Predicting the core compressive strength of self-compacting concrete (SCC) mixtures with mineral additives using artificial neural network

In this study, an artificial neural networks study was carried out to predict the core compressive strength of self-compacting concrete (SCC) mixtures with mineral additives. This study is based on the determination of the variation of core compressive strength, water absorption and unit weight in curtain wall elements. One conventional concrete (vibrated concrete) and six different self-compacting concrete (SCC) mixtures with mineral additives were prepared. SCC mixtures were produced as control concrete (without mineral additives), moreover fly ash and limestone powder were used with two different replacement ratios (15% and 30%) of cement and marble powder was used with 15% replacement ratio of cement. SCC mixtures were compared to conventional concrete according to the variation of compressive strength, water absorption and unit weight. It can be seen from this study, self-compacting concretes consolidated by its own weight homogeneously in the narrow reinforcement construction elements. Experimental results were also obtained by building models according to artificial neural network (ANN) to predict the core compressive strength. ANN model is constructed, trained and tested using these data. The results showed that ANN can be an alternative approach for the predicting the core compressive strength of self-compacting concrete (SCC) mixtures with mineral additives.     

粉煤灰对高性能混凝土强度的影响

探讨了粉煤灰在高性能混凝土中的活性效应及作用机理。通过试验研究得出,当水胶比为０．３５以下时,在水泥砂浆中掺入３０％粉煤灰,其强度比可达到０．９５以上;在混凝土中掺入５０％粉煤灰,其抗压强度可达到６０ＭＰａ以上,可见粉煤灰在高性能混凝土中能发挥较好的活性效应。     

钢纤维增强粉煤灰自密实混凝土力学性能

采用粉煤灰取代40％水泥来制备粉煤灰自密实混凝土(SCC),研究其工作性、基本力学性能和轴压变形性能随钢纤维体积分数的变化规律.结果表明:粉煤灰SCC的工作性随钢纤维体积分数的增加而降低,当钢纤维体积分数大于0.75％时,粉煤灰SCC的工作性降幅最大;钢纤维体积分数对粉煤灰SCC抗压强度的影响不明显,但能够显著改善其劈...     

Effect of recycling hospital ash on the compressive properties of concrete: statistical assessment and predicting model

The compressive strength of mixtures made with bottom and fly hospital ash are compared statistically with those of microsilica and conventional concretes in order to evaluate the effectiveness of reusing hospital incinerator ash. Results showed that the concrete cubes recipe and temperature influence the compressive strength values. Generally, the use of microsilica or fly ash, as cement replacement, of 5% by mass increases the compressive strength of concrete at temperatures up to 800°C. Bottom ash did not achieve any increase in strength when used as cement replacement at all percentages.Finally, artificial neural network (ANN) analysis was conducted to study the practicability of using the ANN theoretical model as a prediction tool. The results showed that a one hidden layer back propagation algorithm could produce reasonable outputs that coincide with the experimental results after proper training.     

高性能混凝土轴心抗压静载与疲劳强度

在完成掺有粉煤灰、粉煤灰和磨细矿渣、粉煤灰和聚丙烯纤维3类高性能混凝土轴心抗压静载强度试验基础上，分析了高性能混凝土抗压静载强度的概率分布模型．基于文献研究成果，推导出了高性能混凝土疲劳寿命概率分布和疲劳强度表达式．最后，通过研究不同掺和料对高性能混凝土轴心抗压静载强度均值和方差的影响，利用疲劳强度计算公式，对比分析了不同掺和料高性能混凝土在高、低应力比之下的疲劳强度变化规律．     

大掺量粉煤灰混凝土铺装强度性能的试验研究

高粉煤灰在道路路面铺装用混凝土中的掺入量,对水泥取代率30%以上的大掺量粉煤灰混凝土的强度性能指标进行了测评。重点对影响道路铺装设计的基础参数,混凝土抗弯强度进行了长期检测分析。结果表明:混凝土在掺入了粉煤灰后,28 d后期抗弯强度较普通混凝土增长显著,截止一年期测试结束后仍有增加趋势;其抗弯强度增长率随着粉煤灰掺入量的增大而提高,且高于同种配合条件下粉煤灰混凝土抗压强度的增长率;大掺量粉煤灰混凝土满足材料抗弯强度要求,适用于道路路面铺装工程。     

Evaluation of strength at early ages of self-compacting concrete with high volume fly ash

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) demands large amount of powder content and fines for its cohesiveness and ability to flow with out bleeding and segregation. In the present investigation, part of this powder is replaced with high volume fly ash based on a rational mix design method developed by the authors. Because of high fly ash content, it is essential to study the development of strength at early ages of curing which may prove to be a significant factor for the removal of formwork. Rate of gain in strength at different periods of curing such as 12 h, 18 h, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, 21 days and 28 days are studied for various grades of different SCC mixes and suitable relations have been established for the gain in strength at the early ages in comparison to the conventional concrete of same grades. Relations have also been formulated for compressive strength and split tensile strength for different grades of SCC mixes.     

