藏文语义词典建设中语义关系抽取方法的研究

研究语义是当前人工智能、语义网、语义词典等研究领域的热点,它可以有效支持机器翻译和自然语言处理等技术.文章根据藏文独特的文法特性,运用藏文逻辑格和计算语言学知识,在保留藏文原有特点的基础上,为藏文语义关系抽取方法建立较完整的语义场,以此为藏文语义词典建设提供了基础性构建方法.     

资源环境数学模型语义的解析与映射

针对资源环境系统的开放性、复杂性和易变性特点,将模型表达划分为要素集、关系集和运算集（ERO集合）;采用数学公式语义描述关系集,计算组件的迟绑定,实现模型的语义映射。通过与模型类模型实例的模型表达比较说明,模型的数学公式语义表达增强了资源环境模型库管理系统（REMMS）的用户友好性,涵盖了更多的模型关系集,避免了重复构建模型类模块;语义的动态映射实现了模型的关系集和运算集的解耦合,使得模型计算集不依赖关系集,计算实现可被不同模型共享和重组。     

Artificial intelligence in education: an exploration

The research field of Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED) embraces a wide diversity of research interests. Psychology, education and cognitive science are strongly represented, alongside computer science and artificial intelligence. A key interest is in modelling, especially of learning processes and cognition. This paper gives a brief outline of the development of AIED, and examples of current issues and projects. The 'AI' in the title may give a misleading picture of a research field that is in fact dynamic and broad, with many links to the classroom.     

基于贝叶斯网络的概念间语义相似度计算

概念间语义相似度研究是知识表示和信息检索领域中的一个重要内容,也是自然语言处理研究的重要组成部分,是人工智能领域中一个亟待解决的问题。本文在本体的基础上,对传统的相似度计算模型进行改进,提出一种基于贝叶斯网络的概率推理方法,改进概念间语义距离的计算,从而提高了语义相似度计算模型的效果;同时采用D-分离的方法,解决了在推理过中的计算复杂性。     

A hybrid approach for measuring semantic similarity based on IC-weighted path distance in WordNet

As a valuable tool for text understanding, semantic similarity measurement enables discriminative semantic-based applications in the fields of natural language processing, information retrieval, computational linguistics and artificial intelligence. Most of the existing studies have used structured taxonomies such as WordNet to explore the lexical semantic relationship, however, the improvement of computation accuracy is still a challenge for them. To address this problem, in this paper, we propose a hybrid WordNet-based approach CSSM-ICSP to measuring concept semantic similarity, which leverage the information content(IC) of concepts to weight the shortest path distance between concepts. To improve the performance of IC computation, we also develop a novel model of the intrinsic IC of concepts, where a variety of semantic properties involved in the structure of WordNet are taken into consideration. In addition, we summarize and classify the technical characteristics of previous WordNet-based approaches, as well as evaluate our approach against these approaches on various benchmarks. The experimental results of the proposed approaches are more correlated with human judgment of similarity in term of the correlation coefficient, which indicates that our IC model and similarity detection approach are comparable or even better for semantic similarity measurement as compared to others.     

软件定义的犯罪现场分析过程及其知识自动化方案*

犯罪现场分析是一个从痕迹到心理(生理)的结果回溯过程,是查明犯罪、证实犯罪的起点和基础,也是侦查破案的核心关键.借鉴近年来复杂系统相关理论和方法在众多领域的成功应用和良好成效,构建基于复杂系统的犯罪现场分析模型框架.从软件定义的系统和流程角度介绍基于人工社会、计算实验、平行执行(简称ACP)方法的犯罪现场平行系统模型构建的基本思想、框架体系和主要方法.从平行系统的角度阐述知识自动化在犯罪现场分析过程中的重要作用.     

GSAM: A deep neural network model for extracting computational representations of Chinese addresses fused with geospatial feature

Addresses are one of the most important geographical reference systems in natural languages. In China, due to the relatively backward address planning, there are a large number of non-standard addresses. This kind of unstructured text makes the management and application of Chinese addresses much more difficult. However, by extracting the computational representations of addresses, it can be structured and its related applications can be extended more conveniently. Therefore, this paper utilizes a deep neural language model from natural language processing (NLP) to automatically extract computational representations through an unsupervised address language model (ALM), which is trained in an unsupervised way and is suitable for a large-scale address corpus. We propose a solution to fuse addresses and geospatial features and construct a geospatial-semantic address model (GSAM) that supports a variety of downstream tasks. Our proposed GSAM constructing process consists of three phases. First, we build an ALM using bidirectional encoder representations from Transformers (BERT) to learn the addresses' semantic representations. Then, the fusion clustering results of the semantic and geospatial information are obtained by a high-dimensional clustering algorithm. Finally, we construct the GSAM based on the fused clustering results using novel fine-tuning techniques. Furthermore, we apply the extracted computational representation from GSAM to the address location prediction task. The experimental results indicate that the target task accuracy of the ALM is 90.79%, and the result of semantic geospatial fusion clustering strongly correlates with fine-grained urban neighbourhood area division. The GSAM can accurately identify clustering labels and the values of evaluation metrics are all above 0.96. We also demonstrate that our model outperforms purely ALM-based and word2vec-based models by address location prediction task.     

