超临界水氧化技术及其应用

超临界水氧化技术(SCWO)是一种新型的有机废水处理技术,具有反应速率快、处理效果好、不形成二次污染和去除效率高等优点。介绍了超临界水的特性和氧化反应机理,综述了SCWO在处理火炸药生产废水中的应用,并针对其存在的设备腐蚀、反应器堵塞等问题提出了解决方法和研究方向。     

超临界水氧化处理工业废水的技术问题及解决思路

超临界水氧化(SCWO)在过去的30年中作为取代焚烧处理高浓度工业有机废水的技术开发取得了巨大的进展。SCWO作为新型废物处理技术存在一些缺陷,如反应器腐蚀与盐堵塞阻碍了其工业进程中的应用。详细描述了超临界水氧化技术存在的几类相关问题,其中,重点对该技术工业化的应用难点进行了阐释并提出了相应的解决方案,最后对超临界水氧化技术领域的未来研究方向提出了展望与建议。     

Research progress of supercritical water oxidation based on transpiring wall reactor

超临界水氧化技术的发展面临着腐蚀和盐沉积两大技术难题,采用蒸发壁反应器是解决这两大技术难题最为有效的方法。本文综述了国内外蒸发壁反应器的结构特点和性能,分析了基于蒸发壁反应器的超临界水氧化技术应用过程中仍然存在的问题,如多孔管的性能、物料的预热、系统能量利用及经济性,并提出了相应的解决办法。     

超临界水氧化技术在废水处理中的应用

综述了超临界水氧化技术在废水处理中应用的国内外背景,主要介绍了目前国内超临界水氧化技术废水处理的研究和应用情况。阐述了超临界水氧化技术的原理,和统的废水处理方法相比,超临界水氧化技术废水处理有反应快、彻底、污染小、容易分离、高效节能等优点,也存在易腐蚀、易堵塞、一次投资高等问题。     

超临界水氧化处理垃圾渗滤液的研究进展

超临界水氧化(SCWO)技术是利用超临界水表现的特殊性质而作为垃圾渗滤液处理的理想媒介。但其在应用过程中对反应器壁材料的严重腐蚀问题阻碍了其广泛的工业化应用并成为研究的热点。镍基合金作为超临界水氧化过程的耐腐材料被广泛的应用于研究中,与其他材料相比,表现出了良好的抗腐蚀性能和经济性。     

超临界水氧化在有机废水处理中的应用

超临界水氧化能彻底分解废水中的有机物,是一种非常有前途的废水处理新技术。综述了超临界水氧化技术的工艺特点、反应机理、反应器特征及国内外在有机废水处理中的应用研究现状,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

超临界水氧化技术中有关设备腐蚀问题的研究进展

超临界水氧化技术是一种新兴的有机废物和废水处理技术。该技术是基于水的温度和压力均超过超临界值(673.3 K和22.12 MPa)时,水的物理性质发生迅速变化而得到的。此时超临界水拥有很强的溶解能力,是氧化分解难溶物质的一种理想均相介质。虽然目前该技术有很大的前景,但是腐蚀问题严重的阻碍了该技术的工业化应用。本文在对超临界水氧化技术的研究基础上着重对水溶液有关参数进行分析,希望通过调节有关参数来减小设备的腐蚀。其次,对超临界水氧化中耐腐蚀性的材料进行分析,以便研发出不同介质中的抗腐蚀性较好的设备。     

超临界水氧化技术

超临界水氧化技术是一种很有前途的,以超临界水为反应介质,彻底破坏有机毒害物质的新型环保技术。文章全面综述了超临界水的特征,超临界水氧化的基本原理,工艺流程。着重对超临界水氧化技术存在的问题,如材料的腐蚀和无机盐的沉积进行了讨论,并分析了解决的方法,最后对其应用前景进行了展望。     

超临界水氧化技术的研究与应用进展

超临界水氧化技术是利用超临界水作为反应介质，彻底破坏有机物质的一种新型氧化技术。介绍了超临界水的特性和超临界水氧化的基本原理及反应器装置，综述了超临界水氧化的反应机理、动力学、工程应用，以及有毒有机污染物处理等方面的研究进展。     

超临界水及其氧化反应的研究及应用

超临界水(SCW)具有与常态下的水截然不同的性质,由此导致了超临界水的多种用处。超临界水氧化(SCWO)作为一种以超临界水为介质的新的废物处理技术以其完全快速等优点而日渐成为研究的热点。本文介绍了超临界水的特性和超临界水氧化的基本原理,反应器的装置,综述了超临界水氧化的动力学、应用、工艺改进、工程问题等方面的研究进展情况。     

Supercritical water oxidation of flammable industrial wastewaters: economic perspectives of an industrial plant

BACKGROUND: Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) is a promising technology that respects the environment, destroys wastes and allows energy recovery. This process has been applied to many model compounds and real wastewaters at laboratory scale. However, SCWO treatments at pilot plant scale of real wastewaters are scarce. The application of this technology to industrial wastewaters has drawbacks such as corrosion, salt deposition and high cost, so industrial scale‐up has been delayed. RESULTS: In a first stage, for safety reasons the feasibility of SCWO applied to flammable industrial wastewaters was evaluated at laboratory scale in an isothermal plug flow reactor with low concentrations (3–10 g COD L^?1), at a constant pressure of 250 bar and at different temperatures in the range 350–500 °C. In a second stage, experiments were conducted with much higher concentrations (20–90 g COD L^?1) in a SCWO reactor at pilot plant scale. Experiments at pilot plant scale demonstrated the possibility of working under autothermal conditions and the results were used to estimate the treatment costs for a SCWO plant with a capacity of 1 m³ h^?1. CONCLUSION: Results demonstrated the technical feasibility of using a SCWO process to treat flammable industrial wastewater at pilot plant scale due to the absence of operational drawbacks related to the flammability of this wastewater, such as plugging, pressurization or preheating problems and uncontrolled reactions (explosion, etc.). The economic feasibility was demonstrated, especially bearing in mind the energy recovery optimization. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Design of the first pilot scale plant of China for supercritical water oxidation of sewage sludge

Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) is a promising technology to deal with organic wastes. Nowadays, we have successfully constructed the first SCWO pilot scale plant of China with a specific reactor configuration and optimized system compositions to treat sewage sludge. In this report, the existing problems and corresponding solutions concerning corrosion, plugging and high running cost in SCWO are introduced systematically. The detailed system components, evident properties, advanced control methods and primary experiment results of the pilot scale plant are described objectively. Moreover, a simple economical comparison with incineration is carried out and subsequently in-depth works are also proposed for further promoting the commercial application of the plant. The information should be helpful for designing and constructing SCWO plant to dispose sewage sludge or other organic wastewaters.     

A Review of Challenges and Recent Progress in Supercritical Water Oxidation of Wastewater

Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) is a promising wastewater treatment technology. It has high destruction efficiency for a broad range of organic wastes and only produces harmless end products. However, corrosion, salt deposition and plugging, and high energy consumption and operating costs have, to a great extent, restricted the successful commercialization of SCWO process. This paper first reviews the main challenges in SCWO technology, along with their comprehensive solutions. Then, the recent research progress and applications of the most common and effective methods for solving SCWO problems are examined, with the focus put on reactor material modification, advanced reactor design, energy/product recovery, and catalysis.     

超临界水氧化技术处理污泥的研究与应用进展

超临界水氧化技术是一种新型且高效的废物处理技术,利用水在超临界状态下的特殊性质使其在处理含有机物及难降解有机污染物的城市污泥、工业污泥等时具有独特的优势。介绍了超临界水氧化技术机理的研究进展,介绍了国内外近年来超临界水氧化技术在污泥处理领域的研究进展,从反应时间、反应温度、体系压力、催化剂、氧化剂、共氧化剂等影响因素系统总结。介绍了该技术在国内外污泥处理领域的实际应用现状、具体工艺流程及成本效益,并针对目前存在的问题对超临界水氧化处理技术处理污泥的前景方向进行了展望。     

Supercritical water oxidation—Current status of full-scale commercial activity for waste destruction

After more than three decades since its potential was first recognized, supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) remains an innovative and viable treatment technology for destruction of aqueous based organic wastes. An extensive data base of destruction efficiencies, corrosion data, and salt phase behavior has been developed over the years through the combined efforts of many investigators at both the fundamental research and commercial level. As a result, SCWO technology has been increasingly utilized in a variety of full-scale designs and applications, handling feeds as diverse as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), sewage sludge, spent catalysts, and chemical weapons. This paper reviews the status of current full-scale commercial SCWO facilities around the world, focusing on the unique challenges and design strategies employed by different companies for corrosion and salt precipitation control in each application. A summary of past commercial SCWO activity as well as future plans among the current active SCWO companies is also included.     

A double wall reactor for supercritical water oxidation: Experimental results on corrosive sulfur mustard simulant oxidation

The corrosion of reactor is one of the obstacles that inhibiting the development of supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) into a viable industrial process. A concentric vertical double wall reactor has been developed in which SCWO reaction takes place inside an inner tube (titanium grade 2, non-porous) whereas pressure resistance is ensured by a Hastelloy C-276 external vessel, to handle high-risk wastes resulting from munitions demilitarization. Experimental results concerning the oxidation of a mixture of thiodiglycol [TDG, (HOC₂H₄)₂S] and hydrochloric acid [HCl], which is used as a sulfur mustard stimulant, confirmed the ability of the reactor to treat corrosive wastes. High destruction rates based on total organic carbon were achieved (>99%) without production of chars or undesired gases such as carbon monoxide and methane. The carbon-containing product was carbon dioxide. Sulfur and chloride were totally recovered in the aqueous effluent as sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid. No corrosion was noticed in the reactor. The titanium tube shielded the pressure vessel from corrosion.     

超临界水氧化技术

超临界水具有通常状态下的水所没有的特异性质，它可以与氧以任意的比例相混合而成于一相，从而提供了超临界水氧化反应的溶剂环境，将超临界水氧化技术应用于环境保护是一个新的研究方向，由于该技术对废物处理具有经济、快速、高效等特点，近几年来发展非常迅速，笔者介绍了超临界水的性质和超临界水氧化技术的原理与优点，综述了超临界水氧化技术处理有毒有机废物，下水污泥及人体代谢污物等方面的应用，并指出了超临界水氧化技术研究中存在的问题，最后介绍了超临界水氧化技术在工业上的应用现状。     

环氧乙烷/乙二醇生产技术进展

综述了传统石油路线乙烯氧化制环氧乙烷/乙二醇的技术进展,分析了不同类型银催化剂的技术特点、工业应用情况和发展趋势;研究了环氧乙烷生产工艺技术的主要进展,包括高选择性银催化剂在运行初期和老化阶段的配套开车技术,简化环氧乙烷吸收和解析工段流程、提高环氧乙烷纯度、减轻设备腐蚀的技术,催化水合技术,乙二醇产品精制技术和新型乙烯氧化反应器。概述了煤经合成气制乙二醇的技术开发、工业应用情况和存在的问题,提出了我国环氧乙烷/乙二醇银催化剂开发、成套工艺技术开发和煤制乙二醇产业发展的建议。