利用窑皮和脱硫渣处理精苯废酸的研究

为探讨精苯废酸的处理方法,采用窑皮和脱硫渣对精苯废酸进行处理,制得的产物可以用作缓凝剂,利用X射线衍射确定其纯度,探讨了产物掺入熟料中的比例。试验表明,随着产物掺入比例的增加,凝结时间呈直线上升关系。此工艺操作简单、无二次污染,达到了以废治废的目的。     

钼酸铵溶液中锌净化新工艺的研究

针对一种复杂低品位钼精矿焙烧氨浸得到的钼酸铵溶液中Zn含量高的问题,在传统工艺基础上采用"碳酸铵-氨水、硫化铵"两段净化新工艺对经硫化铵处理后的钼酸铵溶液进行处理,着重考察了试剂用量、pH值、反应温度、反应时间对Zn脱除率的影响,得到优化净化工艺条件:一段净化中,碳酸铵加入量为理论量的1.2倍,反应温度45℃,反应时间0.5h,pH=9,Zn脱除率达95%以上;二段净化中,氨水和硫化铵加入量为理论量的1.1倍,反应温度45℃,反应时间0.5h,pH=8.5,Zn脱除率高于96%。综合Zn脱除率达到99.5%以上,Mo损失低于1%,净化液可直接通过酸沉、结晶获取钼酸铵一级品。     

两段沉淀法净化某废旧高温合金浸出液的研究

采用两段沉淀法净化某废旧高温合金浸出液,第一段采用质量分数为15%的磷酸钠溶液作为沉淀剂,机械搅拌条件下,控制终点pH 2.5,温度70℃,反应时间2h,铬、铝的除杂率均在90%以上;第二段采用质量分数为15%的氢氧化钠溶液作为沉淀剂,机械搅拌条件下,控制终点pH 5.5,温度70℃,反应时间2h,铬、铝的脱除率均在99%以上,所得净化液可直接进行下一步镍钴分离处理,扩大试验结果表明,此工艺有良好的工业应用前景。     

二硫化钼生产工艺废气处理新方法

介绍了一种新型的废酸气处理方法。在真空的作用下,废酸气先通过碱罐被碱液吸收,然后通过净化罐被尿素还原吸收。该法处理含氮氧化物废酸气吸收效果较好,所需设备简单。在正常生产工艺运行时,废气净化效率可达到93％以上。     

精苯废酸焙烧制硫酸的试验研究

精苯废酸经过初步处理、静置分离去除酸焦油后送入硫酸生产装置沸腾炉沸腾层进行焙烧,通过高温裂解、吸收得到硫酸,将废物进行资源化处理利用。介绍了试验原理、生产工艺及操作参数的确定,按规模为年产1万t的粗苯精制加工装置产生废酸700t计,年效益可达15万元。     

络合均相法生产H_2WO_4的沉淀率及废酸中钨的回收

络合均相沉淀法可在室温和低酸度下生产 H_2WO_4,正常情况下 H_2WO_4沉淀率大于98%,废酸中 WO_3含量为1～2g/l。考察了不同酸度、Cl-浓度对沉淀率的影响,并进行了活性炭吸附回收废酸中钨的试验。当〔H~+〕在0.5～2.0mol/dm~3,〔Cl-〕在1.31～3.81mol/dm~3时,沉淀率稳定在98～99%;当〔H~+〕=0.1mol/dm~3时,〔Cl-〕增大,沉淀率有所下降。滤去沉淀后的废酸可直接用活性炭吸附处理,其 WO_3含量可由1.31降至0.01g/l。吸附柱用0.5mol/dm~3NaOH 溶液解吸,解吸液可直接返回主流程。经15轮次试验,活性炭对钨的吸附率仍近于或大于99%。     

有害元素对冶金尘泥回用的影响及其脱除工艺

冶金尘泥循环利用过程中锌、铅、碱金属等有害元素循环富集问题普遍存在,影响烧结透气性和球团质量,也影响高炉顺行及耐材寿命,增加能耗,应予以脱除。转底炉工艺锌脱除率在90%左右,碱金属综合脱除率为60%～70%,同时回收金属化球团、粗锌粉和蒸汽,实现铁、碳、锌等有价元素的资源化综合利用,投资回报可观;试验表明,采用水洗工艺,高炉布袋灰氯的脱除率约为95%,钾的脱除率约为83%,烧结机头灰钾、钠、氯脱除率都在90%以上;转底炉粗锌粉水洗后,品位可从16%提到至45%以上,滤液还可通过蒸发结晶、提纯的方式提取KCl产品,经济效益显著。     