城市客运交通枢纽平行系统体系研究

城市客运交通枢纽系统是一个典型的复杂巨系统, 传统的管理方法难以形成具有动态适应能力的有效解决方案. 运用复杂系统研究中的ACP (人工系统、计算机实验、平行执行)方法, 首次给出城市客运交通枢纽平行控制与管理系统研究框架. 以该框架为基础, 首先,分析了人工交通枢纽系统中模型的构成及支撑条件; 进而对人工交通枢纽系统计算实验中涉及的实验场景设计、实验内容设计进行了详细阐述; 最后,对人工交通枢纽系统平行执行内容进行了说明. 该体系框架的提出, 对于城市客运交通枢纽管控水平的提高具有重要指导意义.     

基于句式与句模对应规则的语义角色标注

大规模语义角色标注语料库的构建可以为计算机理解自然语言的语义提供有用的训练数据。该文主要研究服务于语义角色标注语料库构建的语义角色标注规则。在人工语义角色标注的基础上,分析句式和句模的对应关系,并总结出一套基于句式的语义角色标注规则,在测试集上达到78.73%的正确率。基于上述规则,可以在构建语义角色标注语料库时完成自动标注的工作,标注人员在此基础上进行人工校对,可有效地减少工作量。     

A first-order coalition logic for BDI-agents

Coalition logic (CL) enables us to model the strategic abilities and specify what a group of agents can achieve whatever the other agents do. However, some rational mental attitudes of the agents are beyond the scope of CL such as the prestigious beliefs, desires and intentions (BDI) which is an interesting and useful epistemic notion and has spawned substantial amount of studies in multi-agent systems. In this paper, we introduce a first-order coalition BDI (FCBDI) logic for multi-agent systems, which provides a semantic glue that allows the formal embedding and interaction of BDI, coalition and temporal operators in a first-order language. We further introduce a semantic model based on the interpreted system model and present an axiomatic system that is proved sound and complete with respect to the semantics. Finally, it is shown that the computational complexity of its model checking in finite structures is PSPACE-complete.     

基于遗传算法的词语语义相似度计算研究

语义相似度计算就是把词语间语言学上的信息映射为0到1之间的数值.基于知识本体的语义相似度计算方法,利用知识本体提供的信息,建立词语关系和语义相似度之间的函数关系,该方法可解释性强、使用简单,成为语义相似度计算的一类重要方法.提出了一种基于《同义词词林》的语义相似度计算模型,该模型运用遗传算法探索了《同义词词林》语义编码...     

Sense abstractness, semantic activation, and word sense disambiguation

Concrete concepts are often easier to understand than abstract concepts. The notion of abstractness is thus closely tied to the organisation of our semantic memory, and more specifically our internal lexicon, which underlies our word sense disambiguation (WSD) mechanisms. State-of-the-art automatic WSD systems often draw on a variety of contextual cues and assign word senses by an optimal combination of statistical classifiers. The validity of various lexico-semantic resources as models of our internal lexicon and the cognitive aspects pertinent to the lexical sensitivity of WSD are seldom questioned. We attempt to address these issues by examining psychological evidence of the internal lexicon and its compatibility with the information available from computational lexicons. In particular, we compare the responses from a word association task against existing lexical resources, WordNet and SUMO, to explore the relation between sense abstractness and semantic activation, and thus the implications on semantic network models and the lexical sensitivity of WSD. Our results suggest that concrete senses are more readily activated than abstract senses, and broad associations are more easily triggered than narrow paradigmatic associations. The results are expected to inform the construction of lexico-semantic resources and WSD strategies.     

Computational humor

In an effort to focus on tractable problems, computational natural language understanding systems have typically addressed language phenomena that are amenable to combinatorial approaches using static and stereotypical semantic representations. Although such approaches are adequate for much of language, they're not easily extended to capture humans' more creative language interpretation capacities. This paper proposes a model of humor comprehension based on frame-shifting within a simulation-based natural-language-understanding system.     

基于突出特征的类比联想

本文提出了由语义诱发、突出相似和相似优先原则组成的类比联想原理，并在此基础上设计了相应的计算模型，该计算模型类比联想分为诱发和确认两个阶段，近联想和远联想两个层次，实例分析表明本文的原理和计算模型是合理的，相应系统的性能优越于同类系统。     

Assessing aspects of reading by a connectionist model

Anthropocentrism of computational systems is totally justified when the task concerns to natural language. Computational linguistics systems usually rely on mathematical and statistical formalisms, which are efficient and useful but far from human procedures and therefore not so skilled. The presented work proposes a computational model of natural language reading, called cognitive reading indexing model (CRIM), inspired by some aspects of human cognition, trying to become as psychologically plausible as possible. The model relies on a semantic neural network and it produces nets of activated concepts as text representations. The experimental evaluation shows that the system is suitable to model human reading, and it provides a framework to validate and assess hypothesis concerning reading from other cognitive science fields.     

