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1.
《TEST》1990,5(1):1-60
Summary In Bayesian inference and decision analysis, inferences and predictions are inherently probabilistic in nature. Scoring rules, which involve the computation of a score based on probability forecasts and what actually occurs, can be used to evaluate probabilities and to provide appropriate incentives for “good” probabilities. This paper review scoring rules and some related measures for evaluating probabilities, including decompositions of scoring rules and attributes of “goodness” of probabilites, comparability of scores, and the design of scoring rules for specific inferential and decision-making problems Read before the Spanish Statistical Society at a meeting organized by the Universitat de València on Tuesday, April 23, 1996  相似文献   

2.
现金流量与公司投资决策--从公司规模角度的实证研究   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
根据现代公司金融理论,将融资因素引进公司的投资模型,研究不同规模的公司投资与现金流量的关系,并探寻不同规模公司投资决策行为差异的背后动机。实证研究发现:大规模公司投资对现金流量的敏感性要高于小规模公司,动因检验的结果表明大规模公司投资依赖于现金流量源于信息不对称理论,小规模公司源于自由现金流量的代理成本理论,这为我国完善资本市场、制定合理政策提供了借鉴的依据。  相似文献   

3.
    
As outsourcing of services has grown in popularity, agency problems such as adverse selection and moral hazard have become more prevalent, leading to increased contracting costs. In this paper, we focus on how adverse selection and performance ambiguity arise in service outsourcing arrangements. We used agency theory as a theoretical lens to propose a mediated model where two antecedents, information asymmetry and goals compatibility, directly affect performance ambiguity, and indirectly through adverse selection. This model was tested empirically with dyadic data on 50 matched pair service outsourcing arrangements between organisations in Australia. Results show that information asymmetry impacts performance ambiguity through adverse selection, whereas goals compatibility affects performance ambiguity directly, without influencing adverse selection. These results suggest that the two agency problems are differentially affected by the antecedents of service outsourcing. The theoretical and practical contributions of this study are a better understanding of how different agency problems arise and how they can be controlled in service outsourcing in particular and in service production context more generally.  相似文献   

4.
针对未来区域电力市场的管理结构模式和我国电网当前所面临的网架结构薄弱和机组装机容量状况,运用委托-代理理论对未来区域电网公司与所属省电网公司的管理模式与激励机制进行了模型设计,分析表明在对称信息条件下当委托人是风险中性,而代理人是风险规避型时,该模型能够达到帕累托最优风险分担和帕累托最优努力水平,电网公司可以在保证整个电网运营的安全性和稳定性的同时实现电网公司的利润最大化.  相似文献   

5.
不确定需求下制造商渠道入侵与信息收集披露激励   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究单个零售商和制造商组成的二级供应链,零售商通过调查获取市场不确定需求信息,而制造商可能建立直销渠道与零售商展开销售竞争。分别在集中决策和分散决策下刻画零售商最优收集、披露策略以及制造商的最优入侵策略;在此基础上设计了促进零售商收集并且披露需求信息的固定报酬激励机制。研究表明:当收集成本、渠道替代率以及固定入侵成本处于合适阈值区间时,需求信息收集和披露会改善双方收益;零售商信息披露可以影响制造商的入侵决策;制造商入侵在一定条件下有利于供应链整体收益,但总是不利于零售商;在制造商率先决定入侵时,零售商接受激励政策可以实现双方共赢。最后通过算例验证了理论的正确性和有效性。  相似文献   

6.
为揭示机械产品突破性创新内在的动态演化机制,提出了一种基于突变理论的机械产品突破性创新耗散结构模型及其评价方法.首先叙述了耗散结构理论与熵变;然后应用发明问题解决理论(TRIZ)中的冲突解决原理分析了机械产品突破性创新尖点突变过程,建立了机械产品突破性创新耗散结构模型,指出了机械产品是在一个非平衡的开放系统中,系统内各技术子系统之间非线性相互作用下,以尖点突变的形式产生的宏观的“巨涨落”,从而形成的一种新的有序的耗散结构;最后基于信息熵理论提出了机械产品突破性创新的评价方法.以中药滴丸机为例,对2种不同状态下的滴丸机进行定量分析,结果较好地验证了该方法的合理性.  相似文献   

7.
The improved method has been presented for knowledge reduction in rough sets (R-S) theory, when R-S is used to model the information expression of oil and vibration diagnosis. Therefore, the typical fault simulation tests of rolling bearings have been made, and the application method of R-S has been also analysed in this paper. The diagnosis model of holding rack fault in rolling bearing was presented based on the improved reduction method. It is suited to information fusion to combine information when oil analysis and vibration analysis are combined for fault diagnosis.  相似文献   

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