复杂并行机调度问题基于分解的优化算法

针对纺织生产过程中广泛存在的带特殊工艺约束的大规模并行机调度问题，提出了一种基于分解的优化算法。首先将原调度问题分解为机台选择和工件排序两个子问题，然后针对机台选择子问题提出一种进化规划算法，并采用一种具有多项式时间复杂度的最优算法求解工件排序子问题，以得到问题特征信息（即每台机器对应拖期工件数的最小值），该问题特征信息用以指导进化规划算法的迭代过程。不同规模并行机调度问题的数值计算结果及实际制造企业应用效果表明，本文提出的算法是有效的。     

两级差分进化算法求解多资源作业车间批量调度问题

以优化生产周期为目标,研究并建立了多资源作业车间批量调度问题模型.提出一种新的两级差分进化算法,采用两级染色体编码来解决批量划分和排序优化问题;设计了基于自适应差分进化算法(DE)的全局搜索操作,并在算法框架中嵌入了基于Interchange邻域结构的局部搜索;基于等量划分原则,为每个工件确定最优批次数及子批次的批量大小,并为各子批次确定最优排序.通过单资源算例和多资源实例仿真表明了模型和算法的可行性和有效性.     

动态种群划分量子遗传算法求解几何约束

几何约束问题的约束方程组可转化为优化模型,因此约束求解问题可以转化为优化问题。针对传统量子遗传算法个体间信息交换不足,易使算法陷入局部最优的缺点,提出了动态种群划分量子遗传算法（dynamic population divided quantum genetic algorithm,DPDQGA）,并将其应用于几何约束求解中。该算法种群中的个体按照一定规则自发地进行信息交换。在每一代进化的开始阶段,分别对两个初始种群中的个体计算个体适应度。将两个种群合并,使用联赛选择的方法为种群中的个体打分,并按照得分对种群进行排序。最后将合并的种群重新划分为两个子种群。实验表明,基于动态种群划分的量子遗传算法求解几何约束问题具有更好的求解精度和求解速率。     

工件可拒绝的有限等待置换流水车间调度算法

有限等待限定了工件在相邻机器间的等待时间上下限,普遍存在于中间产品性质不稳定且存在运输作业的车间环境中.工件可拒绝的有限等待置换流水车间调度是对工件拒绝和工件调度的联合决策,要求确定拒绝工件集合并给出被接受工件的调度方案.针对这一联合决策问题,以最小化总拒绝成本与总拖期成本之和为目标,并为最大完工时间(Makespan)设置上限约束,结合问题特征提出一种协同进化遗传算法.该算法将染色体编码分解为工件拒绝和工件序列两个子集,基于调度规则生成初始种群,引入协同进化策略依次进化子集种群,并提出基于记忆的动态概率参数设计方法以确定遗传算子的执行概率,设计解码规则以保证解的可行性并优化总成本.最后,通过数据实验验证了所提出算法及相关策略的可行性和有效性,并分析了问题参数对算法性能的影响.     

带运输时间混合流水车间成组调度的协同进化文化基因算法EI北大核心CSCD

研究了一类带有序列相关准备时间和阶段间运输时间的混合流水车间成组调度问题,以最小化最大完工时间为目标建立混合整数线性规划模型,结合问题特征提出一种协同进化文化基因算法.算法采用置换序列的方式对工件组间调度、各工件组内工件间调度以及各工件组在各阶段上并行机的指派3个子问题进行统一编码,基于负载均衡思想和改进的先到先得策略将染色体解码为问题的可行解;进化过程中采用多种遗传算子执行全域搜索,并设计了一种基于破坏和重新构造的协同进化局部搜索策略.通过不同问题规模的数据实验和与对比算法的比较分析,验证了所提模型和算法的有效性.     

