Novel Hybrids of Polystyrene Nanoparticles and Silica Nanoparticles-Grafted-Graphite Via Modified Technique

We have designed polystyrene nanoparticles through modified nanoprecipitation cosolvent evaporation technique and conventional nanoprecipitation and solvent evaporation. Polystyrene nanoparticles were embedded with silica nanoparticles and graphite to analyze scope of nanoprecipitation cosolvent evaporation. Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopic revealed decreased band gap of polystyrene nanoparticles obtained via nanoprecipitation cosolvent evaporation. Scanning electron microscopic showed uniform morphology of polystyrene nanoparticles and polystyrene nanoparticles-based nanocomposites engendered by nanoprecipitation cosolvent evaporation. X-ray diffraction disclosed presence of crystalline domains due to silica nanoparticles content in amorphous structure. Glass transition temperature was increased from 94 (polystyrene) to 124°C (PSNPs/SiNPs 0.6) and 137°C (PSNPs/SiNPs/G 0.6) with filler loading. Electrical conductivity of PSNPs/SiNPs/G 0.6 was also found to be higher (1.53 S/cm).     

Polystyrene nanoparticles with tunable interfaces and softness

Polystyrene nanoparticles, cross-linked with divinylbenzene (PS-(DVB)_x) and having radii, R_p ≤ 10 nm, have been synthesized using batch and semi-batch radical microemulsion polymerizations. The nanoparticles were characterized thoroughly using ¹H NMR, size exclusion chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, and various small-angle scattering techniques (light, X-rays, and neutrons). Control over network and interface morphologies of the PS-(DVB)_x nanoparticles is readily achieved by varying the concentration of divinylbenzene and the polymerization technique (batch vs. semi-batch). Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) allowed us to identify three distinct nanoparticle morphologies: (i) fuzzy soft gels with flexible chain-segments tethered/looped at the interface of a homogeneous core, (ii) smooth soft gels without a fuzzy interfacial layer, and (iii) dendritic glassy gels exhibiting an inhomogeneous core with an ill-defined interface. Atomic force microscopy imaging supports the morphologies and the softness of the nanoparticles as indicated by SANS.     

无机纳米粒子对聚苯乙烯泡孔结构影响的研究

以活性纳米碳酸钙(CaCO3)和有机化纳米蒙脱(土OMMT)为异相成核剂,制备了聚苯乙(烯PS/)无机纳米粒子发泡材料,并利用透射电镜和扫描电镜研究了纳米粒子种类和含量对PS挤出发泡制品的表观密度和泡孔结构的影响。扫描电镜分析结果表明:采用纳米CaCO3为成核剂时所得发泡制品的表观密度为0.451~0.485g/cm3;而用OMMT作为成核剂所得发泡制品的表观密度为0.514~0.573g/cm3,平均泡孔尺寸较小。透射电镜分析结果表明:OMMT在泡孔壁面的取向分布有利于得到闭孔形式的泡孔结构。     

Ordering of Polystyrene Nanoparticles on Substrates Pre-Coated with Different Polyelectrolyte Architectures

Adjusting the inter-particle distances in ordered nanoparticle arrays can create new nano-devices and is of increasing importance to a number of applications such as nanoelectronics and optical devices. The assembly of negatively charged polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles (NPs) on Poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) brushes, quaternized PDMAEMA brushes and Si/PEI/(PSS/PAH)₂, was studied using dip- and spin-coating techniques. By dip-coating, two dimensional (2-D), randomly distributed non-close packed particle arrays were assembled on Si/PEI/(PSS/PAH)₂ and PDMAEMA brushes. The inter-particle repulsion leads to lateral mobility of the particles on these surfaces. The 200 nm diameter PS NPs tended to an inter-particle distance of 350 to 400 nm (center to center). On quaternized PDMAEMA brushes, the strong attractive interaction between the NPs and the brush dominated, leading to clustering of the particles on the brush surface. Particle deposition using spin-coating at low spin rates resulted in hexagonal close-packed multilayer structures on Si/PEI/(PSS/PAH)₂. Close-packed assemblies with more pronounced defects are also observed on PDMAEMA brushes and QPDMAEMA brushes. In contrast, randomly distributed monolayer NP arrays were achieved at higher spin rates on all polyelectrolyte architectures. The area fraction of the particles decreased with increasing spin rate.     

