海洋防污剂的研究进展

概述了海洋防污剂的研究现状,简要介绍了主要商业防污剂的特点,重点介绍了新型环保防污剂的研究进展,包括天然产物基防污剂、酶基防污剂、纳米防污剂以及硅酸盐防污剂。最后,对海洋防污剂的研究和发展方向进行了展望。      

DCOIT防污剂在防污材料中的应用研究进展

鉴于4,5-二氯-2-正辛基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮(DCOIT)具有广谱高效、环保低毒等优点,DCOIT逐渐成为替代有机锡(TBT)的一种新型防污剂,在防污材料中越来越得到广泛的关注和应用。本文总结了DCOIT环境归宿及其生态毒性的判断方法,介绍了DCOIT在防污材料的应用情况及防污效果,并对近年来DCOIT防污剂的控释技术进行了综述,最后对该防污剂的应用和发展趋势进行了展望。     

环保型防污涂料研究进展

简要介绍了防污涂料中的有毒防污剂和VOC对人体和环境的危害,以及一些国家的应对策略。从防污剂的无毒化、低表面自由能树脂、导电防污涂料、低VOC防污涂料等方面综述了环保型防污涂料研究和开发取得的进展。并提出了需要对导电防污涂料和低VOC防污涂料进一步加强研究的建议。     

海洋防污剂及其缓控释技术进展

本文综述了国内外海洋生物防污剂及其缓控释技术的研究进展,对防污剂控释技术的发展进行了展望,提出了新型防污剂智能控释技术,最后结合本单位研究内容介绍了本单位研究的防污剂温敏控释技术。     

环境友好型防污剂及海洋防污涂料的研究进展

本文概括了海洋生物的附着过程及其影响因素,介绍了环境友好型防污剂与海洋防污涂料的发展概况,并对未来环境友好型防污涂料的发展作了展望。     

仿生防污材料的研究进展

船舶表面的生物污损会带来极大的危害,如何防除生物污损已成为一个世界难题。尽管氧化亚铜等有毒防污剂可以有效防止海生物的附着污损,但这类防污剂对非目标生物也具有负面作用,可能带来严重的生态问题。随着国际社会对有毒防污剂和海洋环境的日益关注,发展环境友好型防污材料已势在必行。人们经常观察到自然界许多生物并没有被其它生物种类寄生聚居,这是因为在自然界中生物自身存在着各不相同但极为有效的防污机制,包括化学性质、物理性质、机械清理、生活习性,以及各种防污机制的组合等,这为研制环境友好型仿生防污材料提供了依据。综述海洋环境中仿生防污材料的研究进展,重点介绍了基于生物防污剂、表面微结构、水凝胶、抗蛋白吸附等特性进行防污的仿生材料研究,并阐述了我国在该领域已经取得的重要技术突破和主要技术成果,展望了仿生防污技术的发展趋势。     

吲哚类防污剂及其在海洋防污涂料中的应用

从合成、结构与防污性能的关系、防污机理及其在海洋防污涂料中的应用等方面对两类新型吲哚类防污剂进行了概述,并对它们的应用前景作了展望.     

防污抗藻材料的研究进展

首先介绍了海洋微生物藻类对人们生活及各种海洋设施产生的巨大危害，并且详细阐述了国内外各种防污抗藻材料的研究发展过程、存在的优缺点及防污抗藻机理，还分别介绍了无机防污抗藻剂和有机防污抗藻剂的使用特点、范围及发展前景。     

无毒网箱防污涂料的制备及性能研究

以松香为成膜物,通过添加可塑剂和防污剂壬酸香草酰胺,制成了网箱防污涂料,讨论了可塑剂的选择和防污剂用量对涂膜防污效果的影响,检测了涂膜的急性毒性.防污效果海上对比试验结果表明,选用邻苯二甲酸二辛酯和氯化石蜡复合可塑剂(邻苯二甲酸二辛酯∶氯化石蜡=1 ∶ 1),防污剂用量为5％时,3个月后海上挂样网片增重量仅为3％,涂料...     

吲哚类防污剂及其在海洋防污涂料中的应用

从合成、结构与防污性能的关系、防污机理及其在海洋防污涂料中的应用等方面对两类新型吲哚类防污剂进行了概述,并对它们的应用前景作了展望。     

Fast Photolytic Release of Nano-Encapsulated Biocides for Neutralizing Bacteria

A fast-triggered photolytic technology based on the on-demand release of biocides encapsulated within phospholipid nanoparticles has been developed for the neutralization of biological contaminants such as bacteria. Fast-triggered release occurs when light sensitive molecules (photosensitizers) embedded within phospholipid particles are triggered by an external light stimulus. The photo-induced oxidation due to the stimulus causes the lipid chains to break and rapidly release their contents. When the phospholipid carriers are loaded with strong biocides, the fast-triggered release can result in the neutralization of biological contaminants in a controlled environment. It was observed that a 98% release of biocides was achieved in 12 min and 68% release achieved in 2 min through photo-induced oxidation. This method of release of biocides potentially can offer a technology for rapid decontamination inside heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems and surfaces such as walls, windows, etc. Moreover, biocide loaded phospholipid particles could be released as aerosols for neutralizing airborne bacteria and other biological contaminants. The appropriate choice of biocides can enable potential use in first-responder type situations and the automatic remote neutralization following bacterial contamination of air ducts or surfaces.     

