微型异步发电机的运行管理

为解决偏远山区农村严重缺电、弥补大电网无法顾及的缺陷和加速山区农村电气化的进程,微型水电站已经得到越来越广泛的应用。微型水电站的设计者为了更切合山区农村的实际情况,要求电站的投资更省、维护与操作更简便、技术要求更低,绝大部分微型水电站均采用异步发电机。     

边远山区微水电的探讨

0前言徽水电是利用分布在广大丘陵山区村前屋后的小溪,小河进行发电的装置,功率在10kw以下,以离网方式直接供给用户。由于边远山区农村离电网较远,经济发展落后,居住分散等原因,短时期内无法拉到电网用电。微水电的推广,解决了部分边远山区农民生活照明用电问题。但也存在规划设计不当,微水电安装不规范,微型水力发电机组性能、质量差、管理不善等问题。制约了微水电的发展,挫伤了用户的积极性。2边远山区徽水电存在的问题及分析（1）规划设计：很多山村不按水力资源,地理位置这些实际情况建堰安装微水电,而是分户乱拦河建堰安…     

微型水轮机准同期并网装置的研究

由于微型水轮机并人局域电网需求的不断加大,微型水轮机组的频繁并网成为一个重要问题.为了提高微型水力发电系统并列操作的安全性和可靠性,并针对现有小水电系统并列时间长、精度低等问题,提出了一种针对微型水轮机的自动准同期装置的设计方法,着重分析利用反向输入的多路反馈二阶有源低通滤波获得整步电压,确定恒定导前时间,捕捉导前相角.详细介绍了控制器的设计原理及实现方案.实验结果表明,该自动准同期装置具有可快速准确同期、对系统冲击小的特点,提高了并列精度.     

基于转子储能的全功率变速水电机组低电压穿越控制策略研究

全功率变速水力发电机组是水力发电机组变速运行主要方式之一,能更快速度响应电网功率变化需求,对间歇性与随机性强的新能源消纳具有重要意义,其机组的低电压穿越能力是保障机组稳定并网运行的关键。提出了一种基于机组转子储能的低电压穿越控制策略,充分利用水力发电机组转子储能能力强和机组输入功率可以调节的特点,采用转子储能和调速器调节吸收控制电网电压跌落期间的机组不平衡能量,并根据电网电压跌落幅值通过网侧变流器向电网提供无功电流支撑。建立了系统各部件的数学模型,通过仿真比对了提出的控制策略与传统的策略,仿真结果表明提出的控制策略能有效抑制直流母线过电压,并向电网提供无功电流支撑,提高了全功率变速水力发电机组的低电压穿越能力。     

涡激式微型风能采集装置的控制系统研究北大核心CSCD

为了提高涡激式微型风能采集装置能量回收功率,文章基于同步电荷提取(SECE)电路,利用MSP430超低功耗单片机系统,设计了硬件电路与控制算法。对压电双晶片的两端电压进行峰值检测,同时产生脉冲信号,控制电路中MOS管的导通与关断,缩短压电片积累电荷的能量损耗,提升电路的回收功率。实验结果表明,在风速为14,16 m/s和18 m/s的条件下,与经典电路相比,基于SECE电路的涡激式微型风能采集装置的能量回收功率分别提高了75.3%,52.2%和47.8%。     

基于分布式新能源发电的并网逆变器设计

针对并网逆变器为分布式新能源发电重要的能量转换单元,分析了并网逆变器主电路拓扑结构,详细设计了逆变器各主要单元的硬件电路,指出了电路设计关键点及参数配置方法,并通过试验验证了该并网逆变器设计的有效性,为实际应用设计提供了参考。     

基于串联动态制动电阻的异步风电机组暂态稳定性研究

以并网笼型异步风电机组为例,分析了利用串联动态制动电阻提高并网异步风电机组在电网故障下暂态稳定性的作用机理以及效果.建立了并网异步风电机组的数学模型,基于Matlab/Simulink仿真平台,对比分析了采用串联动态制动电阻、并联动态制动电阻以及无功补偿装置的作用效果.仿真结果表明,采用串联动态制动电阻可以有效改善并网异步风力发电机组的暂态稳定性;同时,采用串联动态制动电阻和无功补偿装置,可显著提高机组的暂态稳定性,减少对无功补偿的需求,降低风电场的运行成本.     

