Borosilicate Glass‐Induced Fiber Degradation of SiC/BN/SiC Composites Exposed in Combustion Environments

Three SiC/BN/SiC composite specimens reinforced with different SiC fibers (Sylramic, Sylramic‐iBN, and Hi‐Nicalon Type S) were exposed in a combustion environment. Exposures were carried out for 151 h in a fuel‐lean high pressure burner rig at 0.9 MPa total pressure, sample temperatures near 1573 K, and a gas velocity of 15 m/s. Weight loss of all three composites was observed. Extensive oxidation of SiC fibers was observed in cracked locations. A mechanism based on borosilicate enhanced oxidation coupled with volatilization of boria is described. Ramifications of this degradation mechanism are discussed for long‐term applications of SiC/BN/SiC composites in combustion environments.     

Air Jet Erosion Studies on Mg/SiC Composite

Magnesium with 10% SiC is identified to be a suitable composition for wear resistance application. To improve the utilization of this composite for various industrial applications, erosion study has been conducted by using air jet erosion tester with varied machining conditions. The composite is prepared by a conventional stir casting process. Alumina is taken as an erodent particle. Impact angle, erosion velocity, and discharge rate are taken as the governing parameters of erosion rate. Lower impact angle and high erodent velocity yield to have a high erosion rate of 0.022 g/min with the least surface finish of 1.48 μm. Erosion velocity is found to have a significant effect of 59% over the other considered parameters. Further, the analysis of the surface profile parameters likely; Ssk, Sku, Sp, Sv, and Sa on the machined surface reveals the mechanism of the material removal and also, the surface defects are analyzed by using SEM image.     

Residual Strength Prediction of SiC/SiC Composite Exposed to Service Environments with Factor Analysis Method

The residual strength prediction of thermal structural materials exposed to different service environments can be conducted using a factor analysis method. As an example, the residual flexural strengths of a 3D silicon carbide (SiC)/SiC composite exposed to vacuum, Ar–O₂, and Ar–O₂–H₂O atmospheres, respectively, were predicted in the present study. The residual strength of the composite was expressed as a function of environmental factors. By analyzing the partial changes of strength of the composite from individual environmental factors, the residual strength of the composite exposed to service environments can be calculated according to the sum of the partial changes of strength. This factor analysis method was useful to illustrate trends of residual flexural strength of 3D SiC/SiC exposed to service environments.     

热处理对SiC/Al复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用热压法制备了SiC(10～30wt%)/Al复合材料,并研究热处理前后复合材料与钢球对磨的摩擦磨损规律。结果表明:热处理显著降低了复合材料的摩擦系数,平均降幅为25%;同时还减少了复合材料的磨损率,低(15wt%以下)、高(20wt%以上)SiC含量的复合材料的平均降幅分别为38%和60%。载荷超过5 N后,高SiC(20wt%以上)含量的复合材料热处理后的磨损率大幅降低,7 N时,30wt%SiC/Al复合材料的磨损率可达到1.14×10-3 mm3/m,说明高含量SiC/Al复合材料在大应力作用下的耐摩擦磨损场合具有良好的适应性。     

High-Load Friction Behavior of a Hinge Bearing Based on a Carbon/Silicon Carbide Composite

Two-dimensional carbon fiber-reinforced silicon carbide matrix (C/SiC) composites used for hinge bearing were prepared by chemical vapor infiltration. The testing and results of unlubricated friction behavior of hinge bearing under high-load transmitting motion was investigated. The effects of load on friction behavior between different sliding couple were analyzed. Finally, worn surfaces and debris were observed by scanning electron microscopy to study the wear mechanism. A constant friction coefficient between self-mated C/SiC composites of 0.68 was obtained on increasing load up to about 5800 N. Excellent wear resistance and load-carrying ability was demonstrated by low wear and especially small deformation.     

Evaluation of Macroscopic and Local Strains in a Three-Dimensional Woven C/SiC Composite

Engineering tests and full-field strain measurements are used to assess the accuracy of predictions made by the Binary Model, a computational tool for textile composites. The test case is a carbon fiber/SiC matrix composite, in which the reinforcement is a three-dimensional angle-interlock weave. The test composites are thin, having been designed for heat exchanger applications. The thinness leads to strong variations in local strains and strong effects of tow waviness upon macroscopic elasticity. The model performs well in predicting both local variations in strain and macroscopic elasticity. The effect of averaging local strains over variable gauge lengths is explored. Strains averaged over an appropriate gauge length have recently been proposed as the preferred measures of strain for use in local failure criteria.     