Core-shell Nanoparticles Reinforced Polystyrene with no Effect on its Transparency

Abstract

Bisvinyl-A and styrene core-shell copolymer nanoparticles with different particle size were synthesized through the composite emulsion polymerization. The PS (polystyrene) blends with different concentration and particle size of core-shell nanoparticles were prepared. The impact strength and the transparency were studied which indicated that the best condition for reinforced the PS was that the particle size was above 100nm and the concentration of the particles in PS blends was roughly within the range of 2 ～ 5% weight percent, which improved the strength of PS near to two times while the PS transparency was not affected.     

Review Article: Recycling of Polystyrene

Recycling of polystyrene can be done by mechanical, chemical, and thermal methods. High impact polystyrene is a promising material for mechanical recycling since its properties are not extremely affected even after multiple processing of upto nine cycles. Production of liquid products and gaseous products are highly dependent on the reaction condition. The catalysts used are highly selective for the production of liquid as well as gaseous products. In this article we have reviewed the various types of methods followed so far for recycling of polystyrene.     

聚苯乙烯的热裂解研究

废旧高分子材料的处理已成为环境污染治理的重要课题之一。本文详细调查了聚苯乙烯的裂解反应,表征了聚苯乙烯的裂解产物,探讨了裂解介质,等,获得了优化的裂解工艺参数。     

纳米粒子种类对PMMA／纳米复合材料性能的影响

研究了胶体SiO2、粉体SiO2、有机改性蒙脱土OMMT等不同纳米粒子种类对纳米复合材料性能的影响,通过红外光谱、X射线衍射、热重分析和动态力学性能等测试手段对复合材料进行了分析表征。结果表明,OMMT和胶体SiO2与聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）的复合效果最好;OMMT的加入对复合材料的热性能有一定提高,而胶体和粉体SiO2的加入提高了复合材料的储能模量。     

聚苯乙烯/氧化石墨烯复合建材的制备与保温性能研究

通过聚苯乙烯(PS)与氧化石墨烯(GO)共混,制备聚苯乙烯/氧化石墨烯(PS/GO)保温建筑材料,并对PS/GO阻燃性能以及保温性能进行研究。结果表明:GO含量为6%时,4号样品的综合性能最好。4号样品的LOI值为33.4%,阻燃等级达到V-1,热释放速率峰值(pHRR)为525.76 kW/m²,总产烟量(TSP)为629.37 m²。此外,4号样品具有较低的导热系数0.034 2 W/(m·K),并且吸水率以及水蒸气透过系数均满足标准值,说明其可以有效应用于建筑保温材料。     

从废旧聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料中回收苯乙烯

本文采用有机溶剂甲苯作为消泡剂，用热裂解法从废旧聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料中回收苯乙烯，苯乙烯收率可达８０％以上。     

纳米Al_2O_3表面接枝聚合改性的研究

为改善纳米Al2O3粒子在聚合物中的分散状况,本工作先在粒子表面引入双键,然后通过溶液自由基引发接枝单体丙烯酰胺和苯乙烯在Al2O3粒子表面的聚合,使接枝物与纳米粒子之间形成化学键合。系统研究了投料方式、引发剂浓度、单体浓度、反应时间等对接枝效果的影响,为调控纳米粒子表面的化学性质提供依据。     

Recent Advances of Novel Proteinoids and Proteinoid Nanoparticles and Their Applications in Biomedicine and Industrial Uses

Proteinoids, thermal polymers composed of amino acids, discovered and studied by Fox, spontaneously self-assemble in spherical structures, microspheres, which Fox presented as the protocells of life. Fox's findings opened up a scope of applicable easy-to-make protein-like particles. In recent years, interest in proteinoids has increased among nanobiomedicine research workers. These structures are suitable for biomedical applications, due to their protein-like nature, biocompatibility, non-toxicity and safety. Several new proteinoids made of a specific selection of amino acids were introduced for biomedical and agricultural industries. Several proteinoids include specific additives polymerized within their backbone, providing special chracteristics for a specific application. These proteinoids, their corresponding nanoparticles and their diverse applications are presented here, primarily focusing on proteinoids for cancer diagnostics and therapy, cosmetic and anti-fog proteinoids.     