一种应用于单相光伏微型逆变器的电路拓扑分析

现有的光伏微型逆变器大多由反激变换器与全桥逆变器构成。反激变换器具有结构简单、成本低的优点,是单相光伏微型逆变器的最佳选择,但其变压器漏感问题一直影响着系统效率。本文提出一种由升降压电路和反激电路相结合的升降压反激式电路拓扑结构,通过详细分析该拓扑结构的工作原理,发现该电路可将漏感能量吸收回馈电路,实现了漏感能量的再利用;同时实现了开关管漏源电压的钳位,提高系统能量利用率的同时,降低了开关管关断电压尖峰;最后通过SIMetrix仿真软件进行仿真验证,证明了理论分析的正确性。     

基于DSPIC30F6010A双闭环控制的并网逆变器的研究与实践

光伏并网发电是光伏发电应用发展的趋势.并网逆变器是光伏并网发电系统核心部件之一,基于DSPIC30F6010A芯片控制的并网系统,利用DSP丰富的外围电路和强大的功能实现并网系统的所有工作、控制和相应的保护功能等.针对输出电流谐波含量大的特点,提出了基于同步PI内环控制和直流电压前馈外环控制的双闭环电流控制思路,并网逆变器采用前级DC/DC的boost升压结构电路,减少系统体积和重量;后级DC/AC逆变器采用全桥逆变电路;且具有最大功率跟踪和反孤岛效应等功能.仿真和实验证明:利用提出的算法,可有效减少并网电流的谐波,光伏并网系统具有可靠性强,工作效率高,稳定性好等优点.     

微型燃气轮机电力特性及并网研究

介绍了微型燃气轮机的电力特性，通过对其电力并网问题研究和分析，阐述了微型燃气轮机的电力并网应用，其并网不上网的发电模式不仅仅需要成熟的并网技术，还需要考虑到可能对电网产生的影响，绝不能向公用电网倒送电，所以要在并网控制线路上另外加入一套以逆功率保护为主的综合保护系统。文章并对微型燃气轮机运行模式转换的应用做简单探讨。     

Nordic hydropower flexibility and transmission expansion to support integration of North European wind power

The expected increase of wind power production in the North and Baltic Seas will substantially increase the variability of the generation portfolio in Northern Europe. Access to available resources of flexible power production will be necessary to support the power system against this variability. Since the Nordic hydro‐based power system can provide such resources, a stronger interconnection between continental Europe and the Nordic region seems to be beneficial. This paper assesses the challenges related to wind power production variability, especially offshore, in the North and Baltic Seas. Assessment on the transmission grid needed for both harvesting the available wind production located far away from load centres and to enable the optimal use of hydropower flexibility is studied in a long‐term cost‐benefit analysis. Special focus is devoted to the role of an offshore grid structure and the impact of onshore grid constraints. The analysis includes two interrelated simulation steps. The first step focuses on the strategic use of hydro energy in the day‐ahead market, where detailed modelling of water courses and hydro production in the Nordic region is considered. Then, in a second step, flow‐based simulations are conducted on a detailed grid model for the whole European system. The results show that long‐term strategies for the expansion of offshore and onshore grids must be defined in a coordinated way to ensure optimal developments. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Development of FPGA based power flow monitoring system in a microgrid

In recent decades, smart grid has become increasingly attractive to both energy producers and consumers. Amongst the main challenges for the successful realization of smart grid includes the integration of renewable energy resources, real time demand response and management of intermittent energy resources. Apart from smart grid, the development of micro-grids should take into consideration of issues such as the system performance, modelling, monitoring and controlling of the micro-grids. In particular, the recent advancements in information and communication technologies (ICTs) could facilitate the effective development of the future micro-grid system. The goal of the study is design of a system, based on FPGA, which monitors the power flow of the Microgrids. First of all a MG system installed in the laboratory of Firat University Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department consists of 1.2 kWp grid connected PV system, 5 kW micro hydro turbine, 0.5 kW wind turbine and 0.1 kW fuel cell unit was introduced. Afterwards, for smart-grids, a system of power flow that has a powerful high sampling rate was dwelt upon. During implementations, the data collected from the power system was transmitted to the FPGA cards located in open area by wireless data-monitoring card. This study has contributed to studies of other researchers by means of the monitoring system which has a high sampling frequency.     

用于风电场并网中无功电压调节的UPFC仿真分析

以笼式异步电机为基础的风力发电机组并网运行时需要吸收大量无功功率,如果不能提供充分的无功补偿,会导致风电场电压跌落,部分风机脱离,系统无法正常运行。而统一潮流控制器（UPFC）具有控制线路潮流,提高电网稳定的作用,可以应用于风电并网之中。针对上述问题,在某一风场内的变风速条件下,用软件MATLAB/simu link建立基于恒速恒频异步发电机的风电机组并网模型并仿真,通过分析仿真结果,对比应用UPFC进行无功补偿前后风电场及电网的运行状态变化,证明UPFC可以调节带有风电场的系统无功功率和电压,维持电网稳定运行。     

基于分层控制的微电网混合储能协调优化策略研究

复合储能是保障微电网安全稳定的关键技术之一,本文根据储能电源的各自运行优势特点,提出了基于上层下垂-下层倒下垂的分层协调控制策略,上层全钒液流电池储能运用自主下垂控制,超级电容运用倒下垂控制策略,以增加系统稳定性、减少系统建设成本、增加实际工程可行性为优化目标,应用PSCAD专业软件对系统进行模拟仿真,仿真验证本文所采用的控制策略可控制微电网稳定运行,对微电网大容量储能系统的配置与设计提供有价值的参考和帮助。     