基于协同进化的约束多目标优化算法

针对约束多目标优化算法存在难以有效地兼顾收敛性和多样性的问题,提出一种基于协同进化的约束多目标优化算法。第一阶段,通过基于稳态演化的可行解搜索方式得到一个具有一定数量可行解的种群;第二阶段,将这个种群拆分为两个子种群,并通过双子种群协同进化的方式实现对收敛性和多样性的兼顾;最后采用标准约束多目标优化问题CF1~CF7、DOC1~DOC7和实际工程问题进行仿真实验,以测试所提算法的求解性能。实验结果表明,与基于约束支配准则的非支配排序遗传算法（NSGA-Ⅱ-CDP）、两阶段算法（ToP）、推拉搜索算法（PPS）和约束多目标优化的双存档进化算法（C-TAEA）相比,所提算法在反向世代距离（IGD）和超体积（HV）两个指标上均取得了良好的结果,说明所提算法可以有效地兼顾收敛性和多样性。     

混合并行机调度问题的多目标优化模型及算法

针对生产工序的合并造成一种串并联共存的生产布局,研究了一种特殊的混合并行机调度问题,并考虑以最小化总流水时间和最小化总延迟工件数量为目标的多目标调度问题,建立了混合整数规划模型.针对模型特点,设计了一种改进的非支配排序遗传算法进行求解,采用基于启发式方法的初始种群生成方式以提高种群的质量和多样性,并引入一种局域搜索策略以改善求解算法所获得的非支配解的质量及分布性.通过对大量数值算例进行仿真实验,并与典型的多目标优化算法进行比较,结果表明所提出的模型和算法在收敛性、分布性及极端点质量方面均具有优势,能够较好的解决多目标混合并行机调度问题.     

混合遗传算法求解含机器可利用约束的HFSP

针对含机器阻塞和可利用约束的混合流水车间调度优化问题,考虑工件运输时间,以最小化总加权完工时间为优化目标,建立混合整数规划模型,提出一种基于启发式规则的自适应混合遗传算法求解该模型.在传统遗传算法的基础结构上,引入五种启发式规则生成部分初始种群,从而改善部分初始解的质量;设计分段自适应交叉概率和变异概率计算公式,以加快算法收敛;利用局域搜索对得到的调度解进行再次优化,进一步提高算法搜索能力.对不同规模问题进行仿真实验,结果验证了该算法的可行性和有效性.     

求解考虑机器调整时间的并行机分批优化调度问题

基于目前车间调度问题是以单个或整批进行生产加工的并行机调度模型已不再符合实际工况下的车间生产。提出以最小化最大完工时间为优化目标,对遗传差分进化混合算法,灰狼差分进化混合算法进行了比较。为提高加工工件进行分批及分批之后子批的分配与排序效率,该问题是对不同规模的经典并行机调度问题进行求解并展示两种算法的求解,证明了灰狼差分进化混合算法在寻优性能上优于遗传差分进化混合算法,不仅具有更好的解的稳定性,而且具有更高的寻优精度。     

GA/LP算法求解带组换装时间的单机调度问题

以包头某钢铁线材企业实际调度问题为背景,针对带组换装时间的单机提前/拖期调度问题,建立了混合整数线性规划模型.根据模型的特点,将该问题的求解分为最优排序变量的确定和最优开工时间的确定两个层次.由于该问题是NP难的,提出了一种基于遗传算法和线性规划相结合的GA/LP算法.在算法中,利用GA在外层搜索遍历二元变量空间来优化工件排序;在内层则利用LP来确定满足约束条件的最优连续解.为了提高算法寻优性能,降低算法运行时间,提出了一种基于问题特征的种群初始化方法.最后,针对三种交叉算子在随机问题上进行了测试,实验结果表明,该算法能够有效求解问题.     

The total completion time open shop scheduling problem with a given sequence of jobs on one machine

This paper addresses the open shop scheduling problem to minimize the total completion time, provided that one of the machines has to process the jobs in a given sequence. The problem is NP-hard in the strong sense even for the two-machine case. A lower bound is derived based on the optimal solution of a relaxed problem in which the operations on every machine may overlap except for the machine with a given sequence of jobs. This relaxed problem is NP-hard in the ordinary sense, however it can be quickly solved via a decomposition into subset-sum problems. Both heuristic and branch-and-bound algorithm are proposed. Experimental results show that the heuristic is efficient for solving large-scaled problems, and the branch-and-bound algorithm performs well on small-scaled problems.Scope and purposeShop scheduling problems, widely used in the modeling of industrial production processes, are receiving an increasing amount of attention from researchers. To model practical production processes more closely, additional processing restrictions can be introduced, e.g., the resource constraints, the no-wait in process requirement, the precedence constraints, etc. This paper considers the total completion time open shop scheduling problem with a given sequence of jobs on one machine. This model belongs to a new class of shop scheduling problems under machine-dependent precedence constraints. This problem is NP-hard in the strong sense. A heuristic is proposed to efficiently solve large-scaled problems and a branch-and-bound algorithm is presented to optimally solve small-scaled problems. Computational experience is also reported.     

