废橡胶混凝土抗压强度试验研究

本文研究废轮胎橡胶粉碎料作为一种添加成分取代部分粗骨料的混凝土的抗压强度。抗压强度的测试方法同时参照ASTM和普通混凝土力学性能试验方法标准,其中还制备了100mm×100mm×100mm的试件,以分析不同测试方法和尺寸效应的影响。试件中采用的橡胶分别为橡胶粉和橡胶块,掺量为粗骨料体积的15%,30%,45%,以考察橡胶粒度和掺量变化对抗压强度的影响。试件制备时,还测试了坍落度与密度等参数。     

全再生混凝土概念的衍化与研究进展

全面梳理和分析了再生混凝土的发展历程与演变特点,提出了全再生混凝土的基本概念,基于文献分析,针对不同组分、不同取代率下再生混凝土的工作性能、力学性能和耐久性能开展了对比分析.整理了当再生粗骨料、再生细骨料分别单取代且取代率达到100％ 及再生粗、细骨料双取代的取代率都达到100％ 后混凝土各性能变化的量值,最后总结了再...     

Lightweight concrete incorporating pumice based blended cement and aggregate: Mechanical and durability characteristics

This paper presents the development of lightweight volcanic pumice concrete (VPC) using pumice based ASTM Type I blended cement (PVPC) and aggregates (both coarse and fine). The performance of VPC mixtures was evaluated by conducting comprehensive series of tests on fresh and hardened properties as well as durability. Fresh and mechanical properties of VPC mixtures such as slump, air content, compressive strength, tensile strength, density, and modulus of elasticity are described. The durability characteristics were investigated by drying shrinkage, water permeability, mercury intrusion porosimetry, differential scanning calorimetry and microhardness tests. The variables in the study include: % replacement (0%, 50%, 75% and 100% by volume) of normal weight coarse gravel aggregate by coarse lightweight volcanic pumice aggregate (VPA), replacement (100% by volume) of fine aggregate (sand) by fine VPA, constant (0.45)/variable (0.37–0.64) water-to-binder ratio by mass, variable (1.3–3.7) aggregate-to-binder ratio by mass and cement types (ASTM type I cement and PVPC). The investigation suggests the production of lightweight VPCs for structural applications having satisfactory strength and durability characteristics. The use of PVPC induces the beneficial effect of reducing the drying shrinkage and water permeability of VPC mixtures. The presence of coarse/fine/both VPA is also associated with lower permeability due to the development of high quality interfacial paste-aggregate transition zone and the progressive internal curing in VPCs. Development of non-expensive and environmentally friendly VPC with acceptable strength and durability characteristics (as illustrated in this study) can be extremely helpful for the sustainable construction and rehabilitation of volcanic disaster areas around the world.     

Mechanical characterisation of cement-based mortar incorporating rubber aggregates from recycled worn tyres

Cement-based materials are brittle and highly sensitive to cracking, particularly shrinkage cracking. It is well documented that a fibre reinforcement restrains crack opening and thus limits their detrimental effects on the durability and serviceability of structures. However, a better solution to limit brittleness and prevent shrinkage cracking is to design a cimentitious composite exhibiting a high level of deformation before macrocracks appear. The present paper focuses on this challenge. It is based on the use of low-deformation-modulus aggregates, actually rubber aggregates. The results given here concern mortars. A conventional mortar was compared with ones incorporating rubber tyre particles, partly replacing the natural sand aggregates. In all cases, the size of the particles was smaller than 4 mm and two ratios of sand replacement by rubber aggregates were considered: 20% and 30% by volume. The compressive and tensile properties of these cement composites were investigated.The first results show that incorporating rubber particles as aggregates is detrimental to compressive and to tensile strengths. On the other hand, it induces a significant decrease of the modulus of elasticity and is beneficial in terms of strain capacity. Tensile tests on notched specimens show that the pseudo-strain corresponding to the peak load is significantly increased and that the benefit of fibre reinforcement remains unaltered in the case of rubber incorporation. Thus, both fibre reinforcement and rubber incorporation benefits can be drawn simultaneously. It is a promising solution to improve the durability of cement-based structures. Finally, the use of rubber particles obtained from shredded non-reusable tires adds obvious environmental interest to this research programme.     