风气互补发电系统与电力系统相互影响的研究

为研究风气互补发电系统对电网的影响,首先搭建了由风电机组、燃气轮机、电网线路、静止无功补偿器、电力系统稳定器和大型水力发电机组成的仿真系统,并对该系统的负载侧和电网线路中部节点进行了稳定性分析。仿真结果表明,电网在加载了风气互补系统后运行能保持稳定,并能在发生短时故障后恢复到原来状态。该文为进一步研究风气互补系统与电网的相互影响提供了良好的模型基础。     

龙羊峡水电站水光互补优化调度研究

针对光伏发电大规模并网后水电站如何运行才能有效减小光电不稳定出力对电网造成的影响问题,建立了光伏发电出力预测模型及龙羊峡水光互补短期优化调度模型,采用改进的逐步优化算法对模型进行求解,设置了6种情景分析水光互补效果。结果表明,汛期或非汛期调度期内的龙羊峡水库水位在相应时段允许范围内,优化后的水光互补系统均不存在弃水仅产生少量的弃光。研究成果为光伏大规模并网后的水光互补短期优化调度方式提供了参考依据。     

Dynamic model and impact on power quality of large hydro‐photovoltaic power complementary plant

In recent years, with the rapid growth of photovoltaic (PV) power development and utilization, part of the PV power could not be transmitted to the power grid owing to the impact of PV power fluctuation on power quality, leading to a serious PV power rejection in some areas in China. A high‐order model of a hydro‐PV power plant is developed in this paper not only to predict hydropower compensation for PV power fluctuation but also to consider the impact of complementary regulation on power quality. Compared with the existing complementary models, the presented model accurately reveals the effect of water hammer on power quality, low‐frequency power oscillation, and power antiregulation phenomenon during the complementary regulation. Although the complementary control of the hydro‐PV power plant helps to suppress power fluctuation, when the PV power and objective power are negative covariation, the hydropower needs more regulation, which will cause an increase in frequency fluctuation. Moreover, with the increase of the ratio of hydro‐PV power in the power grid, the frequency fluctuation amplitude increases accordingly. Especially, when PV power exceeds the regulation ability of the hydropower, the system frequency deviation will increase rapidly. These problems are worth the attention to the future development of PV power.     

Energy balance analysis of wind-based pumped hydro storage systems in remote island electrical networks

The introduction of pumped hydro storage (PHS) systems in isolated electrical grids, such as those found in island regions, appears to be a promising solution that is able to face both the high electricity production cost and the continuously increasing power demand encountered in these areas. In this context, the current work presents a methodology for the sizing of PHS systems that exploit the excess wind energy amounts produced by local wind farms, otherwise rejected due to imposed electrical grid limitations. The methodology is accordingly applied to the Greek island of Lesbos. Initially, a calculation of the wind power penetration ability to the local grid is carried out and the corresponding curtailments of existing and future wind farms are determined. An integrated computational algorithm is then presented which simulates the operation of the system during an entire year and gives in detail the hourly operational status as well as the various energy losses of the system main components. Based on the application results obtained, the ability of the wind energy to remarkably contribute to the electrification of the remote islands becomes evident.     

孤岛式微网组网控制模式研究

基于微网技术,利用太阳能、汽油发电机、蓄电池等,提出一种孤岛式微网组网模式,有利于改善在野外沙漠或者高原地带,这些环境光照条件良好而用电难的问题.以PLC控制器为核心进行了系统方案设计和控制电路设计,将太阳能发电技术集成到建筑物屋顶上,并基于能量调度策略设计了系统运行控制程序.根据现有的条件对该微网系统进行了负载投切试验、超负荷试验,组网运行试验,结果表明,该微电网系统工作状况良好,智能控制功能满足实际要求.组建的微网系统节能、环保,推广前景广阔.     

A fuzzy control strategy for power smoothing and grid dynamic response enrichment of a grid‐connected wind energy conversion system

This paper concentrates on the output power smoothing and the grid dynamic response enhancement of a grid‐interactive MW‐class permanent magnet synchronous generator‐based wind energy conversion system (WECS). A simple fuzzy controller method is applied to improve the overall performance of the WECS. The proposed method can retrieve the storing kinetic energy from the inertia of a wind turbine, perfectly. As a result, it can ensure a proficient power smoothing of the variable speed WECS. On the other hand, the grid side inverter is controlled by the fuzzy controller. This approach can reduce the fluctuation of DC link voltage and can deliver a smooth power to the power grid. The proposed method is compared with two other methods such as the maximum power point tracking control method and the without fuzzy controller method. A simple shunt circuit also includes in the DC link circuit. Therefore, during the system fault condition, the WECS can perform a stable operation. Effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by numerical simulations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.