颗粒增强Sn-Ag基无铅复合钎料显微组织与性能

通过外加法向Sn-3.5Ag焊料中加入体积分数为10%的微米级Cu、Ni颗粒制备了无铅复合钎料,对钎料的显微组织、拉剪及润湿性能进行了研究。结果表明,颗粒周围以及基板界面处的显微组织中生成了金属间化合物,其形态及大小因加入颗粒而不同。颗粒的加入提高了钎料钎焊接头的剪切强度,其中Cu颗粒增强的接头的剪切强度提高了33%,Ni颗粒的提高了20%。两种复合钎料的铺展面积均下降了约15%,其中Cu颗粒增强复合钎料润湿角由11°增加到18°。     

三种高Sn无铅钎料的表面张力和润湿性能研究

采用悬滴法测量了3种无铅钎料合金(Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu、Sn-0.7Cu与Sn-9.0Zn)在260℃时的表面张力,分别为525.5,534.8和595.4 mN/m;同时采用座滴法测量了其在260℃熔融状态下与Cu基板的接触角,分别为24.5°、28.0°和102.5°,并且与传统Sn-37.0Pb钎料进行了比较研究。结果表明,无铅钎料合金的表面张力与接触角均大于Sn-37.0Pb钎料。结合Young-Dupre公式讨论了钎料合金表面张力与其润湿性能的相关性,认为Sn基钎料合金在Cu基板上的润湿性能主要取决于其表面张力。     

Sn-8Zn-3Bi无铅焊料的表面改性

采用液相法用有机物改性剂对Sn-8Zn-3Bi焊料进行表面包覆改性,以改善焊料的润湿性能及抗氧化性能。对包覆样品进行了红外光谱表征。考察了样品的抗氧化性、润湿性能和存储性能。结果表明:采用液相法可以实现在Sn-8Zn-3Bi焊料表面包覆有机物。以有机物C为改性剂,且用量为2%(质量分数)时得到的改性样品的润湿角θ为7.8°,铺展面积S为108.83mm2,而未被改性的焊料θ为10.74°,S为93.40mm2。     

Sn-Cu系无松香无卤免清洗助焊剂研制

将低沸点与高沸点的有机酸进行复配,添加沸点接近波峰焊温度的混合溶剂及其他添加剂,得到了一种用于Sn-Cu系波峰焊无铅焊锡的助焊剂。测试结果表明:当丁二酸、衣康酸、己二酸、三异丙醇胺的质量比为4∶2∶3∶1,有机酸活化剂质量分数为5%,表面活性剂质量分数为0.15%,成膜剂质量分数为0.50%,有机溶剂质量分数为15%,余量为去离子水时,助焊剂溶液的pH值约为4,钎料焊后的铺展率接近于77%,焊点饱满光亮,对铜板腐蚀性小,焊后无残留,绝缘性良好。     

SnAgCuRE系钎料合金的润湿特性

选择商用水溶性钎剂,以润湿平衡法,研究了SnAgCuRE系钎料合金在表面贴装元器件上的润湿特性。结果表明:当w(RE)为0.1%时,预热15s,255℃钎焊5s,该钎料合金具有最大的润湿力1.510mN和最小的润湿角11.03°,与传统的Sn63Pb37钎料的润湿力相当,可满足表面组装元器件对其润湿性能的要求。     

SAC305无铅钎料在Au／Ni镀层上的铺展性能研究

文章阐述了钎料润湿的基本原理,分析了关键工艺参数对钎料铺展性能的影响规律。针对温度、时间和表面状态等关键参数／状态,对无铅钎料SAC305在Au／Ni镀层上的铺展性能开展试验研究。结果表明,随着焊接温度和保温时间的增加,无铅钎料SAC305的铺展性能明显改善,铺展系数逐渐趋于100％。同时,通过RF的Ar等离子对钎料进行表面预处理也能够使其铺展性能有所改善。试验结果与理论分析具有较好的一致性。     

一种醇基低固含量免清洗助焊剂的研制

通过无铅焊料的焊点铺展及润湿力实验考察了活性剂对助焊剂润湿性能的影响,并据此研制出了一种以乙醇为溶剂、以有机酸和有机胺为活性剂并使用复合表面活性剂的免清洗助焊剂.结果表明:使用复合表面活性剂的助焊剂的润湿效果要好于使用单一表面活性剂的助焊剂.其中,以使用Op-4与壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚质量比为8:1的复合表面活性剂的助焊剂的...     

