asphalt mixtures using dry process are studied in laboratory. Tests of three types asphalt mixtures containing different rubber content (1%, 2% and 3% by weight of total mix) and a control mixture without rubber were conducted. Based on results of rutting tests (60 °C), indirect tensile tests (−10 °C) and variance analysis, the addition of recycled tire rubber in asphalt mixtures using dry process could improve engineering properties of asphalt mixtures, and the rubber content has a significant effect on the performance of resistance to permanent deformation at high temperature and cracking at low temperature.     

Laboratory evaluation of the effects of short-term oven aging on asphalt binders in asphalt mixtures using HP-GPC

Both the RTFO (rolling-thin film oven) aging of asphalt binders and the STOA (short-term oven aging) of asphalt mixtures are designed to simulate aging during the construction of hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavements. Many studies have been conducted evaluating the aging effects on asphalt binders since their properties can be easily measured using many conventional tests, such as rotational viscometer, DSR (dynamic shear rheometer), and BBR (bending beam rheometer). However, studies on asphalt mixture aging have been limited to mechanical properties such as strength and fatigue characteristics because considerable effort is required to identify the aging of the asphalt binder in a mixture. This study evaluated the effects of short-term oven aging on asphalt mixtures using the GPC (gel-permeation chromatography) procedure. Nine asphalt mixtures, using three different binder sources, were prepared and five short-term aging methods were used to evaluate these mixes. For comparison, the RTFO aging was also conducted for nine asphalt binders. The aging of a binder within asphalt mixtures, including polymer-modified mixtures, could be identified under various short-term aging conditions. Statistical analysis of the GPC test results indicated that two commonly used short-term aging methods in the laboratory, a 154 °C oven aging for 2 h and a 135 °C oven aging for 4 h, are not significantly different, based on the increase in the large molecular size (LMS) ratios. The RTFO aging method was found to have less effect on binder aging than the short-term oven aging methods of asphalt mixtures.     

Laboratory investigation of the properties of asphalt concrete mixtures modified with TOP–SBS

Benefits of adding Tall oil pitch (TOP), Styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) and TOP + SBS to AC-10 in variant quantities to AC-10 were investigated. Initial research was done to determine the physical properties of asphalt cement and modifiers.Seven asphalt binder formulations were prepared with 8% of TOP; 8 + 3, 8 + 6 and 8 + 9% of TOP + SBS, respectively; 3, 6 and 9% of SBS by total weight of binder. After that, Marshall samples were prepared by using the modified and unmodified asphalt binders.Additionally, compression strength test were done in different conditions to determine water, heat and frost resistance of all Marshall samples.Fatigue life and plastic deformation tests for Marshall samples (for different asphalt mixtures: modified and unmodified) were carried out using PC controlled repeated load indirect tensile test equipment developed at Suleyman Demirel University by Tigdemir (SDU-Asphalt Tester).The results of investigation indicate that asphalt mixture modified by 8% TOP + 6% SBS gives the best results in the tests that were carried out in this study, so that, this modification increases physical and mechanical properties of asphalt binder.     

沥青混合料自愈性能研究综述

阐述了沥青混合料的自愈合机理、评价指标及测试方法,从内在因素和外在因素两个角度,评述了沥青、矿粉、愈合温度和破坏程度等对沥青混合料自愈性能的影响,基于能量供给和物质补充原理,总结了沥青材料自愈合能力增强技术,并分析了加热和掺加含有界面粘合剂的微胶囊两种增强措施,对延长沥青路面使用寿命具有一定意义。     

Rheology of warm mix asphalt binders with aged binders

This study addresses the rheological investigation of properties of warm mix asphalt (WMA) binders containing long-term aged binders. The recycled binders with the additives were produced using two (i.e., zeolite Aspha-min® and wax Sasobit®) of the available warm asphalt processes. The main rheological factors selected in this study were relationships between loading and response as a function of time, temperature and frequency using a Bohlin Dynamic Shear Rheometer II. The results indicated that the addition of Sasobit® into recycled binders played an important role in determination of the binder properties evaluated in this study. The use of lower performance grade (PG) as a virgin binder (PG 58-28 in this study) was critical on offsetting the change of rheological binder properties due to the warm additives and the aged binders.     

EVA改性沥青混合料路用性能的室内研究

通过室内试验，系统地分析了EVA对沥青性能的影响，介绍了EVA改性沥青的基本性质以及性能，证明了EVA改性沥青不仅具有明显的抗高温稳定性，而且具有一定的低温柔韧性。     

DUROFLEX改性沥青混合料路用性能试验研究

通过对掺加DUROFLEX、SBS改性沥青、AH-70#沥青混合料的马歇尔参数特性、高温抗车辙能力、低温开裂能力及水稳定性的性能对比试验,分析了DUROFLEX对沥青混合料路用性能的影响,为新型改性剂DUROFLEX的推广提供理论依据.     