从进口、转炉氧化锌及铜烟灰中回收锌的试验研究

文章介绍了采用特殊处理、碱洗、浸出、净化和电积工艺对进口、转炉氧化锌及含锌的铜烟灰进行了综合回收锌和脱F、Cl的试验。该工艺F、Cl脱除率分别达93％和97％以上,锌的回收率达90％以上。     

钛白废酸喷雾浓缩装置的研发

针对传统钛白废酸回收工艺存在的不足,提出了采用喷雾浓缩技术处理钛白废酸.通过实验室模拟试验并借鉴喷雾干燥技术,设计并研制了钛白废酸喷雾浓缩装置.该装置对钛白废酸的浓缩质量分数可达80%以上.通过条件试验,确定了喷雾浓缩装置的最佳工艺参数.     

某含碳难处理金矿石焙烧-氰化试验研究

辽宁省某矿金矿石属低硫含碳难处理型金矿石,采用常规氰化法金的回收率不到50%.为了消除碳质物的有害影响,在氰化浸矿前对矿石进行了焙烧预处理试验研究.试验结果表明:最佳焙烧温度为700℃～750℃,最佳焙烧时间为2.5～3.5h,在最佳条件下矿石中碳和硫的脱除率均在85%以上.焙砂氰化试验表明,浸矿粒度-0.074mm目含量占95%时,金的浸出率最高,可达到89.07%.这说明焙烧预处理可有效地消除碳和硫对金氰化的不利影响.     

Use of waste plastics in cokemaking at Tata Steel

Abstract

Disposal of waste plastics is a serious global issue, and hence it is imperative to explore methods to recycle them for efficient utilisation. The coke making process is considered to be a promising area to which the thermal decomposition of waste plastics is applicable, because the process involves coal carbonisation at a high temperature under a reducing atmosphere. As an outcome of the research work carried out on a laboratory scale followed by plant trials at Tata Steel, it was found that waste plastics recycling process using stamp charged coke ovens is feasible to recover coke, tar, light oil and gas from general waste plastics mixed in coal by carbonisation in coke ovens. It has also been established in the laboratory that waste plastics up to 1% can be used in coke making without any deterioration in coke strength. Plant trials have also indicated that co-carbonisation of waste plastics with coal is a possible solution for its disposal.     

济钢炼钢炼铁污泥的处理和应用

炼钢炼铁湿法除尘产生的污泥，难处理、污染环境。济钢将其脱水至40％左右，炼钢污泥配到竖炉球团原料中，炼铁污泥配到烧结生产原料中，以状膏的形态做到了污泥全部利用，取得了较好的经济效益和环保效果，在冶金行业具有较好的推广使用价值。     

Speaking of illness: issues of first generation Canadian women--implications for patient education and counseling

A recent Royal Society report, Management of Separated Plutonium, considers the production and disposal of plutonium from the spent fuel from civil and nuclear power reactors. It accepts the need for dealing with plutonium stocks because of the toxicity of the element and as it can be used to fabricate nuclear weapons, and expresses concern that it might be illicitly acquired by terrorists. It recommends an independent Government commission on the management of plutonium, and considers the various options for this. However, it does not analyse the arguments against plutonium as a reactor fuel, and underestimates the risks of diversion to nuclear weapons and nuclear terrorism. This paper reviews the options, and concludes that separated plutonium should be added to high-level waste, vitrified, and eventually buried in a deep geological repository.     

Smoking patterns of university students in Eski?ehir, Turkey

Sixteen percent of hospital room surfaces remained colonized by vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) after routine terminal disinfection. Disinfection with a new "bucket method" resulted in uniformly negative cultures. Conventional cleaning took an average of 2.8 disinfections to eradicate VRE from a hospital room, while only one cleaning was required with the bucket method.     

金的分离富集

综述了金的分离和富集方法，主要包括各种吸附和萃取方法。采用活性炭和泡沫塑料(简称泡塑)吸附分离金是传统的分离富集法，有负载活性炭和有负载泡塑可以提高富集金的能力。近些年，离子交换树脂和离子交换纤维素在分离富集金的应用中，占有相当大的比例。萃取法除了使用传统的MIBK作为萃取剂，又见报道硫醚、亚砜、醇类等作为萃取剂的各种萃取体系。中引用参考献107篇。     

"白色污染"治理新技术--利用炼焦工艺高温炭化处理废塑料

结合国内外废塑料处理现状和技术发展趋势,通过不同废塑料处理方法和技术的分析比较,阐述了利用炼焦工艺处理废塑料的应用前景,综合分析了用焦炉处理我国城市生活垃圾中废塑料的可行性。     

