De-noising of GPS Receivers Positioning Data Using Wavelet Transform and Bilateral Filtering

The need for precise position and navigation aids in many areas of industry is becoming increasingly apparent. There are many errors associated with the navigation solution of the global positioning system (GPS), including satellite ephemeris error, satellite clock error, ionospheric delay, tropospheric delay, multipath, receiver measurement error and selective availability (SA). Noise can create an error between centimeters to several meters. In this paper, the proposed technique applied to smooth noise for GPS receiver positioning data is based upon the analysis of wavelet transform (WT), bilateral filter (BF) and diffusivity function. The WT is a powerful tool of signal processing for its multiresolutional possibilities. BF is a local, non-linear and non-iterative technique. It is applied to approximation subband. We decompose a GPS positioning data into low-frequency and high-frequency components and apply BF on the approximation coefficients and diffusivity function on the detail coefficients at each decomposition level for data smoothing. A single-frequency and low-cost commercial GPS receiver manufactured by Rockwell Company is used to test our method. The experimental results on measurement data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method; so that the total root mean square (RMS) error reduces to less than 0.29 m with SA on and 0.15 m with SA off using Daubechie wavelet.     

Environment Adaptive Localization Method Using Wi-Fi and Bluetooth Low Energy

Received signal strength indicator (RSSI) based fingerprinting techniques for indoor positioning can be readily implemented via a wireless access point. These methods have therefore been widely studied in the field of positioning. However, fingerprinting suffers low accuracy of positioning on account of high noise occurrences which are caused by other wireless communication signals and environmental factors when the RSSI is received, and by relatively high errors on account of low position resolution compared to other methods such as time of flight and inertial navigation technology. In this paper, a modified fingerprint algorithm based on Wi-Fi and Bluetooth low energy applied to the log-distance path loss model is proposed to remove unnecessary Wi-Fi data, and produce the AP database that can be updated depending on the changes of the ambient environment as the indoor area is increasingly complicated and extended. Instead of using the existing fingerprinting techniques of consulting signal strengths as factors that are stored in a database, the proposed algorithm employs environmental variables to which the log-distance path loss model is applied. Therefore, the proposed algorithm has higher position resolution than existing fingerprint and can improve the accuracy of positioning because of its low dependence on reference points. To minimize database and eliminate inaccurate AP signals, the Hausdorff distance algorithm and median filter are applied. Using a database in which environment variables are stored, the results are inversely transformed into the log-distance path loss model for expression as coordinates. The proposed algorithm was compared with existing fingerprinting methods. The experimental results demonstrated the reduction of positioning improvement by 0.695 m from 2.758 to 2.063 m.     

基于反向学习策略的自适应花授粉接收信号强度指示室内可见光定位

为提高大型室内场所的定位精度,提出一种基于改进自适应花授粉算法的接收信号强度指示(RSSI)可见光定位方案。利用固定在屋顶呈网格型排布的LED发送位置信息,接收端采用基于反向学习策略和自适应花授粉算法的RSSI定位方法实现精确定位。传统花授粉算法具有易陷入局部最优、缺乏变异机制等缺点,利用反向学习策略可使初始种群分布更加均匀,通过提高种群多样性可使算法跳出局部最优;采用有利于全局广泛搜索的自适应移动因子提高收敛速度。在100 m×100 m×100 m大型室内场所的一层100 m×100 m×10 m的空间中,考虑热噪声和散射噪声干扰的情况,经过多次仿真可得,相比于传统定位算法,随机灯排布下采用改进花授粉的RSSI算法的定位误差小于±1 cm;采用网格型灯排布结合改进定位算法的室内可见光定位系统时,定位精度得到明显提升,定位时间大幅缩短。该方案具有定位精度更高、计算速度更快、工作稳定等优点。     

