太阳能光伏光热(PV/T)系统在建筑中的应用研究

"碳达峰、碳中和"目标下,可再生能源在建筑中的应用受到越来越多的重视.在诸多可再生能源中,太阳能作为最容易与建筑结合的可再生能源之一,具有清洁、安全、稳定、高效等特点,对其深入开发利用是未来建筑能源结构性改革的需求.本文对国内外太阳能光伏光热系统的技术最新发展现状进行了梳理和总结,研究了太阳能光伏光热(PV/T)系统在建筑中的应用方式,分析了太阳能光伏光热系统的典型案例与发展趋势,为实现产业升级、降低成本、扩大应用提供参考.     

建筑构件化太阳能光伏/光热(PV/T)器件及其在建筑中的应用

太阳能光伏光热一体化器件可在提供电能的同时回收热能,并提高发电效率,系统综合效率高于传统光伏与集热器。本文介绍了不同PV/T系统的结构形式与系统特点,分析了PV/T系统的优势与问题,以及在既有建筑中的一些系统应用案例。指出了建筑构件化太阳能光伏光热建筑一体化技术不仅能获取电能和热能,还可以结合其他系统有效利用所获取电能与热能,具有良好的应用前景。     

太阳能光伏光热恒温泳池系统的设计与研究

将太阳能、电能等多种能源利用方式进行综合,构建了一种太阳能光伏光热恒温泳池系统。它由泳池恒温系统、卫生热水系统组成。泳池恒温系统由泳池循环太阳能集热系统、泳池空气源热泵加热系统组成。卫生热水系统由卫生热水太阳能集热系统、卫生热水空气源热泵加热系统和卫生热水水源热泵加热系统组成。在米易县游泳馆进行集成示范表明:该系统技术先进,安全可靠,运行成本低,绿色环保。     

光伏光热系统流程与数值模拟

光伏光热(PVT)系统既可发电,又可为建筑提供生活热水,实现了热电联供。介绍了PVT系统流程及PVT模块的结构,建立了PVT系统的传热数学模型。采用Matlab对模型进行求解,进行了精度验证。对夏热冬暖地区实际PVT系统的综合热效率(包括PVT模块发电效率、蓄热水箱热效率)进行了模拟计算。     

太阳能光伏光热集热器应用效益分析

为了探索太阳能光伏光热集热器的应用效益,本文简要介绍了光伏光热集热器的发展与应用情况,通过光伏光热集热器+地源热泵系统与分布式光伏+空气源热泵系统作对比,介绍了光伏光热集热器系统应用方案,分析了系统应用方案的投资成本、经济效益与社会效益,结果证明光伏光热集热器系统应用的初始投资额大,但经济效益显著,具有较好的投资回收期,同时证明光伏光热集热器系统应用的社会效益突出,节能减排量非常可观,值得行业加大研究和推广力度。     

聚光光伏跟踪器电气系统

本文介绍聚光光伏发电系统跟踪器的电气系统。通过多种跟踪技术比较,找到适合聚光光伏系统使用技术,并着重叙述某公司生产的跟踪器电气系统。     

太阳能光伏光热建筑一体化

2005年12月20日，在国家《可再生能源法》实施前夕，北京市建筑设计研究院召开了由建筑、电气．设备专业参加的太阳能利用技术研讨会，《建筑创作》杂志社主编金磊主持．院顾问总建筑师李铭陶、电气总工程师洪元颐．十所总工程师黄汇先后发言指出：在能源短缺、环境污染的严峻形势下．应在行业内加大普及应用太阳能的力度。要从太阳电池组件．集热器和建筑一体化上下功夫。     

太阳能光伏光热建筑一体化

2005年12月20日，在国家《可再生能源法》实施前夕，北京市建筑设计研究院召开了由建筑、电气、设备专业参加的太阳能利用技术研讨会，《建筑创作》杂志社主编金磊主持，院顾问总建筑师李铭陶、电气总工程师洪元颐、十所总建筑师黄汇发言指出：在能源短缺、环境污染的严峻形势下，应在行业内加大普及利用太阳能的力度。要从太阳电池组件、集热器和建筑一体化上下功夫；在室外大容量光伏照明方面应和厂家结合，努力克服光电转换率低、安装维护及资金等难点。     

管板式光伏光热系统性能实验研究

介绍管板式光伏光热模块结构。建立实验系统,进行光伏光热系统性能实验,测试计算系统发电效率、热效率。实验地点为天津,实验时间为2019年12月至次年2月。选取2020年1月某个晴朗日的实测数据进行分析,测试时间为6:40—17:40。太阳辐照度先升高后下降,在午间达到最大,系统发电效率的变化趋势与太阳辐照度变化趋势基本一致。测试时间内,日均系统发电效率为7.8%,最大系统发电效率为11.3%。光伏电池板温度先升高后下降,与太阳辐照度相比,变化有所延后。光伏电池板最高温度为56.9℃,说明循环水对降低光伏电池板温度有一定作用。蓄热水箱温度在16:00左右达到最高(53℃),此后随着太阳辐照度和光伏电池板温度的降低,蓄热水箱温度开始下降。平均系统热效率为31.5%。     

A heat pipe photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) hybrid system and its performance evaluation

Building-integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPV/T) system has been considered as an attractive technology for building integration. The main part of a BIPV/T system is PV/T collector. In order to solve the non-uniform cooling of solar PV cells and control the operating temperature of solar PV cells conveniently, a heat pipe photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) hybrid system (collector) has been proposed and described by selecting a wick heat pipe to absorb isothermally the excessive heat from solar PV cells. A theoretical model in terms of heat transfer process analysis in PV module panel and introducing the effectiveness-number of transfer unit (?-NTU) method in heat exchanger design was developed to predict the overall thermal-electrical conversion performances of the heat pipe PV/T system. A detailed parametric investigation by varying relevant parameters, i.e., inlet water temperature, water mass flow rate, packing factor of solar cell and heat loss coefficient has been carried out on the basis of the first and second laws of thermodynamics. Results show that the overall thermal, electrical and exergy efficiencies of the heat pipe PV/T hybrid system corresponding to 63.65%, 8.45% and 10.26%, respectively can be achieved under the operating conditions presented in this paper. The varying range of operating temperature for solar cell on the absorber plate is less than 2.5 °C. The heat pipe PV/T hybrid system is viable and exhibits the potential and competitiveness over the other conventional BIPV/T systems.     