Effects of Preform Shear on Tensile Properties of a Woven C/SiC Composite

This article addresses effects of weave defects in an angle‐interlock C‐fiber preform on the tensile properties of the resulting fully processed C‐fiber/SiC‐matrix composite. For this purpose, a preform was intentionally sheared in a controlled manner after weaving. The resulting distortions were quantified by analyzing high‐resolution images of the preform surface after the first step of matrix processing, while the tows were still clearly visible. Comparisons are made of tensile test results on specimens cut from this composite panel and from a pristine panel in select loading orientations. Strain maps obtained by digital image correlation are used to identify local strain variations that are attributable to weave defects. The results are discussed in terms of: (i) the shear‐normal coupling that arises in loading orientations of present interest, and (ii) the geometric effects of tow misalignment on tow continuity along the specimen gauge length. The composite is found to perform in a robust manner, in the sense that the tensile properties are not sensitive to the presence of the defects.     

Interfacial Bond Strength in SiC/C/SiC Composite Materials, As Studied by Single-Fiber Push-Out Tests

The interfacial characteristics of SiC/C/SiC composites with different fiber-coating bond strengths have been investigated using single-fiber push-out tests. Previous studies have shown that weak or strong bonds can be obtained by using as-received or treated fibers, respectively, and that the stress-strain behavior is improved with the treated fibers. This effect results from multiple branching of the cracks within the interphase. The model used to extract interfacial characteristics from nanoindentation and microindentation tests does not consider the presence of an interphase. However, the results highlight the significant effect of the interphase on the interfacial parameters, as well as the effect of roughness along the sliding surfaces. For the composite with treated fibers, the uncommon upward curvature of the push-out curves is related to different modes of crack propagation in the interphase. Different techniques are required to analyze the interfacial properties, such as nanoindentation and microindentation with push-out and push-back tests.     

Combustion Synthesis of Si3N4–SiC Composite Powders

Fine Si₃N₄-SiC composite powders were synthesized in various SiC compositions to 46 vol% by nitriding combustion of silicon and carbon. The powders were composed of α-Si₃N₄, β-Si₃N₄, and β-SiC. The reaction analysis suggested that the SiC formation is assisted by the high reaction heat of Si nitridation. The sintered bodies consisted of uniformly dispersed grains of β-Si₃N₄, β-SiC, and a few Si₂N₂O.     

Pressure‐less joining of C/SiC and SiC/SiC by a MoSi2/Si composite

A MoSi₂/Si composite obtained in situ by reaction of silicon and molybdenum at 1450°C in Ar flow is proposed as pressure‐less joining material for C/SiC and SiC/SiC composites. A new “Mo‐wrap” technique was developed to form the joining material and to control silicon infiltration in porous composites. MoSi₂/Si composite joining material infiltration inside coated and uncoated C/SiC and SiC/SiC composites, as well as its microstructure and interfacial reactions were studied. Preliminary mechanical strength of joints was tested at room temperature and after aging at service temperatures, resulting in interlaminar failure of the composites in most cases.     

莫来石/铝复合摩擦材料

本文研究了莫来石陶瓷细粉与金属铝复合的摩擦材料,实验证明,莫来石粉对金属铝有明显的增强、增加硬度、提高耐磨性等作用,同时添加石墨、磷酸铝等材料,可进一步改善这种复合材料的其它性能.     

Oxidation Mechanisms and Kinetics of 1D-SiC/C/SiC Composite Materials: II, Modeling

A model, based on a simple axisymmettical fiber/interphase/ matrix assembly, is derived to depict the oxidation behavior of ID-SiC/C/SiC composites within the temperature range 900–1300°C and for 10 < P _O2 < 100 kPa. It takes into account (i) the changes versus time of the geometry of the annular pore resulting from the consumption by oxidation of the carbon interphase, (ii) the may transfers by diffusion along the pore of the reactant and products, and (iii) the chemical reactions with oxygen of both the pore walls (yielding silica) and the pore bottom (consisting of carbon). The model gives the gaseous species concentration and silica thickness profiles along the pore, the length of carbon consumed by oxidation, and the relative weight change. The model depicts in a satisfactory manner the features of the TGA curves recorded on actual composites and it is in excellent agreement with the measurements of the carbon interphase lengths consumed by oxidation. It shows that the oxidation resistance of ID-SiC/C/SiC composites is better at high temperatures ( T 1100°C) and for thin carbon interphases ( e 0.1 μm). Under such conditions, the materials exhibit a self-healing behavior.     