Studies on the Preparation of Polystyrene Thermal Conductivity Composites

Various thermally conductive fillers including aluminum oxide(Al₂O₃), magnesium oxide(MgO), β-silicon carbide particle(β-SiCp) and β-silicon carbide whisker(β-SiCw) were used to prepare polystyrene thermal conductivity composites. Experimental results showed that, for given filler loading, the thermal conductivity of the composites was higher for PS flake than that of PS particle, and the thermal conductivity was optimal by powder blending method. The SiCw filler was more favorable to improve the thermal conductivity of the composites; a much higher thermal conductivity of 1.18 W/mK could be achieved for the composite with 40 vol% SiCw, about six times higher than that of native polystyrene. The experimental thermal conductivity values were in agreement with those predicted by lower bound of Maxwell-Eueken model. For given SiC loading, the thermal conductivity increased with the increasing shape parameter of n. The SiCw was much easier to form the thermal conductivity chains and network than that of SiCp.     

聚苯乙烯光氧老化行为及其模型研究

研究了自然曝晒试验后的聚苯乙烯(PS)样品结构和性能的变化,同时对其拉伸强度保持率的变化进行回归拟合,并建立了光氧老化模型。结果表明:太阳辐照是影响PS光氧老化的主要因素,水分对其起促进作用;PS老化过程中有羰基基团生成;老化模型可以反映光、热、水综合作用的强弱。     

遇水崩解型聚苯乙烯崩解机理及性能

采用原位共混聚合的方法将反相乳液聚合得到的交联聚丙烯酸钠吸水树脂微粒混入聚苯乙烯材料中,得到聚苯乙烯/聚丙烯酸钠共混物(PS/PAANa),共混物遇水后会崩解成含水凝胶的聚苯乙烯粉末,并失去机械强度。用扫描电镜观察材料水崩解前后的微观结构,并研究了材料的崩解机理。测试了材料的力学强度和水崩解产物的吸水性能。结果表明:此材料的崩解机理为在分散剂Span-80的作用下,吸水树脂吸水后膨胀导致基体聚苯乙烯出现银纹并扩展为裂缝,裂缝继续扩展,最终导致基体崩解为粒径0.05～0.2mm的粉末;PS与PAANa原位共混后,力学强度提高;共混物的崩解产物吸水倍率可达26倍。     

A Comparative Study of Polystyrene/Layered Silicate Nanocomposites,Synthesized by Emulsion and Bulk Polymerization Methods

Polystyrene/clay (PS/clay) nanocomposites were synthesized by insitu emulsion and bulk polymerization methods. Sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT) and two organically modified clays (Cloisite 30B and Cloisite 15A) were employed. The effect of clay swelling method and sonication on the d-spacing of silicate layers was also investigated. The surface morphology of pure PS and PS/clay nanocomposites were comparatively investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of PS and PS/clay nanocomposites revealed the improved thermal stability of PS/clay nanocomposites compared to pure PS. Results of optical transparency tests showed the better transparency of nanocomposite films compared to the pure PS film.     

PS改性及应用研究进展

主要介绍了聚苯乙烯(PS)的改性方法及其在各领域的应用进展。     

超支化聚磷酸酯/聚苯乙烯复合材料的性能研究

以密炼、模压等工艺制备了超支化聚磷酸酯(HPPE)/聚苯乙烯(PS)复合材料,研究了HPPE的代数和用量对HPPE/PS复合材料性能的影响及其规律性,研究的性能包括拉伸强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度、维卡软化点温度以及熔体质量流动速率,并通过SEM观察其冲击断面的微观形态和研究其增韧机理.结果表明:HPPE/PS复合材料的拉伸强度、冲击强度和熔体质量流动速率随HPPE用量的增加先增加后降低,随HPPE摩尔质量的变化影响较小.在HPPE-2用量为6 phr左右,复合材料的综合性能较佳,对比纯PS,拉伸强度可提高124%,冲击强度可提高56%,熔体质量流动速率可提高84%,但弯曲强度和维卡软化点温度有微弱下降.     

聚苯乙烯纳米粒子的制备研究进展

尺寸在10～100 nm左右的聚合物纳米粒子是胶体和材料科学研究中的一个热点,它在光学、催化、微电子、涂料、粘合剂、生物材料和医药等领域都有广泛的应用。白色透明的聚苯乙烯纳米粒子,扩大了其在生物、光学方面的应用,前景广阔。综述了1979年以来国内外12种合成工艺方法,分析了其优缺点。     

UV—Vis光谱法与FT—IR光谱法研究聚苯乙烯老化

用紫外-可见光谱法与付里叶变换红外光谱法研究聚苯乙烯以及苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚物的老化过程。在光、热、氧的作用下,这些聚合物的部分主链与侧苯基断裂,有少量苯乙酮结构生成,导致材料变色。