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1.
    
The accident at unit 3 of the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant was analyzed with THALES2 for the progression of severe accident coupled with Kiche for the iodine chemistry in aqueous phase. The analysis indicated that, compared with the analysis without the aqueous phase iodine chemistry, a significantly larger amount of iodine was released from the water pool of the suppression chamber (S/C) with forms of molecular iodine and organic iodine due to the repeated operation of the containment venting system. It was also implied in the sensitivity analysis that the late phase release of the volatile iodine species was largely influenced by the pH of the S/C water and gas–liquid mass transfer coefficient under a gas–liquid two-phase flow condition.  相似文献   

2.
    
The 24th Fukushima Dialogue, a stakeholder meeting to discuss the future of the recovery phase in Fukushima Prefecture among the younger generation, was held in the town of Naraha in the Futaba district of the Fukushima Prefecture, in November 2022. Following a series of presentations, participants to the meeting aged 18 to 35 discussed the current challenges of the reconstruction activities in the Fukushima Prefecture and what is needed to improve the situation. The Dialogue revealed that the younger generation has difficulty in grasping what is meant by reconstruction and readily distinguishes between the “large” reconstruction of authorities and the “small” one of individuals. It also revealed that the Fukushima accident had a strong impact on the sense of belonging of its inhabitants to the region and that they now aspire to build a new identity by regaining control of their lives, even if it is sometimes a painful process. Finally, the Dialogue brought to light that the younger generation is willing and ready to engage in the decision-making process related to the recovery phase in the Fukushima Prefecture.https://doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/2023021  相似文献   

3.
介绍了福岛核事故后世界上主要核电国家相继开展的核电厂安全检查、再评价行动,并得出相应的检查和测试结论。法国、美国和中国等国家分别提出了福岛核事故后改进核电厂安全的建议、要求和行动,并制定了具体工程措施:在极端外部事件的设防,严重事故预防和缓解,水、电、通风实体改进,限制严重事故下的放射性释放和应急准备等主要方面开展的安全改进行动,将会提高核电厂的安全水平并提升缓解严重事故的能力。反思福岛核事故,总结福岛核事故对核电安全技术改进的促进作用,对未来核电安全技术的发展进行了展望。  相似文献   

4.
    
ABSTRACT

Characterization of fuel debris is required to develop fuel debris removal tools for decommissioning Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (1F). Especially, knowledge about the characteristics of molten core-concrete interaction (MCCI) product is needed because of the limited information available at present. Samples from a large-scale MCCI test performed under quenching conditions, VULCANO VW-U1 were analyzed to evaluate the characteristics of the surface of MCCI product. Four samples were selected from test sections at different locations. As a result, the characteristics of the samples were found to be similar. Several corium phases, such as cubic-(U,Zr)O2 and tetragonal ZrO2, were detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD), but concrete-based phases, such as the crystalline SiO2 phase, were not detected by XRD because the quantity of the SiO2 phase was too small to be measured. The Vickers hardness of each phase in these samples was higher than that of previously analyzed samples in another VULCANO test campaign, VBS-U4. Based on a comparison between MCCI product generated under quenching condition, such as VW-U1, and gently cooled MCCI product, such as VBS-U4, the MCCI product generated under quenching condition is more homogeneous, and its hardness is higher than that of the gently cooled MCCI product.  相似文献   

5.
    
Sensitivity calculation on melt behavior and lower head response at Fukushima Daiichi unit 1 reactor was performed with methods for estimation of leakages and consequences of releases (MELCOR) 2.1 and moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method. Four sensitivity cases were calculated, considering safety relief valve (SRV) seizure, penetrations and debris porosity. The results indicated that the lower head failed due to creep rupture, not considering penetrations; otherwise it would have failed due to penetration tube rupture and ejection at an earlier time, resulting in part of debris dropping into the cavity of the drywell. The temperature of residual debris in pressure vessel kept low, and the vessel wall did not suffer creep failure up to 15 hours after reactor scram from which moment the water injection became available. Another aspect was that reactor pressure vessel (RPV) depressurization postponed the lower head creep failure time, and the low debris porosity brought forward the penetration rupture time. Either lower head creep failure or penetration rupture and ejection occurred in the central part of the pressure vessel. In MPS calculation, a slice of debris bed together with lower head, including an instrument guide tube, was chosen as the computational domain. Detailed temperature profiles in debris bed, penetration and vessel wall were obtained. The penetration rupture time calculated by MPS was earlier than the MELCOR result, while the vessel wall creep failure time was later.  相似文献   

6.
2011年3月11日,日本福岛核事故导致放射性物质向大气环境的大规模释放。本工作利用大气数值预报模式WRFV2.2.1和大气弥散模式CALPUFF,对事故期间放射性物质的大气输运和弥散进行了模拟。应用大气释放源项的逆推算方法,结合单位释放率条件下的大气弥散模拟结果和环境监测数据,对福岛第一核电厂1到3号机组向大气环境释放的放射性核素总量进行了评估,推算的131I和137 Cs气载释放量分别为8.6×1016 Bq和8.6×1015 Bq。  相似文献   

7.
    