Creep and Fatigue Behavior in an Enhanced SiC/SiC Composite at High Temperature

The monotonic tension, creep, and fatigue behavior of an enhanced SiC/SiC composite was investigated at a temperature of 1300°C in air and argon. The improved creep and fatigue resistances were determined and compared to those of the standard SiC/SiC composite. The effects of additives (glass-forming, boron-based particulates) in the matrix on the creep and environmental resistance of the enhanced SiC/SiC composite were discussed. Crack propagation in the matrix of the enhanced SiC/SiC composite was different from that in the standard SiC/SiC composite. The filling of the glassy phases in the cracks prohibited the diffusion of oxygen from the environment. As a result, creep and fatigue properties in the enhanced SiC/SiC composite in air at high temperatures was improved.     

Two-dimensional Simulation for Hydrogen/Air Combustion in a Monolith Reactor

Recent studies on hydrogen combustion were reviewed briefly. The laminar flow and combustion of premixed hydrogen/air mixture in a cylindrical channel of a monolith reactor with and without catalytic wall was numerically modeled by solving two-dimensional (2-D) Navier Stokes (N S) equations, energy equation, and species equations. Eight gas species and twenty reversible gas reactions were considered. The control volume technique and the SIMPLE algorithm were used to solve the partial differential equations. The streamlines of the flow field, temperature contours, the entrance length, and the concentration fields were computed. It is found that the entrance zone plays an important role on flow and temperature as well as species distribution. Therefore, the flow cannot be assumed either as fully developed or as plug flow. There is a small but strong thermal expansion zone between the wall and the entrance. Both diffusion and convection affect the heat and mass transfer processes in the expansion zone. Thus the equations of momentum, energy and species conservations should be used to describe hydrogen/air combustion in the monolith reactor. The hot-spot location and concentration field of the homogeneous combustion is strongly influenced by the inlet velocity and temperature, and the equivalence ratio. The catalytic combustion of premixed hydrogen/air mixture over platinum catalyst-coated wall in a cylindrical channel was also simulated.     

Stress-Rupture of Nicalon/SiC Continuous Fiber Ceramic Composites in Air at 950°C

The stress-rupture behavior of plain-weave CG-Nicalon/enhanced SiC was studied in air at 950°C. It was found that this material exhibits delayed failure and that the lives of specimens subjected to constant stress levels of 80, 100, and 120 MPa were 21.6, 9.6, and 2.7 h, respectively. The strain histories of these tests revealed a continuous increase of the specimen compliance and accelerated deformation prior to failure. It is shown that both the shape of the strain vs time curves and the time dependence of the loss of strength can be explained using a simple model based on the oxidation-induced stress-rupture of the reinforcing fiber bundles.     

C_f/SiC复合材料生产工艺研究

Cf/SiC复合材料克服了单一SiC材料韧性低、烧结过程中晶粒长大造成强度下降等缺点 ,本文就Cf/SiC复合材料的生产工艺进行了综述     

Tensile and stressed-oxidation behavior of 2D SiC/BN/SiC composites at Intermediate Temperatures in Air

The stressed-oxidation behavior of 2D CVI SiC/BN/SiC composites was studied at intermediate temperatures (800 °C) in air. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) was acquired to determine the constant stress. The results show that the UTS at intermediate temperature is 14.3 % lower than that at room temperature. The strain-time curves at all stress levels show a deceleration stage and a stable stage. The stressed-oxidation rupture life decreases from 5.4 h to 0.9 h when the stress increases from 60 % to 90 % of the UTS. The element composition and fracture morphologies of the composites were also analyzed. The results show that the oxidation degree increases as the rupture time increases or constant stress decreases. Fiber degradation and interface defects caused by component oxidation induced local fiber failure and ultimate rupture of the composites, which may be attributed to strength degradation at intermediate temperatures and rupture of the composites during stress oxidation.     

改性纳米碳化硅/聚氨酯弹性体复合材料的制备

采用KH-560与KH-550反应得到新的硅烷偶联剂改性纳米碳化硅(SiC);再以2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、聚氧化丙烯醚二醇(PPG2000)为原料合成预聚体,改性纳米SiC为填料、3,3’-二氯-4,4’-二氨基二苯甲烷(MOCA)为扩链剂,制备了改性纳米SiC/聚氨酯弹性体(PUE)复合材料。讨论了改性前后的纳米SiC添加量对复合材料的力学性能、耐磨性能和热稳定性的影响,并用扫描电镜分析了改性前后的纳米SiC在基体中的分散性。结果表明,改性后的纳米SiC在基体中的分散性优于纳米SiC,当改性纳米SiC质量分数为9%时,改性纳米SiC/PUE复合材料的力学性能达到最佳,耐磨性能明显改善,热失重温度提高了33℃。     

Cf/SiC复合材料生产工艺研究

Cf／SiC复合材料克服了单一SiC材料韧性低、烧结过程中晶粒长大造成强度下降等缺点，本文就Cf／SiC复合材料的生产工艺进行了综述。