Effect of copper slag as a fine aggregate on the properties of cement mortars and concrete

An experimental investigation was conducted to study the effect of using copper slag as a fine aggregate on the properties of cement mortars and concrete. Various mortar and concrete mixtures were prepared with different proportions of copper slag ranging from 0% (for the control mixture) to 100% as fine aggregates replacement. Cement mortar mixtures were evaluated for compressive strength, whereas concrete mixtures were evaluated for workability, density, compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and durability. The results obtained for cement mortars revealed that all mixtures with different copper slag proportions yielded comparable or higher compressive strength than that of the control mixture. Also, there was more than 70% improvement in the compressive strength of mortars with 50% copper slag substitution in comparison with the control mixture. The results obtained for concrete indicated that there is a slight increase in density of nearly 5% as copper slag content increases, whereas the workability increased significantly as copper slag percentage increased compared with the control mixture. A substitution of up to 40–50% copper slag as a sand replacement yielded comparable strength to that of the control mixture. However, addition of more copper slag resulted in strength reduction due to the increase in the free water content in the mix. Also, the results demonstrated that surface water absorption decreased as copper slag content increases up to 50% replacement. Beyond that, the absorption rate increased rapidly and the percentage volume of the permeable voids was comparable to the control mixture. Therefore, it is recommended that up to 40–50% (by weight of sand) of copper slag can be used as a replacement for fine aggregates in order to obtain a concrete with good strength and durability requirements.     

Effect of electric arc furnace dust on the properties of OPC and blended cement concretes

This paper presents results of a study conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties and durability characteristics of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and blended cement (silica fume and fly ash) concrete specimens prepared with electric arc furnace dust (EAFD). Concrete specimens were prepared with and without EAFD. In the silica fume cement concrete, silica fume constituted 8% of the total cementitious material while fly ash cement concrete contained 30% fly ash. EAFD was added as 2% replacement of cement in the OPC concrete and 2% replacement of the total cementitious content in the blended cement concretes. Mechanical properties, such as compressive strength, drying shrinkage, initial and final setting time, and slump retention were determined. The durability characteristics were evaluated by measuring water absorption, chloride permeability, and reinforcement corrosion. The initial and final setting time and slump retention increased due to the incorporation of EAFD in both OPC and blended cement concretes. The drying shrinkage of EAFD cement concrete specimens was more than that of concrete specimens without EAFD. The incorporation of EAFD was beneficial to OPC concrete in terms of strength gain while such a gain was not noted in the blended cement concretes. However, the strength differential between the blended cement concretes with EAFD and the corresponding concretes without EAFD was not that significant. The water absorption and chloride permeability, however, decreased due to the incorporation of EAFD in both the OPC and blended cement concretes. The corrosion resistance of OPC and blended cement concrete specimens increased due to the addition of EAFD.     

橡胶粉水泥混凝土性能试验的研究

通过掺人不同含量橡胶粉的水泥混凝土物理性能试验、各项力学性能试验和耐久性试验,发现不同掺量橡胶粉对水泥混凝土的工作性、表观密度、立方体抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、抗折强度、轴心抗压强度、极限应变和抗冻性等性能的变化情况,从而发现最佳橡胶粉的掺量范围,为进一步研究橡胶粉水泥混凝土特殊性能提供参考.     

Mechanical and durability properties of concretes containing paper-mill residuals and fly ash

The use of paper-mill residuals in concrete formulations was investigated as an alternative to landfill disposal. The mechanical and durability properties of concrete containing paper-mill residuals collected from a wastewater treatment-plant were evaluated. Class F fly ash was used as a replacement for Portland cement (PC) when incorporated into concrete mixtures containing paper-mill residuals and the resulting products were compared to normal concrete. Compressive, splitting tensile, flexural strength and drying shrinkage tests were carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties for up to 90 days. Rapid chloride-permeability tests and initial surface-absorption tests were carried out at 28 days to determine the durability properties. Concrete containing paper-mill residuals showed improvement in the durability test results when PC was replaced with class F fly ash.     