颗粒细度与粉煤灰水泥胶砂性能的关系

将原状粉煤灰进行粉磨,然后用勃氏法测其比表面积,用SEM分析其颗粒形貌.采用灰色关联分析方法研究了粉煤灰和水泥颗粒细度与粉煤灰水泥胶砂性能的关系.研究表明:选择具有优异颗粒形貌的粉煤灰和水泥是配制高性能粉煤灰混凝土的首要步骤;通过适当提高粉煤灰颗粒细度,适当降低水泥颗粒细度,可以使粉煤灰混凝土获得较高的抗压和抗折强度;通过适当提高粉煤灰颗粒细度,可以减少混凝土拌和用水量,提高混凝土流动性.     

利用粉煤灰开发高性能混凝土若干问题的探讨

现行规范对粉煤灰作为一般结构混凝土掺合料的品质和掺量有严格限制。通过实验研究和工程例证的分析表明：在低水胶比条件下,大掺量粉煤灰可明显改善大体积混凝土的性能,并可改善其温升－强度关系;在进行混凝土配合比设计时应将为煤灰作为独立组分考虑。提高粉煤灰利用水平,是发展绿色高性能混凝土的重要途径。     

Compressive strength and stability of sustainable self-consolidating concrete containing fly ash,silica fume,and GGBS

This paper presents the findings of an experimental program seeking to understand the effect of mineral admixtures on fresh and hardened properties of sustainable self-consolidating concrete (SCC) mixes where up to 80% of Portland cement was replaced with fly ash, silica fume, or ground granulated blast furnace slag. Compressive strength of SCC mixes was measured after 3, 7, and 28 days of moist curing. It was concluded in this study that increasing the dosage of fly ash increases concrete flow but also decreases segregation resistance. In addition, for the water-to-cement ratio of 0.36 used in this study, it was observed that the compressive strength decreases compared to control mix after 28 days of curing when cement was partially replaced by 10%, 30%, and 40%of fly ash. However, a fly ash replacement ratio of 20% increased the compressive strength by a small margin compared to the control mix. Replacing cement with silica fume at 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% was found to increase compressive strength of SCC mixes compared to the control mix. However, the highest 28 day compressive strength of 95.3 MPa occurred with SCC mixes in which 15% of the cement was replaced with silica fume.     

矿物掺合料对高性能混凝土耐久性的影响

研究了粉煤灰、矿渣粉的不同掺入方式对高性能混凝土(HPC)抗氯离子渗透性能及抗冻性能的影响。结果表明:在相同水胶比条件下,随着矿物掺合料掺量的增加,HPC的抗压强度逐渐降低;掺入适量的矿物掺合料可有效降低HPC的电通量,改善抗氯离子渗透性能;当矿物掺合料掺量为40%,且粉煤灰和矿渣粉质量复掺比例为3∶1时,HPC在28 d与84 d的电通量分别为641.6 C和380.5 C;在水胶比及含气量不变的情况下,随着矿物掺合料掺量的增加,HPC的抗冻性能逐渐变差,而未掺矿物掺合料的HPC抗冻性能最好,抗冻等级为F200。     

免振高性能混凝土力学性能及耐久性研究

采用超细磨粉煤灰和复合高效减水剂双掺技术研制出了Ｃ６０～Ｃ８０免振高性能混凝土,在优选了免振高性能混凝土配合比主要设计参数的基础上,对免振与振捣成型的高性能混凝土的抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、抗折强度、弹性模量、抗冻性能、干综性能等进行了对比试验研究。结果表明：免振高性能混缔造人有优异的物理力学性能及耐久性。     

Self-compacting concrete with different levels of pulverized fuel ash

This research investigated self-compacting concrete (SCC) with levels of up to 80% cement replacement by fly ash in mixes adjusted to give constant fresh concrete properties. The hardened concrete and the relationships between hardened properties were then studied.The results show that SCC with up 80% cement replaced by fly ash is possible. To keep the filling ability constant, replacement of cement with fly ash would require an increase in water/powder (W/P) ratio and a reduction in superplasticiser dosage. They also show fly ash have negative effects on passing ability, consistence retention and hardened concrete properties such as strength. The comparison between SCC and normally vibrated concrete (NVC) shows that their material properties of are similar. The successful completion of this project can lead to the use of higher volume fly ash in SCC.     