一种基于粒子滤波的多源融合室内定位方法

室内定位技术作为社会各行业迫切需求的科技服务,尚无公认完善的解决方法。由于单一技术的定位方法不可消除其固有缺点,多种定位技术融合提升的方法是实现高精度室内定位的重要研究方向。本文面向日益复杂的室内环境,提出一种多源融合室内定位方法,将深度置信网络与 RSSI 指纹定位方法相结合实现粗略定位,同时使用行人航位测算技术完成行人航迹预测。然后运用粒子滤波器将粗略定位结果与预测的行人航迹信息相融合,提升了传统 RSSI 室内指纹定位技术的精确度与实时性。     

基于DS证据理论的室内移动目标RSSI定位算法

为使WiFi无线传感器网络能够利用单次获取的接收信号强度指示（Received Signal Strength Indication,RSSI）快速定位目标并减小RSSI阴影衰落对定位的影响,提出一种改进的基于Dempster-Shafer（DS）证据理论的利用RSSI信息对室内移动目标定位（Locating Indoor Mobile Target with RSSI based on DS evidence theory,LIMT-DS）的方法。LIMT-DS方法根据传感器接收到的RSSI值构造关于目标位置估计的条件概率密度函数,并据此通过改进的证据构造方法生成各传感器关于定位环境中位置点的证据,对各位置点进行证据综合,最后通过改进的决策模式选择出目标存在可能性较大的数个定位点进行位置加权,获得目标的位置估计。仿真与实验结果表明,LIMT-DS方法可以用传感器网络单次获得的RSSI信息实现对目标的定位,其定位性能明显优于同类方法。      

RFID Indoor positioning based on Semi-supervised Actor-Critic Co-training

For large-scale radio frequency identification ( RFID) indoor positioning system, the positioning scale isrelatively large, with less labeled data and more unlabeled data, and it is easily affected by multipath and whitenoise. An RFID positioning algorithm based on semi-supervised actor-critic co-training (SACC) was proposed tosolve this problem. In this research, the positioning is regarded as Markov decision-making process. Firstly, theactor-critic was combined with random actions and selects the unlabeled best received signal arrival intensity(RSSI) data by co-training of the semi-supervised. Secondly, the actor and the critic were updated by employingKronecker-factored approximation calculate (K-FAC) natural gradient. Finally, the target position was obtained byco-locating with labeled RSSI data and the selected unlabeled RSSI data. The proposed method reduced the cost ofindoor positioning significantly by decreasing the number of labeled data. Meanwhile, with the increase of thepositioning targets, the actor could quickly select unlabeled RSSI data and updates the location model. Experimentshows that, compared with other RFID indoor positioning algorithms, such as twin delayed deep deterministic policygradient (TD3), deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG), and actor-critic using Kronecker-factored trustregion ( ACKTR), the proposed method decreased the average positioning error respectively by 50.226%,41.916%, and 25.004%. Meanwhile, the positioning stability was improved by 23.430%, 28.518%, and38.631%.     

基于RSSI测距的室内定位技术

搭建了基于ZigBee技术的室内定位实验平台,以实验室楼道为室内场景进行了接收信号强度(RSSI)测距和定位实验研究。首先对测距实验采集到的数据使用线性回归分析拟合出当前环境的具体测距模型,并对信标和未知节点进行软件开发,实现了基于RSSI的定位算法。经过定位实验精度评估,文中算法的平均定位误差为2.3 m,满足大多室内场景要求。     

基于知识图谱的电磁干扰源定位方法

为解决现有电磁大数据管理手段单一,无法充分利用电磁数据的弊端,引入分区管理的概念,采用聚类算法将电磁数据按地理属性进行分区,利用图数据库对电磁数据进行管理,将电磁聚类后的结果转化为知识图谱实体,抽取实体之间的关系,发掘电磁数据间的潜在关联。针对电磁干扰源定位难、效率低下的问题,提出了以知识图谱为基础,大数据实时处理技术为辅助的改进接收信号强度指示(RSSI)定位算法,并实验仿真了真实电磁数据下干扰源定位的过程,分析了单目标干扰源和多目标干扰源下定位的性能。实验结果表明,所提的基于知识图谱的电磁干扰源定位方法较传统RSSI定位方法效果更显著,误差更小。     