Effect of metakaolin and foundry sand on the near surface characteristics of concrete

This paper deals with the effect of foundry sand (FS) and metakaolin (MK) on the near surface characteristics of concrete. A control concrete having cement content 450 kg/m³ and w/c of 0.45 was designed. Cement was replaced with three percentages (5%, 10%, and 15%) of metakaolin weight, and fine aggregates were replaced with 20% foundry sand. Tests were conducted for initial surface absorption, sorptivity, water absorption and compressive strength at the ages of 35, 56, and 84 days.Test results indicated that with the increase in MK content from 5% to 15%, there was a decrease in the initial surface absorption, decrease in the sorptivity till 10% metakaolin replacement. But at 15% MK replacement an increase in sorptivity was observed. All mixtures showed low water absorption characteristic i.e. less than 10%. Compressive strength shared an inverse relation with sorptivity. Higher MK replacements of 15% are not helpful in improving inner core durability, even though it helps in improving surface durability characteristics. Inclusion of foundry sand resulted in reduction in compressive strength. This aspect cements the findings that addition of FS causes permeability of concrete to increase causing in an increase in sorptivity and water absorption of concrete.     

Properties of sustainable concrete containing fly ash,slag and recycled concrete aggregate

The suitability of using more “sustainable” concrete for wind turbine foundations and other applications involving large quantities of concrete was investigated. The approach taken was to make material substitutions so that the environmental, energy and CO₂-impact of concrete could be reduced. This was accomplished by partial replacement of cement with large volumes of fly ash or blast furnace slag and by using recycled concrete aggregate.Five basic concrete mixes were considered. These were: (1) conventional mix with no material substitutions, (2) 50% replacement of cement with fly ash, (3) 50% replacement of cement with blast furnace slag, (4) 70% replacement of cement with blast furnace slag and (5) 25% replacement of cement with fly ash and 25% replacement with blast furnace slag. Recycled concrete aggregate was investigated in conventional and slag-modified concretes. Properties investigated included compressive and tensile strengths, elastic modulus, coefficient of permeability and durability in chloride and sulphate solutions. It was determined that the mixes containing 50% slag gave the best overall performance. Slag was particularly beneficial for concrete with recycled aggregate and could reduce strength losses. Durability tests indicated slight increases in coefficient of permeability and chloride diffusion coefficient when using recycled concrete aggregate. However, values remained acceptable for durable concrete and the chloride diffusion coefficient was improved by incorporation of slag in the mix. Concrete with 50% fly ash had relatively poor performance for the materials and mix proportions used in this study and it is recommended that such mixes be thoroughly tested before use in construction projects.     

Strength properties and durability aspects of high strength concrete using Korean metakaolin

Metakaolin is a cementitious material used as admixture to produce high strength concrete. In Korea, the utilization of this material remained mainly limited to fireproof walls but began recently to find applications as a replacement for silica fume in the manufacture of high performance concrete.In order to evaluate and compare the mechanical properties and durability of concrete using metakaolin, the following tests were conducted on concrete specimens using various replacements of silica fume and metakaolin; mechanical tests such as compressive, tensile and flexural strength tests, durability tests like rapid chloride permeability test, immersion test in acid solution, repeated freezing and thawing test and accelerated carbonation test.Strength tests revealed that the most appropriate strength was obtained for a substitution rate of metakaolin to binder ranging between 10% and 15%. It was observed that the resistance to chloride ion penetration reduced significantly as the proportion of silica fume and metakaolin binders increased. The filler effect resulting from the fine powder of both binders was seen to ameliorate substantially the resistance to chemical attacks in comparison with ordinary concrete. Durability tests also verified that concrete using metakaolin bore most of the mechanical and durability characteristics exhibited by concrete using silica fume. The tests implemented in this study confirmed that metakaolin constitutes a promising material as a substitute for the cost prohibitive silica fume.     