Electrochemical Pretreatment of Wastewater from Color Photograph Processing Unit

Wastewater emanating from color photograph processing units is usually in small quantities (5–20 L per day) and contains high concentrations of recalcitrant organic compounds. Disposal of such highly recalcitrant wastewater into a public sewer may result in an inhibiting effect on biological treatment system of a sewage treatment plant and thus these persistent organics can escape to receiving water bodies. A continuous full-scale treatment unit for such a small quantity of wastewater is not a viable option, economically and technically. In this study, a small batch type of an electrochemical reactor has been utilized to investigate the feasibility of electrochemical treatment of wastewater from a color photograph processing unit. The treatability studies were conducted using cast iron electrode. It was found that the cast iron electrode was efficient in removing both chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand to the levels that meet the standards for discharge to surface water and public sewer. The energy consumption to meet the standards for sewer disposal was less compared to that of surface water disposal. The electrochemical reactor was found to be cost effective in both installation and operation for meeting the sewer disposal standards. It was concluded that the wastewater could be partially treated (pretreatment) electrochemically to meet the standard for sewer disposal rather than that of surface water disposal.     

乌拉嘎金矿西坑矿石选冶工艺工业试验

乌拉嘎金矿西坑矿石中金属硫化物嵌布粒度较细,部分金以微细粒包裹于硫化矿物中。在小型试验基础上,对西坑矿石选冶工艺进行了工业试验。试验结果表明,在保证原处理能力的条件下,提高磨矿细度-0.074mm到82%以上,采用一次粗选、二次扫选、对粗精矿分级及分级溢流经二次精选、一次扫选工艺流程,获得金精矿和中矿;中矿采用氰化炭浸提金工艺生产合质金,金精矿采用焙烧—焙砂氰化炭浸提金工艺生产合质金及硫酸。该选冶联合工艺流程的应用,使金的理论回收率达到74.17%,比2007年金总回收率提高了15.86%。     

316H不锈钢铁素体的形成与控制

 为了提高316H不锈钢中厚板在钠冷快堆高温、强中子辐射环境下的质量稳定性,要求其残余铁素体面积分数不大于1%,而316H不锈钢中厚板的残余铁素体面积分数在常规工艺下为2%~8%。为了满足该要求,首先根据相图分析优化了316H不锈钢中C、Cr、Ni、Mo、N等元素含量,将其铬镍当量比控制到1.3以下,使其平衡态组织下铁素体面积分数小于7%。此外,根据相变过程,在凝固初期应快速冷却使钢水快速通过δ相区,尽可能少析出δ铁素体;在钢水快速通过δ相区后,应减缓冷却速度,使析出的铁素体尽可能多地通过包晶反应和高温扩散转变为奥氏体。因此,为了在316H连铸过程中实现这一目标,将钢水过热度从(45±5) ℃降低到(35±5)℃,铁素体面积分数最高由15%以上降低至10%附近;结晶器冷却水强度由2 700 L/min提高至3 000 L/min可以继续使铁素体面积分数从10%降至7%;最后再将二冷水比水量由0.75 L/kg降低至0.55 L/kg,整个连铸坯断面铁素体面积分数可全部降低至7%以下。通过连铸生产过热度、结晶器冷却强度、二冷水配水量3个工艺参数分步骤调整后得到的较低铁素体含量,连铸坯轧制成的钢板依然不能满足技术要求,需要将铸坯进行均质化处理,通过不同保温温度与保温时间的交叉试验,获得了最佳的均质化工艺,即1 250 ℃保温24 h,基本消除铸坯内残余铁素体组织,实现了残余铁素体面积分数不大于0.1%的316H中厚板的高效生产。     

塑料-无烟煤混合还原剂对含碳球团还原的影响

为了解决废塑料的污染问题,提出了将塑料与无烟煤一起进行低温热处理来制得含碳球团混合还原剂的思路,以达到钢铁工业协同处理废塑料的目的。通过研究还原温度和反应时间对含碳球团宏观形貌、金属化率及其微观结构的影响,对比分析了混合还原剂对含碳球团直接还原的影响。结果表明,以氧化铁粉末试剂为含铁原料,加入无烟煤与PE塑料热处理后的混合还原剂,在1 100和1 150 ℃,反应5~15 min时,能提高含碳球团的反应速率。当反应温度为1 150 ℃,反应接近还原终点时,混合还原剂含碳球团的金属化率为95.63%,基本接近无烟煤含碳球团的金属化率,但是在含碳球团中加入混合还原剂会引起一定程度的球团膨胀。