Energy and exergy analysis of photovoltaic/thermal integrated with a solar greenhouse

In this paper, an attempt has been made to validate the thermal model with experimental results of a typical day August, 25, 2006 for clear weather condition of New Delhi. An energy and exergy analysis for the prediction of performance of a photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) collector integrated with a greenhouse at I.I.T, Delhi, India has been carried out. The analysis is based on quasi-steady state condition. Experiments have been conducted extensively during period from June 2006 to May 2007, for annual performance. Numerical computation has been carried out for a typical day only for validation. It is observed that the theoretical value of solar cell, tedlar back surface and greenhouse room air temperatures is approximately equivalent to the experimental values. The predicted and measured values of solar cell, tedlar back surface and greenhouse air temperatures have been verified in terms of root mean square of percent deviation (7.05–17.58%) as well as correlation coefficient (0.95–0.97) and both exhibit fair agreement. Exergy analysis calculations of the PV/T integrated greenhouse system show an exergy efficiency level of approximately 4%.     

Advancement of solar desiccant cooling system for building use in subtropical Hong Kong

The solar desiccant cooling system (SDCS) had a saving potential of the year-round primary energy consumption as compared to the conventional air-conditioning system for full fresh air application in the subtropical Hong Kong. In order to further enhance its energy efficiency, advancement of the basic SDCS was carried out through a strategy of hybrid design. Six hybrid system alternatives of SDCS were therefore proposed, three for full fresh air design while another three for return air design for the building zone. Year-round performance evaluation of each solar hybrid desiccant cooling system was conducted for typical office application under different climatic and loading conditions. All the six hybrid system alternatives were found technically feasible, with up to 35.2% saving of year-round primary energy consumption against the conventional air-conditioning systems. Among the hybrid alternatives, recommendations were made on the SDCS hybridized with vapour compression refrigeration for full fresh air design; and the SDCS hybridized with vapour absorption refrigeration for return air design, since they had the saving potentials of both primary energy and initial cost. These two hybrid system alternatives used evacuated tubes, a more economical type of solar collectors compared to the PV or PVT panels.     

太阳能光伏光热联合热泵系统研究

本文介绍一种使用普通商用太阳能电池改装的PVT组件,并以此为基础建立光伏光热联合热泵实验系统。通过理论计算和实际测量,分析该系统电效率、热效率与温度之间的关系。结果表明,联合热泵系统能够同时提高太阳能电池光伏转换效率和热泵效率。     

温州自保温墙体技术初探

针对温州的气候特点,对墙体保温体系的现状作了系统分析,并指出存在的问题,阐述了温州自保温节能体系的发展前景和面临的问题,以实现节能减排的目标。     

关于热感觉和热舒适与热适应性的讨论

系统地论述了人体热舒适研究的发展过程,讨论了热感觉、热舒适及热适应的定义,并分析了热感觉与热舒适的差异及与热适应性的关系,得出了人们对同一热环境有不同的热感觉及热舒适性,主要是由于人体的适应性产生的。     

保温墙体节能体系研究

对墙体的保温体系的现状作了一个系统分析,并对各种保温体系的特点进行了评价,在此基础上,提出了建筑墙体节能的评价体系,为相关的专业人士进行决策提供依据。     

热不稳定物质火灾危险性鉴定系统的研究

以常见的木材为研究对象，模拟木材的不同老化条件，运用TG-DTA热分析实验方法，在不同的升温速率和不同的实验气氛下进行热分析实验，分析了木材的分解燃烧反应机理，求解动力学参数，建立物质热不稳定性评估系统，通过尽可能全面的参数来评估物质的热不稳定性，分析其危险与安全的相对变化趋势。     

A numerical simulation study for the human passive thermal system

The objective of this study is to create a dynamic model representing a transient three-dimensional passive thermal model of the human body. The model is a multi-segmental, multi-layered representation of the human body with spatial subdivisions which simulates the heat transfer phenomena within the body and at its surface. In order to represent the mechanisms of heat transfer within the body, energy balance equations including conduction with adjacent tissue, heat storage, metabolic heat generation, and convective heat transfer due to the blood flow in the capillaries are taken into consideration for each tissue. The present model of the passive system accounts for the geometric and anatomic characteristics of the human body and considers the thermo-physical and the basal physiological properties of tissue materials. It is assumed that the body is exposed to combination of the convection, evaporation and radiation which are taken into account as boundary conditions when solving the passive thermal system equation. The model is capable of predicting human body temperature in any given environmental conditions. Finite difference solution scheme is used to find out the temperature distribution of human body. The results are compared with the experimental data of previous studies present in the literature. Consequently, the numerical results of present model show good agreement with the experimental data.     

关于"热舒适"的讨论

指出了人体热反应研究中关于热舒适的一些模糊概念及对热舒适与热感觉关系的含混认识。分析了热舒适与热感觉的不同含义、现有的不同解释及两者的稳态和动态条件下的差别。