Fly ash lightweight aggregates in high performance concrete

Lightweight aggregates have been manufactured by sintering fly ash and crushing the product into suitable sizes. These aggregates possess unique characteristics that make them suitable for high strength and high performance concrete. Concrete produced using these aggregates is around 22% lighter and at the same time 20% stronger than normal weight aggregate concrete. Drying shrinkage is around 33% less than that of normal weight concrete. Moreover, the aggregates possess high durability characteristics required in high performance structures. The importance of the new aggregates lies mostly in the fact that superior qualities are achieved without having to increase the cement content. Thus it is possible to reduce the amount of cement by as much as 20% without affecting the required strength. Weight reduction may reduce precast concrete transportation costs as well as provide slender and spacious construction. Utilising fly ash to produce quality aggregates should yield significant environmental benefits.     

High performance concrete containing lower slag amount: A complex view of mechanical and durability properties

A wide set of parameters of concrete containing 10% of ground granulated blast furnace slag as Portland cement replacement involving basic material characteristics, mechanical and fracture-mechanical properties, durability characteristics, hydric and thermal properties and chloride binding characteristics is determined and compared with the parameters of reference Portland cement concrete with otherwise the same composition. The experimental results show that the replacement of Portland cement by even such a low amount of ground granulated blast furnace slag as environmental more friendly and still valuable alternative binder either affects positively or at least does not worsen in a significant way the substantial properties of hardened concrete mix. The mechanical and fracture-mechanical properties are found to be very similar as compared to the reference mix, the liquid water transport parameters of the mix containing slag are significantly better, the basic durability characteristics such as the frost resistance and corrosion resistance similar and very good, the resistance against de-icing salts slightly worse. These findings may be significant for the future use of slag in the countries where its available amount is decreasing and its more efficient use as a binder than it was common to date can appear necessary.     

Reusing ceramic wastes in concrete

The ceramic industry is known to generate large amounts of calcined-clay wastes each year. So far a huge part is used in landfills. Reusing these wastes in concrete could be a win–win situation. For one hand by solving the ceramic industry waste problem and at the same time leading to a more sustainable concrete industry by reducing the use of non renewable resources like cement and aggregates and avoiding environmental problems related to land filled wastes. This paper examines the feasibility of using ceramic wastes in concrete. Results show that concrete with 20% cement replacement although it has a minor strength loss possess increase durability performance. Results also show that concrete mixtures with ceramic aggregates perform better than the control concrete mixtures concerning compressive strength, capillary water absorption, oxygen permeability and chloride diffusion thus leading to more durable concrete structures.     

Effects of the usage of diatomite and waste marble powder as partial replacement of cement on the mechanical properties of concrete

Diatomite is a pozzolanic material containing amorphous silica, cristabolite and minor amounts of residual minerals. Waste marble powder (WMP) is an inert material which is obtained as an industrial by product during sawing, shaping, and polishing of marble and causes a serious environmental problem. This paper describes the procedures and results of a laboratory investigation of mechanical properties carried out on the concrete specimens containing diatomite and WMP as partial replacement of cement in concrete. The laboratory work essentially consists of characterization of the raw and waste materials, preparation of concrete specimens with diatomite and WPM in different ratios by weight as replacement for cement and a superplasticizing admixture to reduce water demand and compression and flexural tests of the specimens. Test results indicated that the concrete specimens containing 10% diatomite, 5% WPM and 5% WPM +10% diatomite replacement by weight for cement had the best compressive and flexural strength and the replacement of cement with diatomite and WMP separately and together using a superplasticizing admixture could be utilized to improve the mechanical properties of the conventional concrete mixtures.     