纳米SiO2掺量对大掺量粉煤灰砂浆力学及收缩性能影响研究

粉煤灰是混凝土重要的辅助胶凝材料,在混凝土中应用广泛。然而,为避免对混凝土抗压强度产生较大影响,粉煤灰掺量一直较低。为促进粉煤灰在混凝土,特别是(超)高性能混凝土中的应用,研究了不同纳米SiO2掺量对大掺量粉煤灰砂浆(HFAM)力学及收缩性能的影响。研究结果表明,纳米SiO2可显著地提高HFAM抗压强度,掺量越大,则提高幅度越高。然而,在显著地增强HFAM抗压强度的同时,纳米SiO2也大幅提高了其自收缩,改变了自收缩发展规律,并引发了较大干缩变形。     

双掺粉煤灰和矿渣混凝土强度的BP网络预测模型

双掺粉煤灰和矿渣混凝土的强度发展机理复杂,不能用传统的水灰比线性函数来预测,利用BP神经网络模型来预测其3、28和56d的抗压强度.结果表明:BP神经网络具有较强的非线性映射能力,预测结果比较理想,可以指导实际工程;早龄期的混凝土强度预测值与实测值之间的误差较大,随着粉煤灰和矿渣的二次水化反应逐渐充分,强度发展趋于规律化,预测误差相应变小.     

Deep neural network with high‐order neuron for the prediction of foamed concrete strength

The article presents a deep neural network model for the prediction of the compressive strength of foamed concrete. A new, high‐order neuron was developed for the deep neural network model to improve the performance of the model. Moreover, the cross‐entropy cost function and rectified linear unit activation function were employed to enhance the performance of the model. The present model was then applied to predict the compressive strength of foamed concrete through a given data set, and the obtained results were compared with other machine learning methods including conventional artificial neural network (C‐ANN) and second‐order artificial neural network (SO‐ANN). To further validate the proposed model, a new data set from the laboratory and a given data set of high‐performance concrete were used to obtain a higher degree of confidence in the prediction. It is shown that the proposed model obtained a better prediction, compared to other methods. In contrast to C‐ANN and SO‐ANN, the proposed model can genuinely improve its performance when training a deep neural network model with multiple hidden layers. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of the input variables on the compressive strength. The results indicated that the compressive strength of foamed concrete is greatly affected by density, followed by the water‐to‐cement and sand‐to‐cement ratios. By providing a reliable prediction tool, the proposed model can aid researchers and engineers in mixture design optimization of foamed concrete.     

超细粉煤灰高性能混凝土的力学性能

研究了由电收尘气流分选工艺收集的超细粉煤灰对高性能混凝土力学性能的影响;采用多元回归分析方法研究了影响超细粉煤灰高性能混凝土不同龄期抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度的因素．试验结果表明：超细粉煤灰的掺入改善了混凝土的力学性能,并使混凝土的长期抗压强度稳定增长．与同强度等级的普通混凝土相比,超细粉煤灰高性能混凝土的钢筋握裹力有所提高,干缩和徐变降低,而抗剪强度则与之接近,应力—应变曲线与之类似．     

神经网络法在混凝土强度研究中的应用

讨论了如何应用人工神经网络（ANN）的方法预测混凝土抗压强度,详细论述了采用BP算法建立混凝土抗压强度神经网络模型的过程,以及在活化剂作用下高掺量粉煤灰混凝土的强度效应,仿真结果表明,通过学习,BP网络可成功地建立非线性的强度模型,预测强度可达到较高精度。     

Accelerated engineering properties of high and low volume fly ash concretes reinforced with glued steel fibers

The present study focuses on the improvement of pozzolanic reaction of fly ash particles with the cement hydration products. Low and high volume fly ash concrete mixtures were studied systematically with the addition of accelerating admixtures and accelerated curing of the concrete specimens in a steam chamber for 18 h at 75°C. Also, the reinforcing effects of glued steel fibers addition on the compressive and flexural performance of fly ash concrete were investigated. The test results indicated that the addition of accelerator improved the rate of hardening and the inclusion of steel fibers provided higher flexural performance. Also, it can be noted that the high volume fly ash (50%) addition in concrete showed a reduction in strength; however, the addition of accelerator has compensated the deceleration in strength gain. The proper selection of concrete ingredients, addition of accelerator and initial steam curing for 18 h showed better improvement on the engineering properties in fly ash concrete. A maximum increase (41.7%) in compressive strength of fly ash concrete around 52.90 MPa was noticed for 25% fly ash substitution and 1.5% steel fibers addition. Dynamic elastic modulus was also calculated in loaded concrete specimen using ultrasonic pulse velocity test and showed a good agreement with the experimental value.     

掺粉煤灰复合超细粉高性能混凝土的性能

对掺粉煤灰复合超细粉砂浆和高性能混凝土的性能进行了研究,结果表明,以３０％～７０％（质量分数）的粉煤灰复合超细粉等量取代水泥,可使水泥浆体的凝结时间延长,并能配制出Ｃ７０～Ｃ８０的高性能混凝土,且混凝土拌合物具有较小的坍落度损失。