Sn对BiSbCu钎料钎焊工艺性能的影响

在BiSbCu钎料中添加Sn,分析Sn对BiSbCu钎料合金钎焊工艺性能的主要指标——钎料熔点和铺展面积的影响。结果表明:在Bi5Sb2Cu钎料合金中加入Sn可以显著降低钎料的熔点和显著增强钎料合金的铺展性能。当Sn的质量分数为10%时,Bi5Sb2Cu钎料的铺展面积为26.22 mm2,钎焊工艺性能最好。     

Sn-Ag-Bi系钎料焊接性能研究

讨论了电子软钎料的钎焊性能及其影响因素,钎料的钎焊性能很大程度取决于钎料对基板的润湿性能,而润湿性能与液态钎料在基板上的液、固、气三相界面张力有关。通过建立简化的数学模型,得出了润湿角与钎料熔滴铺展面积间的数学关系式。文中采用铺展面积法对Sn-Ag-Bi系钎料钎焊性能进行评估,结果表明在添加少量的Zn,可在一定程度上提高钎料的润湿性能,并可减少Bi的用量。     

无铅焊料用水基无卤无VOC助焊剂

采用无卤素有机酸和有机胺作为活化剂,以去离子水为溶剂,并添加非离子表面活性剂,通过铺展率实验对各主要成分及配比进行选择和优化设计,研究了一种无铅焊料用水基无卤无VOC助焊剂。依据电子行业标准对研制的助焊剂进行了性能测试。结果表明,制备的助焊剂不含卤素、VOC物质,对无铅焊料的润湿性强,焊点光亮饱满,焊后残留少,铺展率可达78.2%,适用于SnAgCu和SnCu无铅焊料的波峰焊。     

Experimental Wettability Study of Lead-Free Solder on Cu Substrates Using Varying Flux and Temperature

The selection of soldering flux plays a critical role in promoting wetting and product reliability of printed circuit board assemblies. In this study, the effects of fluxes on the wetting characteristics of the Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu solder alloy on Cu substrates was researched by using various flux systems at different soldering temperatures. Because of the distinct characteristic of the lead-free solder—poor wettability—three kinds of fluxes [no-clean flux with high solid content (NCF), rosin mildly activated flux (RMA) and water-soluble flux (WSF)] were chosen for the wetting experiments. The wetting time and force were the evaluating indicators. The experimental observations indicated that the wettability clearly depended on the soldering temperature and flux system when using the same solder. Furthermore, the corrosion potential of flux residues was measured by surface insulation resistance (SIR) testing. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to determine the contents of the flux residues and corrosion products.     

无铅药芯焊锡丝用非松香基固体助焊剂的研究

针对现有松香固体助焊剂活性温度低和焊后变色的问题,研制了以十八酸、聚乙二醇和少量耐热松香作为载体,以己二酸和癸二酸复配作为活性剂的非松香基固体助焊剂.此助焊剂常温下为白色膏状,熔点范围110℃～130 ℃,满足Sn-0.7Cu无铅药芯焊锡丝灌芯和拔丝工艺.助焊剂中各成分沸点在300℃左右,满足手工烙铁焊高温要求且大大减...     

无铅波峰焊设备的特点

相对于传统的Sn-Pb焊料,无铅焊料需要较高的焊接温度,而且润湿性差,另外免清洗助焊剂和水溶性助焊剂的固体含量低,活性温度高和活性区间窄。无铅焊料和助焊剂的特性决定了无铅波峰焊设备在结构和材料选用上有很大不同。通过对无铅波峰焊设备的各个部分的特点进行分析,为传统的旧波峰焊设备的改造提供参考。     

Flux development for lead-free solders containing zinc

New lead-free solders containing zinc are promising candidates to replace near-eutectic tin-lead solders because the solders melt at lower temperatures than Sn-Ag-base solders. They also possess good mechanical and fatigue properties and are less expensive. However, the contact angle on copper for Sn-Zn solders is high when fluxes used for Sn-Pb solders are utilized. A novel approach for flux development to improve wetting of copper surfaces by tin-zinc eutectic solder was developed: tin containing organic compounds, which decomposes at soldering temperatures and produces metallic tin on surfaces to be soldered was added to several specially formulated fluxes. This process improves wetting of copper surfaces by molten tin-zinc eutectic solder. Fluxes were developed that give a contact angle as low as 20°.     