Influence of physical and geometrical properties of granite and limestone aggregates on the durability of a C20/25 strength class concrete

This paper presents an experimental study to evaluate the influence of physical and geometrical properties of granite and limestone aggregates on the durability of a C20/25 strength class concrete. Different granite and limestone aggregates were collected from seven quarries. Physical, geometrical and mechanical properties of aggregates as well as the rock weathering state were quantify by several tests such as, abrasion, surface hardness, uniaxial compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, water absorption by capillarity, vacuum water absorption and oxygen permeability.

Using aggregates from each quarry, several C20/25 strength class concrete mixes have been produced, with the same workability and volume proportions. Concrete specimens have been cured under water for 90 days; after that time concrete durability parameters were obtained through tests such as, vacuum water absorption, capillarity water absorption, water permeability and oxygen permeability.

Relevant statistical correlations have been obtained between absorption and permeability test of rock material and rock deterioration state (weathering). Valid statistic correlation was also obtained between durability parameters as well as among aggregates geometrical properties and concrete durability parameters.     

Properties of cement kiln dust concrete

This paper reports results of a study conducted to assess the properties of cement kiln dust (CKD) blended cement concretes. Cement concrete specimens were prepared with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% CKD, replacing ASTM C 150 Type I and Type V. The mechanical properties of CKD concrete specimens were evaluated by measuring compressive strength and drying shrinkage while the durability characteristics were assessed by evaluating chloride permeability and electrical resistivity. The compressive strength of concrete specimens decreased with the quantity of CKD. However, there was no significant difference in the compressive strength of 0 and 5% CKD cement concretes. A similar trend was noted in the drying shrinkage strain. The chloride permeability increased and the electrical resistivity decreased due to the incorporation of CKD. The performance of concrete with 5% CKD was almost similar to that of concrete without CKD. Therefore, it is suggested to limit the amount of CKD in concrete to 5% since the chloride permeability and electrical resistivity data indicated that the chances of reinforcement corrosion would increase with 10% and 15% CKD.     

C45铁铝酸盐水泥混凝土制备与性能研究

针对铁铝酸盐水泥快硬、低收缩与高耐蚀特性,结合结构工程对铁铝酸盐水泥混凝土的需求,采用缓凝型聚羧酸减水剂制备C45铁铝酸盐水泥混凝土,并探索其力学性能与耐久性能。结果表明,C45铁铝酸盐水泥混凝土拌合物性能良好,出机坍落度215mm,90min损失仅为10mm,凝结时间可保证施工。28d抗压强度达到C50强度等级,84d电通量低至169C,28d开裂指数35%,耐久性能优于普通硅酸盐水泥混凝土。     

浸-烘循环作用下橡胶水泥混凝土的性能研究

通过试验,研究了橡胶水泥混凝土在水或Na2SO4／NaCl复合盐溶液中长期浸泡以及在常温浸泡、55℃烘干的浸-烘循环作用下其相对动弹性模量、抗压强度、抗弯强度的变化以及混凝土中的氯离子浓度分布,分析了橡胶水泥混凝土性能劣化的机理．研究表明：橡胶水泥混凝土长期浸泡在水或复合盐溶液中的性能与对比混凝土相当,但在浸-烘循环作用下,橡胶水泥混凝土的性能随循环次数的增加逐渐劣化,复合盐溶液的作用又进一步加剧了橡胶水泥混凝土性能的劣化．因此,橡胶水泥混凝土不宜应用于长期处于干湿交替、干热或有硫酸盐腐蚀的环境中．     

利用海砂制备高性能混凝土试验研究

研究了细集料砂对水泥胶砂性能的影响,并以海砂为细骨料制备高性能混凝土,分别进行了C60、C100等级海砂高性能混凝土工作性能、力学性能以及耐久性能试验研究。结果表明:海砂水泥胶砂抗压强度比河砂低,但是抗折强度要高于河砂;海砂制备同等级高性能混凝土的工作性、28 d抗压强度及劈裂抗拉强度要优于天然河砂,且早期强度发展迅速;采用电通量法和NEL法评价的氯离子渗透性都处于很低的水平,为海砂混凝土的研究与应用提供了研究基础,为制定海砂混凝土应用技术规范提供重要参考。