On 27 November 2021, the non-profit organization (NPO) Fukushima Dialogue held the 23rd Fukushima Dialogue meeting in Naraha Machi, Fukushima Prefecture. The theme was “Sharing the situation surrounding Fukushima Daiichi treated water”. It was the 23rd meeting since the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) launched the ICRP Dialogue in Fukushima Prefecture in 2011, which the NPO Fukushima Dialogue took over in 2019. Held in a hybrid form, it was open to the public and has gathered up to 120 participants. The first part was devoted to presentations related to the theme of the meeting: technical aspects, testimonies about local (institutional or not) and foreign (Korea) perception, experiences from abroad of stakeholder involvement in the nuclear field. The second part was devoted to a structured dialogue between a panel of local citizens. The audience was participatory. This article summarizes the fruitful exchanges during these two days.https://doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/2023004  相似文献   

8.
袁璐  曹学武 《原子能科学技术》2021,55(11):2036-2042
基于LHS(拉丁超立方体抽样)方法及Pearson和Spearman相关系数,通过MELCOR程序对600 MW级核电厂开展了全厂断电(SBO)严重事故下氢气源项的不确定性量化及参数重要度分析。选取电厂热功率、碎片床孔隙度、包壳中存在未完全氧化的锆合金时燃料棒能维持几何形状的最高温度、熔融物烛流过程最大流速作为不确定输入变量,经过对100组输入集的计算,最终得到了95%置信度下压力容器内氢气产量的统计分布及各参数的影响程度。结果表明:压力容器内的氢气产量在239~424 kg范围内,相当于34.5%~61.2%锆 水反应产生的氢气量,且符合正态分布;碎片床孔隙度对压力容器内氢气产量有显著正相关影响。  相似文献   

9.
福岛乏燃料水池事故探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
日本福岛核事故暴露出乏燃料水池安全的重要性和严峻性,乏燃料水池的安全监管应给予高度重视.本文描述了日本福岛第一核电厂乏燃料水池的基本情况,简要分析了4号机组乏燃料水池的事故起因和乏燃料源项,最后总结了从此次事故中汲取的经验教训.  相似文献   

10.
The present article is the second part of a two-part article, examining the feasibility of the method proposed in the preceding part. In this method, the ratio of the core uncovered from water x u, the ratio of the core flooded by water x f, the ratio of the core slumped into the pedestal area of the drywell x s, and the ratio of the injected water leaking before reaching the core x wl are the four important uncertain parameters. The base case study shows that water injection via the core spray line is more effective to cool the uncovered core and to reduce the amount of cesium hydroxide (CsOH) released from the drywell. The sensitivity study is conducted by introducing the dimensionless decay heat N qd, which combines the effects of x f, x s, and x wl on the steam generation rate associated with the forced convection cooling in the reactor pressure vessel (RPV). The results show that the temperatures of the uncovered core and the other structures increase with N qd. Consequently, the release rate of CsOH also increases with N qd. The relationships of the measurable RPV wall temperature with the temperatures of the uncovered core and the structures as well as the release characteristics of CsOH are also examined.  相似文献   

11.
介绍了日本核电厂新安全要求的出台背景和内容概要,分析了新安全要求现阶段存在的问题和需要改进的方向。将日本核电厂新安全要求中的内容和特点加以总结,为我国提高核安全监管水平提供借鉴和参考。  相似文献   

12.
日本福岛第一核电站事故源项及后果评价   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
根据已有的日本福岛第一核电站相关资料,利用美国核管理委员会《轻水堆核电厂事故源项》中的假设条件,计算出事故后安全壳内的放射性源项,综合考虑各种不确定性因素,得出较为保守的环境释放源项。采用美国核管理委员会RG 1.4中大气扩散模式的假设计算大气弥散因子,并应用ICRP 71号出版物F、GR 12号报告等资料中的剂量计算...  相似文献   