Influence of flux on wetting behavior of lead-free solder balls during the infrared-reflow process

The effects of two different fluxes (A6 and B6) on the wetting performance of Sn-3.5Ag-0.5Cu lead-free solder balls were investigated during the reflow process. Solder ball wetting behavior in real time via an optical microscope coupled with a video recorder during the reflow process was studied. The lead-free solder balls started to melt and wet at 210°C by using A6, which is 8°C lower than the melting point (218°C) of the solder material used. The wetting performance of the lead-free solder ball was dramatically enhanced by using A6. The wettability test indicated that the height of the solder ball after the reflow process with flux A6 was significantly lower than that with B6. It was found that strong fluxing capability caused these phenomena.     

无铅转化给波峰焊工艺所带来的问题研究

无铅焊料的应用使得波峰焊设备问题更加突出,其中主要的问题是设备的腐蚀及材料的寿命.无铅焊料和助焊剂的特性决定了无铅波峰焊设备在结构和材料选用上有很大不同.无铅钎料的成分配比不同于有铅钎料,因此在无铅钎焊时,其工艺流程、工艺参数也有所改变.从焊接温度、波峰高度、浸锡时间、冷却系统、传输系统等方面分析了无铅波峰焊的工艺要求...     

Contact angle measurements of Sn-Ag and Sn-Cu lead-free solders on copper substrates

In this study, the contact angles of four lead-free solders, namely, Sn-3.5Ag, Sn-3.5Ag-4.8Bi, Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu, and Sn-0.7Cu (wt.%), were measured on copper substrates at different temperatures. Measurements were performed using the sessile-drop method. Contact angles ranging from 30° to 40° after wetting under vacuum with no fluxes and between 10° and 30° with rosin mildly activated (RMA) and rosin activated (RA) fluxes were obtained. The Sn-3.5Ag-4.8Bi exhibited the lowest contact angles, indicating improved wettability with the addition of bismuth. For all soldering alloys, lower contact angles were observed using RMA flux. Intermetallics formed at the solder/Cu interface were identified as Cu₆Sn₅ adjacent to the solder and Cu₃Sn adjacent to the copper substrate. The Cu₃Sn intermetallic phase was generally not observed when RMA flux was used. The effect of temperature on contact angle was dependent on the type of flux used.     

无VOC助焊剂的无铅波峰焊工艺探讨

概述了一种新型绿色助焊剂——无挥发性有机化合物(VOC)助焊剂。该助焊剂有无松香、无卤素、免清洗、无污染、方便储存和运输等优点,已经成为助焊剂领域的发展方向。讨论了此助焊剂在无铅波峰焊中应用时需要注意的问题。结果表明,当电路板的预热温度控制在110～120℃,轨道倾角控制在5°～7°,印制板引线脚与焊料的接触时间3～5 s,焊接温度260℃并采用喷雾涂敷方法时,可达到理想的焊接效果。     

SnAgCu无铅焊膏用活性物质研究

以SnAgCu无铅焊膏铺展性能为主要指标,通过回流焊接实验,对用于助焊剂的17种有机酸活性物质进行了筛选。选取两种性能较好的有机酸配成复合活性物质,并对该活性物质的组成进行优化。用湿热试验测试焊后残留物的腐蚀性。结果表明:以羧基官能团比例为3:7的丁二酸和一元酸A混合物作为活性物质,并添加质量约0.66%的乙醇胺调整酸度,得到了pH值约为3的助焊剂;此助焊剂性能优良,可使焊点铺展率达到84%。使用含有此助焊剂的焊膏,采用回流焊接工艺在PCB板上贴装片式元件,所得焊点光亮饱满,且焊后残留物无腐蚀性,可以实现免清洗。     

微电子封装无铅焊料润湿性研究

为解决无铅焊料润湿性差的问题,采用卤化物活性剂松香焊剂,通过实验研究了Sn-9Zn焊料的润湿性。分析讨论了影响Sn-9Zn焊料润湿性的因素,获得了最佳匹配。在镀锡铜片上,有机卤化物+无机卤化物活性剂松香焊剂(#6焊剂)匹配Sn-9Zn焊料获得最佳的润湿性(润湿角为12°),接近Sn-37Pb焊料的润湿性。