Neural-based approach for localization of sensors in indoor environment

Location of wireless sensor nodes is an important piece of information for many applications. There are many algorithms present in literature based on Received Signal Strength (RSSI) to estimate the location. However the radio signal propagation is easily influenced by diffraction, reflection and scattering. Therefore algorithms purely based on RSSI may not accurately predict the position of the node. In the present work, an algorithm for estimating the position of mobile nodes is proposed which is based on a combination of Received Signal Strength (RSSI) and Link Quality Indicator (LQI). Artificial Neural Networks are used to establish the relationship between the location of the mobile node and the experimentally obtained values of RSSI and LQI. Two different algorithms namely, Bayesian Regularization and Gradient Descent are used to develop the neural network model. Proposed algorithms improve the localization accuracy and perform better than other state-of-the-art algorithms.     

无线传感器网络节点定位算法研究

作为一种全新的信息获取和处理技术,拥有十分广泛的应用前景,其中,节点定位是重要的核心技术之一,同时也是无线传感器网络技术及应用的最核心的技术基础。目前已有的定位方法主要是按照基于测距和非基于测距进行分类总结。在研究大量相关文献的基础上,用一种全新的视角对目前现有的定位方法进行重新分类,介绍了WSN无线信号衰减模型,提出一种基于RSSI校验的加权质心节点定位算法,且与相关定位算法进行了比较分析和仿真实验得出结论。     

基于RSSI和LQI的分段距离估计改进算法

针对无线传感器网络（WSN）中单一通过RSSI估计距离的算法易受环境影响产生误差,提出了一种基于RSSI和LQI的分段距离估计改进算法。首先分析了RSSI算法特点,然后在距离估计过程中引入了链路质量,根据预设范围调整定位算法,从而降低RSSI距离估计算法的误差,提高了距离估计精度。实验结果表明,基于RSSI和LQI的分段距离估计改进算法的距离估计精度与原算法相比有了明显提高。     

基于RSSI加权质心的光纤光栅传感网络冲击定位

针对材料结构损伤位置识别的精确定位问题,通过构建分布式光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感网络,利用光纤光栅传感器的传感特性,根据感知的冲击响应信号强度(RSSI)以及冲击点到传感器距离的关系,提出一种基于RSSI加权质心的光纤光栅传感网络冲击载荷定位方法。设计合理的传感器网络监测布局,通过分析不同位置传感器感知的冲击响应信号强度辨识冲击点所在的区域,采用加权质心定位算法对冲击载荷的位置识别定位。试验表明:分别构建基于碳纤维复合材料结构板、钢板、木板损伤识别模式的定位监测实验系统,在300mm×300mm的监测区域内随机选取24个冲击点进行位置识别,能准确辨识所有实验冲击点所在的区域,并根据RSSI来确定冲击点的位置坐标,坐标定位的平均误差在15mm以内,可实现对冲击点位置的识别,为准确识别材料结构的损伤位置提供了一种实用可行的方法。     

位置指纹室内无源定位技术

随着手机的普及,室内定位成为研究的热点。在反窃听或者地震、火灾的救援中,需要定位设备对目标设备进行无源定位。而由于室内复杂的电磁环境,多数无源定位算法定位误差较大。根据接收的信号强度指示（RSSI）设备和位置指纹定位的优点,采用虚拟坐标与实际坐标映射的方式,实现了位置指纹的室内无源定位技术。该技术具有较高的定位准确度和精确度,并且可以用户依据对定位精度高低来建立数据库。     

基于RSSI的动态权重定位算法研究

基于RSSI技术的静态权重定位算法由于不需附加设备,成本低,使用方便,适用范围广而得到了广泛的应用.针对RSSI测距容易受到各种干扰,静态权重算法不能同时解决定位的平均误差和最大误差的缺陷,提出一种新的结合RSSI测距数据处理的高斯拟合动态权重定位算法GFDWCL,并在ZigBee平台上实现了该算法.两种算法实验结果表...     