13.
在发生核电厂严重事故时,为更加快速准确地估算释放至环境的气载放射性核素泄漏速率,提出了一种新的源项反演方法。该方法基于在安全壳附近主动布设的移动探测点所获取的γ能谱数据反演源项,研究了合适探测距离的选择、移动探测点的有效布设及准确反演单个核素泄漏速率的方法。根据研究结果,选择气载放射性核素中泄漏量及特征γ射线能量均相对高的88Kr作为特征核素进行能谱分析;确定合适的探测距离范围为距离安全壳100 m以内;建立γ能谱数据与特征核素泄漏速率的关系,在数值上准确反演放射性核素的泄漏速率。  相似文献   

14.
This paper presents a simple approach for estimating the structure temperatures including the uncovered reactor core inside the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) and the release rates of fission products deposited in the RPV to the reactor building (R/B) at a certain time after the occurrence of a severe accident at a nuclear power plant (NPP). First, basic concepts are presented and then, a simplified steady-state heat balance model is proposed for estimating the temperatures of the uncovered reactor core and the upper structure in the RPV as well as the temperature of the RPV wall. In addition, models for estimating the revaporization rate of cesium hydroxide (CsOH) in the RPV and the leak rate of CsOH to the R/B via the drywell are also presented. The proposed approach is anticipated to be applicable to the damaged Units 1–3 of the Fukushima Daiichi NPP.  相似文献   

15.
施锦  陈松 《中国核电》2011,(3):278-281,277
日本福岛核事故后,我国核电站认真吸取教训,在总结经验教训的基础上,结合核电站设计和运行的关系说明了核电站预防性维修的重要性。文章介绍了预防性维修的内容和制定预防性维修大纲的基本技术方法,阐述了核电站预防性维修的方法及其所起到的安全保障作用。  相似文献   

16.
根据核电厂工况进行应急防护决策   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
介绍了美国核管会 (NRC)和国际原子能机构 (IAEA)有关在严重事故期间根据核电厂工况进行防护决策的方法 ,特别是制定核电厂应急行动水平、根据核电厂工况进行堆芯损坏评价、估计源项和确定防护行动的方法。为提高我国核电厂应急响应的有效性 ,提高在事故期间进行防护决策的科学性 ,建议我国应尽快掌握和研究制定核电厂应急行动水平、事故期间评价堆芯损坏和估计源项的方法学  相似文献   

17.
由于对环境影响的关注,日本福岛核电站事故后,人们进行了大气、陆地和海洋环境人工放射性核素变化监测与研究,研究的主要核素是131I、137 Cs、134 Cs和129I。除了关注浓度水平的变化外,还进行了通过大气和海流对事故释放的放射性核素运行路径的模拟研究。研究表明,受气候条件的控制,事故释放进入大气的放射性核素先经过太平洋到达北美,然后越过大西洋到达欧洲,最后绕北半球一周后到达中国。除事故核电站周边外,全球大气中131I活度浓度在mBq/m3量级,137 Cs活度浓度在0.1~1mBq/m3量级。事故释放进入海洋的放射性核素将随海流向东输运,然后在北太平洋随环流输运。研究也发现在离开源地不远的海区,由于混合进入200m水深以下的次表层水,在远离事故核电站海区水体的137 Cs活度浓度可达100Bq/m3,但大部分水体137 Cs活度浓度在Bq/m3量级,仅稍高于本底水平。  相似文献   

18.
王海平  于淼  任丽娟 《辐射防护》2018,38(5):415-420
压水堆核电厂一回路辐射场的影响因素众多,主要有两个方面,一是系统设备的材料,二是一回路水化学参数。本文对田湾核电厂溶解H2、硼碱协调曲线控制、注Zn技术、停堆氧化对辐射源项的影响进行探讨,最后提出建议。  相似文献   

19.
    
The atmospheric release rates of I-131 and Cs-137 from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in March 2011 were estimated by comparing environmental monitoring data of air concentration and deposition rate on a regional scale with calculated values from an atmospheric dispersion model. Although the release rates were not estimated for all days after 11 March, because of lack of monitoring data, temporal changes in the release rates were reasonably estimated with estimated uncertainties in a factor of 3.3 and 2.9 for I-131 and Cs-137, respectively. A large release was estimated from the night of 14 March to at least the afternoon of 15 March, with maximum values of 7.2 × 1015 Bq h?1 for I-131 and 1.5 × 1014 Bq h?1 for Cs-137. The release rates during other periods were estimated at one- to two-orders of magnitude smaller than the largest release rate on 15 March. Uncertainty in the estimated release rate for 15 and 20 March was larger than for other periods. The significant release during 14 and 15 March and the trend of the release rate by the end of March were consistent with previous reports. This agreement, despite using different datasets, shows robustness of the temporal changes estimated in the studies.  相似文献   

20.
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