风化煤改性沥青的制备与性能研究

对风化煤改性沥青的性能进行了试验研究,研究表明,风化煤提高沥青的高温性能和一些其他重要指标,并与沥青有较好的相容性,降低了改性沥青的成本,扩大了风化煤的使用范围。     

基于时间和温度依赖性的SBS/ 多聚磷酸复合改性沥青流变性能研究

为分析多聚磷酸掺量对SBS/多聚磷酸复合改性沥青高温流变特性的影响,对比复合改性沥青与基质沥青、SBS改性沥青流变特性的差异,本文采用SK90号基质沥青、制备4.5%SBS改性沥青以及SBS/多聚磷酸复合改性沥青。对沥青试样进行60℃频率扫描和30℃-60℃温度扫描试验,分析沥青结合料复数模量、相位角随加载频率和温度的变化规律。结果表明:SBS改性沥青、SBS/多聚磷酸复合改性沥青的复数模量值远大于基质沥青,SBS/多聚磷酸复合改性沥青的复数模量随着多聚磷酸掺量的增多而增大;SBS改性沥青和SBS/多聚磷酸复合改性沥青的相位角随荷载作用频率上升而迅速增大;SBS改性沥青和SBS/多聚磷酸复合改性沥青的温度敏感性较基质沥青有了显著的改;3.5%SBS+1.6%PPA复合改性沥青的复数剪切模量大于改性剂掺量为4.5%的SBS改性沥青。     

Influence of surface area and size of crumb rubber on high temperature properties of crumb rubber modified binders

There are many variables of crumb rubber modifier (CRM) and asphalt binder, affecting the interaction of the CRM with the binder when crumb rubber modified binder (CRM binder) is produced. In this study, the influence of the surface area of CRM blends on the high temperature properties, i.e., the complex modulus (G¹), the phase angle and high temperature grade of the CRM binders was investigated. To this end, the surface areas of CRM particles were measured using the BET (Brunauer, Emmett and Teller) tester, while weighted average particle size of CRM blends was calculated based on their graduations and then used as a size index. High temperature properties of CRM binders were measured using Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) test. A total of 108 CRM binders were produced using different combinations of these variables. Results observed from this study indicated: (1) the surface area of the ambient CRM was twice as large as that of the cryogenic one, leading to a much higher G¹ and phase angle of the CRM binders; (2) the phase angle and G¹ were affected by both the surface area and average size; however, the average size is the predominating factor; and (3) ambient CRM binders were produced about 3 °C in high temperature grade higher than cryogenic CRM binders.     

胶粉改性沥青混合料低温特性试验研究

为研究胶粉改性沥青混合料低温抗裂性能,采用沥青混合料小梁弯曲蠕变试验对胶粉改性沥青混合料的低温性能进行检验,并以SBS改性沥青混合料作为参照,结果表明,胶粉改性沥青混合料的感温性较弱,材料力学性能受温度影响较小,与SBS改性沥青混合料相比低温不易开裂。     

Characterization of warm mix asphalt binders containing artificially long-term aged binders

Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) comprises one of the largest recycled materials, and warm mix asphalt (WMA) technologies become more commonly used due to their promising advantages in the United States and Europe. This paper addresses the laboratory investigation of performance properties of WMA binders containing aged binders. The recycled binders with the additives were produced using two (i.e., zeolite Aspha-min^® and wax Sasobit^®) of the available warm asphalt processes. The recycled WMA binders were artificially short-term and then long-term aged through the rolling thin film oven (RTFO) and pressure aging vessel (PAV) procedures. Superpave binder tests were carried out on the binders through the rotational viscometer, the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), and the bending beam rheometer (BBR). In general, the results of this study indicated that (1) the additives and aged binders played an important role in determination of the binder properties; (2) the use of lower PG grade as a virgin binder (PG 58-28 in this study) was critical on offsetting the increase of binder stiffness caused by the addition of WMA additives and aged binders; and (3) even at the low recycling percentage of 15%, the lower PG grade was needed to get the results meeting current Superpave binder requirements.     

多聚磷酸改性沥青流变性能及改性机制研究

利用动态黏弹力学方法,在动态剪切流变仪上通过动态黏弹试验和稳态流动试验并结合Carreau模型研究多聚磷酸(PPA)对改性沥青流变性能的影响,通过胶体组分变化和红外谱图分析探究PPA对沥青的改性机制。结果表明:在试验频率范围内,PPA改性沥青的存储模量G′和损失模量G″随频率的增加而增大,PPA掺量越大沥青的弹性性质越明显,说明PPA可有效改善沥青的模量和高温抗车辙性能;相同频率下,G′明显小于G″且模量差值随PPA掺量的增大、温度的降低及频率的增大而呈现逐渐减小的趋势;PPA的掺加使沥青的临界剪切速率γc大幅度降低,且掺量越大γc越小,沥青对外部剪应力的敏感性变大;与基质沥青相比,随PPA掺量的增大,沥青胶体成分中轻组分含量减少,沥青质含量大幅增加,PPA改性沥青红外谱图中增加了1 026cm-1处的特征吸收峰(P—O单键和P O双键的伸缩振动峰),说明PPA对沥青的改性是通过发生化学反应进行的。