Preparation and antibacterial activity of novel fluoroalkyl end-capped oligomers/silica nanocomposites-encapsulated low molecular biocides

Fluoroalkyl end-capped N-(1,1-dimethyl-3-oxobutyl)acrylamide oligomer [R_F-(DOBAA) _n -R_F] reacted with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and silica nanoparticles in the presence of low-molecular weight biocides such as hibitane, hinokitiol, and hinokioil under alkaline conditions to afford R_F-(DOBAA) _n -R_F/silica nanocomposites-encapsulated these biocides in excellent to moderate isolated yields. Fluoroalkyl end-capped N,N-dimethylacrylamide oligomer [R_F-(DMAA) _n -R_F] and acrylic acid oligomer [R_F-(ACA) _n -R_F]/silica nanocomposites-encapsulated hibitane were obtained under similar conditions. Dynamic light scattering measurements showed that the size of these fluorinated nanocomposites-encapsulated biocides thus obtained is nanometer size-controlled. Additionally, these fluorinated nanocomposites were shown to have a good dispersibility and stability in methanol and water. Of particular interest, these fluorinated nanocomposites-encapsulated biocides were found to have a good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, and these nanocomposites were applied to the surface modification of traditional organic polymers such as poly(methyl methacrylate).     

Modelling inorganic biocide emission from treated wood in water

The objective of this work is to develop a chemical model for explaining the leaching behaviour of inorganic biocides from treated wood. The standard leaching test XP CEN/TS14429 was applied to a commercial construction material made of treated Pinus sylvestris (Copper Boron Azole preservative). The experimental results were used for developing a chemical model under PHREEQC^® (a geochemical software, with LLNL, MINTEQ data bases) by considering the released species detected in the eluates: main biocides Cu and B, other trace biocides (Cr and Zn), other elements like Ca, K, Cl, SO₄⁻², dissolved organic matter (DOC). The model is based on chemical phenomena at liquid/solid interfaces (complexation, ion exchange and hydrolysis) and is satisfactory for the leaching behaviour representation. The simulation results confronted with the experiments confirmed the hypotheses of: (1) biocide fixation by surface complexation reactions with wood specific sites (carboxyl and phenol for Cu, Zn, Cr(III), aliphatic hydroxyl for B, ion exchange to a lesser extent) and (2) biocide mobilisation by extractives (DOC) coming from the wood. The maximum of Cu, Cr(III) and Zn fixation occurred at neutral pH (including the natural pH of wood), while B fixation was favoured at alkaline pH.     

The progress on antifouling organic coating: From biocide to biomimetic surface

The advancement in material science and engineering technology has led to the development of antifouling(AF) coatings which are cheaper, durable, less toxic, and safe to the environment. The use of AF coatings containing tributyltin compounds was prohibited at the beginning of 2003, this necessitated the development of environmentally friendly coatings. The fouling release coating(FRC) lacks biocides and has low surface energy, low elastic modulus with smooth surface properties, hence a better release effect to fouling organisms. Several functional coatings have been recently developed based on fouling release(FR) technology to combat the effects of biofouling. Here, we provide a brief overview of innovative technologies and recent developments based on FRCs, including silicone, modified fluorinated polymer,cross-linked coatings, amphiphilic copolymer coating, hydrogel coatings, and biomimetic coatings. We also highlight the key issues and shortcomings of innovative technologies based on FRCs. This may give new insights into the future development of marine AF coatings.     

十六烷基辛基二甲基溴化铵和十六烷基癸基二甲基溴化铵的合成

合成了十六烷基辛基二甲基溴化铵和十六烷基癸基二甲基溴化铵两个新型杀生剂。用元素定量分析和红外光谱核磁共振谱等方法进行分析和结构鉴定。评定了两个化合物对硫酸盐还原菌的杀生作用。结果表明，两个化合物有很好的杀生效果。     

Process integration techniques for optimizing seawater cooling systems and biocide discharge

This work addresses the problem of using seawater for cooling and the associated environmental problems caused by the usage and discharge of biocides. The discharged biocide and its byproducts are toxic to aquatic lives and must be decreased below certain discharge limits on load prior to discharge. The conventional approach has been to add biocide removal units as an end-of-pipe treatment. This work introduces an integrated approach to reducing biocide discharge though a set of coordinated strategies for in-plant modifications and biocide removal. In particular, process integration tools are used to reduce heating and cooling requirements through the synthesis of a heat-exchange network. Heat integration among process hot and cold streams is pursued economically by reconciling cost reduction in utilities versus any additional capital investment of the heat exchangers. Other strategies include maximization of the temperature range for seawater through the process and optimization of biocide dosage. This new approach has the advantage of providing cost savings while reducing the usage and discharge of biocides. A case study is used to illustrate the usefulness of this new approach and the accompanying design techniques.     

纸质食品包装材料中的残留污染物

食品包装材料中的残留污染物是引起食品污染的重要途径之一.根据国内外研究结果的有关资料,对纸质食品包装材料中存在的微量元素、荧光增白剂、有机氯化物、增塑剂、芳香族碳水化合物、有机挥发性物质、固化剂、防油剂以及杀菌剂等化学残留物的来源、毒性分析、其迁移到食品中的可能性及对人体的危害作了综合的论述,为相关食品包装企业的质量控制和科研工作者提供参考.     

Bacterial cell killing properties of silver-loaded polysiloxane microspheres

Cross-linked polysiloxane microspheres containing a large number of SiOH groups were modified by introduction of organic thiol groups, which were further used for the functionalization of the microspheres with silver thiolate groups. The microspheres were characterized by ²⁹Si MAS NMR, ¹³C MAS NMR, SEM, XPS and elemental analysis. They were tested as biocides against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria strains and exhibited high bactericidal activity. Separately, linear polysiloxane polymers equipped with organothiol groups and loaded with silver were synthesized. Their antibacterial activity was compared with that of silver thiolate-functionalized microspheres. Different shape of particles and a different form of silver explained somewhat lower activity of polymers.