Integrated production and preventive maintenance scheduling for a single machine with failure uncertainty

This paper addresses the problem of finding a robust and stable schedule for a single machine with availability constraints. The machine suffers unexpected breakdowns and follows the Weibull failure function. A joint model for integrating run-based preventive maintenance (PM) into the production scheduling problem is proposed, in which the sequence of jobs, the PM times and the planned completion times of jobs are proactively determined simultaneously. Aiming at optimizing the bi-objective of system robustness and stability, a genetic algorithm based on the properties of the optimal schedule is proposed. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is efficient and effective under practical problem sizes. In addition, the impact of degree of uncertainty on the performance and the tradeoff between robustness and stability are explored in detail.     

Scheduling of no buffer job shop cells with blocking constraints and automated guided vehicles

The blocking job shop (BJS) problem is an extension of a job shop problem with no buffer constraints. It means that after a job is completed on the current machine, it remains on that machine until the next machine becomes available. This paper addresses an extension of the BJS problem, which takes into account transferring jobs between different machines using a limited number of automated guided vehicles (AGV), called a BJS–AGV problem. Two integer non-linear programming (INLP) models are proposed. A two-stage heuristic algorithm that combines an improving timetabling method and a local search is proposed to solve the BJS–AGV problem. A neighborhood structure in the local search is proposed based on a disjunctive graph model. According to the characteristics of the BJS–AGV problem, four principles are proposed to guarantee the feasibility of the search neighborhood. Computation results are presented for a set of benchmarking tests, some of which are enlarged by transportation times between different machines. The numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed two-stage algorithm.     

带不相关并行机和有限缓冲MHFS调度的混合启发式算法

研究每阶段含不相关并行机的多阶段混合流水车间问题(MHFSP),工件的加工时间取决于所分配的机器,相邻阶段之间缓冲区能力有限.鉴于直接求解该NP-hard问题较为困难,将其转化为带阻塞和不相关并行机的MHFSP (BMHFSP-UPM),建立整数规划模型,基于遗传算法(GA)和禁忌搜索(TS)提出一种混合启发式算法(HHGA&TS)进行求解.在该算法中,设计基于多阶段并行加工的二维矩阵编码方案,继而基于二维矩阵元胞组的初始解群体表述设计参数自适应策略;引入基于工件位-基因位的单点倒置交叉以及基于机器号的单点变异过程,利用GA求解机制完成解更新过程;设计机器号次序交换(MNE)、工件位置交换(JNE)、工件工序变异(JNM)三种邻域解移动规则,从而完成基于MNE-JNE-JNM的TS二次优化.仿真实验测试了多达120个工件的720组不同规模实例,结果表明,相较于GA、TS及NEH-IGA,所提出的混合启发式算法在解的质量方面表现更佳.     

A three-phase algorithm for flowshop scheduling with blocking to minimize makespan

This paper proposes a three-phase algorithm (TPA) for the flowshop scheduling problem with blocking (BFSP) to minimize makespan. In the first phase, the blocking nature of BFSP is exploited to develop a priority rule that creates a sequence of jobs. Using this as the initial sequence and a variant of the NEH-insert procedure, the second phase generates an approximate solution to the problem. Then, utilizing a modified simulated annealing algorithm incorporated with a local search procedure, the schedule generated in the second phase is improved in the third phase. A pruning procedure that helps evaluate most solutions without calculating their complete makespan values is introduced in the local search to further reduce the computational time needed to solve the problem. Results of the computational experiments with Taillard's benchmark problem instances show that the proposed TPA algorithm is relatively more effective and efficient in minimizing makespan for the BFSP than the state-of-the-art procedures. Utilizing these results, 53 out of 60 new tighter upper bounds have been found for large-sized Taillard's benchmark problem instances.     