Detection of man‐in‐the‐middle attacks using physical layer wireless security techniques

Compared with a wired network, a wireless network is not protected by the cable transmission medium. Information is broadcasted over the air and it can be intercepted by anyone within the transmission range. Even though the transmissions could potentially be protected by security authentication mechanisms, malicious users can still intercept the information by mimicking the characteristics of normal user or a legitimate access point. This scenario is referred as a man‐in‐the‐middle (MITM) attack. In the MITM attack, the attackers can bypass the security mechanisms, intercept the unprotected transmission packets, and sniff the information. Because of several vulnerabilities in the IEEE 802.11 protocol, it is difficult to defend against a wireless MITM attack. In this paper, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI)‐based detection mechanism for MITM attacks is proposed. RSSI information is an arbitrary integer that indicates the power level being received by the antenna. The random RSSI values are processed via a sliding window, yielding statistic information about the signal characteristics such as mean and standard deviation profiles. By analyzing those profiles, the detection mechanism can detect if a rogue access point, the key component of an MITM attack, is launched. Our proposed approach has been validated via hardware experimentation using Backtrack 5 tools and MATLAB software suite. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

无线传感器网络混合定位技术研究

在大规模复杂无线传感器网络中往往采用多种节点定位技术,在此结合现有无线传感器定位技术的现状,提出了一种混合定位技术以实现不同定位方法之间的互补。一方面利用RSSI定位弥补TDOA定位覆盖范围小的缺点;另一方面将测距信息引入到非测距定位DV—Hop算法中,用RSSI测距模型来提高DV-Hop算法中定位节点与信标节点间有效距离的精度。实验结果表明,该混合定位技术实现了TDOA,RSSI以及DV-HOP等定位技术的融合,有效地提高了复杂大规模无线传感器网络的节点定位精度。     

Indoor BLE and MEMS based multi-floor fusion positioning algorithm

Based on the data fusion from micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) sensors and low-power bluetooth (BLE),an indoor BLE and MEMS based multi-floor positioning algorithm was proposed.First of all,the affinity propagation clustering,outlier detection and received signal strength indicator (RSSI) filtering algorithms were applied to denoise the fingerprint database.Second,by using the extended Kalman filter,the robust M estimation algorithm was used to perform the optimal estimation of the two-dimensional target position.Finally,the barometer output and geographical position information was considered to realize the height estimation of the target.The experimental results show that the proposed system is able to achieve the horizontal and vertical positioning errors lower than 0.7 m and 0.35 m respectively in multi-floor fusion positioning.     

一种基于AP ID过滤的WLAN位置指纹定位算法

非视距传播是影响定位精度的主要因素,深入研究信号强度的统计特性有利于定位精度的提高。基于RSSI的位置指纹定位技术因其设备简单,定位精度高而成为近年来定位技术研究的焦点。在对信号强度的统计特性深入分析的基础上,结合AP ID与移动台位置之间的关系提出一种改进的基于AP ID过滤的无线局域网位置指纹定位算法。并借助MATLAB仿真对比了改进前后的算法性能,证明了改进算法的不仅降低了计算复杂度,且提高了定位精度。     

一种有源RFID局域定位系统设计

提出了一种基于PIC16F877A微控制器和CC2500射频收发器芯片的低功耗、低成本RFID（Radio Frequency Identification,无线射频识别）局域定位系统设计方法,介绍了系统的定位工作原理、主要硬件电路模块及定位算法的设计和实现。采用基于序列号对时隙数运算的排序算法有效解决了多标签识别碰撞的问题,基于射频辐射强度（Received Signal Strength Indication,RSSI）和圆周定位算法实现了基于RFID多标签系统的平面定位。实验测试表明,这种射频定位方法能够实现一定精度下的无线局域定位的功能。     

一种基于RSSI的权重值选择及加权定位算法

提出了一种基于Wi-Fi网络的接收信号强度指示(RSSI)的权重值选择及加权定位算法。该算法在离线阶段为每个接入点(AP)在每个参考位置点的RSSI设定了变化区间;在定位阶段,将扫描到的每个AP的RSSI落在该区间的所有位置点的权重值加1,然后采用加权算法计算定位目标的估计位置。实验证明,该算法减少了RSSI随机变化引起的定位误差,能获得较好的定位精确度。