The use of computational intelligence in intrusion detection systems: A review

Intrusion detection based upon computational intelligence is currently attracting considerable interest from the research community. Characteristics of computational intelligence (CI) systems, such as adaptation, fault tolerance, high computational speed and error resilience in the face of noisy information, fit the requirements of building a good intrusion detection model. Here we want to provide an overview of the research progress in applying CI methods to the problem of intrusion detection. The scope of this review will encompass core methods of CI, including artificial neural networks, fuzzy systems, evolutionary computation, artificial immune systems, swarm intelligence, and soft computing. The research contributions in each field are systematically summarized and compared, allowing us to clearly define existing research challenges, and to highlight promising new research directions. The findings of this review should provide useful insights into the current IDS literature and be a good source for anyone who is interested in the application of CI approaches to IDSs or related fields.     

面向司法案件的案情知识图谱自动构建

以法学知识为中心的认知智能是当前司法人工智能发展的重要方向。该文提出了以自然语言处理(NLP)为核心技术的司法案件案情知识图谱自动构建技术。以预训练模型为基础,对涉及的实体识别和关系抽取这两个NLP基本任务进行了模型研究与设计。针对实体识别任务,对比研究了两种基于预训练的实体识别模型;针对关系抽取任务,该文提出融合平移嵌入的多任务联合的语义关系抽取模型,同时获得了结合上下文的案情知识表示学习。在“机动车交通事故责任纠纷”案由下,和基准模型相比,实体识别的F₁值可提升0.36,关系抽取的F₁值提升高达2.37。以此为基础,该文设计了司法案件的案情知识图谱自动构建流程,实现了对数十万份判决书案情知识图谱的自动构建,为类案精准推送等司法人工智能应用提供语义支撑。     

PGSW-OS: a novel approach for resource management in a semantic web operating system based on a P2P grid architecture

A web operating system is an operating system that users can access from any hardware at any location. A peer-to-peer (P2P) grid uses P2P communication for resource management and communication between nodes in a grid and manages resources locally in each cluster, and this provides a proper architecture for a web operating system. Use of semantic technology in web operating systems is an emerging field that improves the management and discovery of resources and services. In this paper, we propose PGSW-OS (P2P grid semantic Web OS), a model based on a P2P grid architecture and semantic technology to improve resource management in a web operating system through resource discovery with the aid of semantic features. Our approach integrates distributed hash tables (DHTs) and semantic overlay networks to enable semantic-based resource management by advertising resources in the DHT based upon their annotations to enable semantic-based resource matchmaking. Our model includes ontologies and virtual organizations. Our technique decreases the computational complexity of searching in a web operating system environment. We perform a simulation study using the Gridsim simulator, and our experiments show that our model provides enhanced utilization of resources, better search expressiveness, scalability, and precision.     

面向智能驾驶的平行视觉感知：基本概念、框架与应用

目的 视觉感知技术是智能车系统中的一项关键技术,但是在复杂挑战下如何有效提高视觉性能已经成为智能驾驶领域的重要研究内容。本文将人工社会（artificial societies）、计算实验（computational experiments）和平行执行（parallel execution）构成的ACP方法引入智能驾驶的视觉感知领域,提出了面向智能驾驶的平行视觉感知,解决了视觉模型合理训练和评估问题,有助于智能驾驶进一步走向实际应用。方法 平行视觉感知通过人工子系统组合来模拟实际驾驶场景,构建人工驾驶场景使之成为智能车视觉感知的“计算实验室”;借助计算实验两种操作模式完成视觉模型训练与评估;最后采用平行执行动态优化视觉模型,保障智能驾驶对复杂挑战的感知与理解长期有效。结果 实验表明,目标检测的训练阶段虚实混合数据最高精度可达60.9%,比单纯用KPC（包括：KITTI（Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and Toyota Technological Institute）,PASCAL VOC（pattern analysis,statistical modelling and computational learning visual object classes）和MS COCO（Microsoft common objects in context））数据和虚拟数据分别高出17.9%和5.3%;在评估阶段相较于基准数据,常规任务（-30°且垂直移动）平均精度下降11.3%,环境任务（雾天）平均精度下降21.0%,困难任务（所有挑战）平均精度下降33.7%。结论 本文为智能驾驶设计和实施了在实际驾驶场景难以甚至无法进行的视觉计算实验,对复杂视觉挑战进行分析和评估,具备加强智能车在行驶过程中感知和理解周围场景的意义。