An artificial neural network based heuristic for flow shop scheduling problems

The objective of this paper is to find a sequence of jobs in the flow shop to minimize makespan. A feed forward back propagation neural network is used to solve the problem. The network is trained with the optimal sequences of completely enumerated five, six and seven jobs, ten machine problem and this trained network is then used to solve the problem with greater number of jobs. The sequence obtained using artificial neural network (ANN) is given as the initial sequence to a heuristic proposed by Suliman and also to genetic algorithm (GA) as one of the sequences of the population for further improvement. The approaches are referred as ANN-Suliman heuristic and ANN-GA heuristic respectively. Makespan of the sequences obtained by these heuristics are compared with the makespan of the sequences obtained using the heuristic proposed by Nawaz, Enscore and Ham (NEH) and Suliman Heuristic initialized with Campbell Dudek and Smith (CDS) heuristic called as CDS-Suliman approach. It is found that the ANN-GA and ANN-Suliman heuristic approaches perform better than NEH and CDS-Suliman heuristics for the problems considered.     

Parallel machine earliness/tardiness scheduling problem under the effects of position based learning and linear/nonlinear deterioration

This paper considers a parallel machine earliness/tardiness (ET) scheduling problem with different penalties under the effects of position based learning and linear and nonlinear deterioration. The problem has common due-date for all jobs, and effects of learning and deterioration are considered simultaneously. By the effects of learning we mean that the job processing time decreases along the sequence of partly similar jobs, and by the effects of deterioration we mean slowing performance or time increases along the sequence of jobs. This study shows that optimal solution for ET scheduling problem under effects of learning and deterioration is V-shape schedule under certain agreeable conditions. Furthermore, we design a mathematical model for the problem under study and algorithm and lower bound procedure to solve larger test problems. The algorithm can solve problems of 1000 jobs and four machines within 3 s on average. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated using results of the mathematical model.     

Optimizing blocking flow shop scheduling problem with total completion time criterion

The blocking flow shop scheduling problem has found many applications in manufacturing systems. There are a few exact methods for solving this problem with different criteria. In this paper, efforts will be made to optimize the total completion time criterion for this problem. We present two mixed binary integer programming models, one of which is based on the departure times of jobs from machines, and the other is based on the idle and blocking times of jobs. An initial upper bound generator and some lower bounds and dominance rules are also developed to be used in a branch and bound algorithm. The algorithm solves 17 instances of the Taillard's benchmark problem set in less than 20 min.     

A new encoding scheme-based hybrid algorithm for minimising two-machine flow-shop group scheduling problem

This article investigates the two-machine flow-shop group scheduling problem (GSP) with sequence-dependent setup and removal times, and job transportation times between machines. The objective is to minimise the total completion time. As known, this problem is an NP-hard problem and generalises the typical two-machine GSPs. In this article, a new encoding scheme based on permutation representation is proposed to transform a random job permutation to a feasible permutation for GSPs. The proposed encoding scheme simultaneously determines both the sequence of jobs in each group and the sequence of groups. By reasonably combining particle swarm optimisation (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA), we develop a fast and easily implemented hybrid algorithm (HA) for solving the considered problems. The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed HA are demonstrated and compared with those of standard PSO and GA by numerical results of various tested instances with group numbers up to 20. In addition, three different lower bounds are developed to evaluate the solution quality of the HA. Limited numerical results indicate that the proposed HA is a viable and effective approach for the studied two-machine flow-shop group scheduling problem.     

A hybrid memetic algorithm for maximizing the weighted number of just-in-time jobs on unrelated parallel machines

This paper presents a hybrid memetic algorithm for the problem of scheduling n jobs on m unrelated parallel machines with the objective of maximizing the weighted number of jobs that are completed exactly at their due dates. For each job, due date, weight, and the processing times on different machines are given. It has been shown that when the numbers of machines are a part of input, this problem is NP-hard in the strong sense. At first, the problem is formulated as an integer linear programming model. This model is practical to solve small-size problems. Afterward, a hybrid memetic algorithm is implemented which uses two heuristic algorithms as constructive algorithms, making initial population set. A data oriented mutation operator is implemented so as to facilitate memetic algorithm search process. Performance of all algorithms including heuristics (H1 and H2), hybrid genetic algorithm and hybrid memetic algorithm are evaluated through computational experiments which showed the capabilities of the proposed hybrid algorithm.