甜菜碱接枝共聚羟丙基瓜胶的制备

以羟丙基瓜胶和甜菜碱单体为原料,硝酸铈铵为引发剂,采用溶液聚合法制备甜菜碱接枝羟丙基瓜胶,对目标物结构进行了IR、质谱表征。考察了接枝反应温度、接枝反应时间、引发剂浓度、原料配比对目标产物增稠性能的影响,结果表明,当反应温度为20℃,引发剂浓度为5 mmol/L,反应时间为24 h,m(甜菜碱单体)∶m(羟丙基瓜胶)=1∶1时,单体转化率为36.5%,相对分子质量为1.28×10~6;常温下,配制目标产物质量分数0.5%的水溶液,20 min内充分溶解,初始黏度为75 m Pa·s;目标产物耐盐性优于羟丙基瓜胶,水溶性和增稠性良好。     

阳离子型接枝淀粉絮凝性能研究

以玉米淀粉和甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)为原料,硝酸铈铵为引发剂,合成阳离子型接枝淀粉St-g-PDMC。通过正交实验对St-g-PDMC的合成条件进行了优化,并采用FTIR和SEM对产物的结构进行了表征。结果表明,St-g-PDMC的最佳合成条件:淀粉2 g,m(St)∶m(DMC)=1∶1.25,引发剂质量0.6 g,反应温度60℃,反应时间5 h。在此条件下,合成的St-g-PDMC中氮为3.40%,接枝率101.8%。以质量分数为2%的高岭土悬浊液为模拟水样,研究了St-g-PDMC的絮凝性能。     

BPS-BPA酚醛环氧树脂的合成及其应用性能

以双酚A环氧树脂(BPA酚醛树脂)和4,4-二羟基二苯砜(BPS)为原料,环氧氯丙烷为桥连剂,在四丁基溴化铵(TBAB)的催化作用下合成了BPS-BPA酚醛环氧树脂(目标产物)。采用FTIR、1HNMR、GPC、EDS等对产物的化学结构及分子量进行测试。结果表明,产物Mw为4355且表现出较好的耐温性能,此外还探讨了反应温度、反应时间、物料配比、Na OH用量等因素对目标产物环氧值的影响。利用正交实验设计获得了目标产物的最佳工艺条件为:反应温度110℃,反应时间2.5 h,m(BPA酚醛树脂)∶m(BPS)=1∶0.9,Na OH用量1.98 g,在该条件下合成产物的环氧值为0.718。最后向目标产物中加入聚酰胺树脂固化剂,得到的胶粘剂具有优良的粘结性能,其最大粘结力达100.66 N,层间结合强度0.788 N/m,对低极性聚丙烯材料具有很好的附着性能。     

PE塑料胶黏剂的研制

以甲苯为溶剂,过氧化二苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,通过自由基聚合,采用丙烯酸(AA)接枝改性氯化聚丙烯(CPP),得到一种PE胶黏剂。研究了反应温度、反应时间、AA和BPO的质量对CPP胶黏剂改性的黏附性能的影响;得出较佳的工艺条件为:反应温度T=90℃,反应时间t=3h,反应物料的质量比m(CPP):m(AA):m(BPO)=100:3.0:0.5时,改性的CPP胶黏剂有较高的黏接强度。     

本体法合成HDI-TMP加成物工艺

本体法合成了六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)与三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)的加成物作为聚氨酯胶粘剂的固化剂。通过对反应产物-NCO含量和粘度的测定,考察了反应温度、催化剂二月桂酸二丁基锡(DBTDL)用量、HDI与TMP物质的量比对加成产物性能的影响,并由凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)和红外光谱(FT-IR)表征了产物组成和结构特征,获得本体法合成物HDI-TMP加成较佳工艺:n(HDI)∶n(TMP)=9∶1(即n(-NCO)∶n(-OH)=6∶1),催化剂DBTDL用量为0.05%(按TMP质量计),反应温度80℃,反应时间3h,即可制备出HDI-TMP理想加成物含量占总加成物52.66%的低粘度产物。     

双酚S环氧树脂胶黏剂的制备

采用双酚S与环氧氯丙烷在碱性条件下反应,合成双酚S型环氧树脂并以其为主体树脂配成胶黏剂。用红外光谱进行了表征。考察了反应条件(包括反应温度、碱液浓度、反应时间、反应物配比等)对胶黏剂性能的影响。结果表明:双酚S:环氧氯丙烷(物质的量比)为1∶5时,产物为固体,双酚S:环氧氯丙烷(物质的量比)为1∶10时产物为半固体,双酚S:环氧氯丙烷(物质的量比)为1∶15和1∶20时产物为液体,催化剂质量分数为25%~35%,在90~100℃,反应8~9h,所得胶黏剂剪切强度可达16.8MPa。     

工业骨胶脱色工艺条件的研究

氧化法与物理吸附法相结合,以骨胶为原料,过硫酸钠和酸化凹凸棒土为脱色剂,得到浅色的骨胶胶黏剂。研究了m(水)∶m(干骨胶)为1.3∶1时,过硫酸钠质量、酸化凹凸棒土质量、反应温度和反应时间对骨胶色泽的影响,并在单因素实验的基础上,通过正交试验得出骨胶脱色的最佳工艺条件为:过硫酸钠质量分数为9.3%,酸化凹凸棒土质量分数为8.0%,反应温度为50℃,反应时间为60 min,经最佳工艺制备的骨胶胶黏剂脱色率为71.13%,稳定性良好,同时骨胶的性能未发生改变。     

一种小分子油溶性降黏剂的合成及降黏性能评价

利用环氧氯丙烷、邻苯二酚、硬脂酰氯反应得到一种小分子油溶性降黏剂,通过单因素法对降黏剂的合成条件进行优化,得到最优反应条件为:单体n(环氧氯丙烷)∶n(邻苯二酚)∶n(硬脂酰氯)=4∶4∶2、主链反应温度为100℃、反应时间为8 h、接枝反应温度为100℃、反应时间为10 h、促进剂Na OH质量分数为1. 4%。降黏剂质量分数为500μg/g时测得降黏剂的降黏率为52. 36%。通过紫外分光光度计及激光粒度仪分析了降黏剂对沥青质和胶质溶液的作用效果,结果表明,降黏剂能减小沥青质和胶质在溶液中的粒径,增大沥青质和胶质在溶液中分散性。屈服应力测试结果表明,降黏剂有效地提高了稠油的流动性能,降低了稠油的黏度。     

CPP/VTES/St接枝共聚物的合成与性能

以二甲苯为溶剂,过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,采用乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷(VTES)和苯乙烯(St)为接枝单体,自由基溶液聚合法改性氯化聚丙烯(CPP),制得接枝共聚胶黏剂。并考察了聚合单体用量及配比、溶剂用量、引发剂用量、反应温度和反应时间对树脂胶黏性能的影响。得到的最佳反应条件为：溶剂与CPP的质量比m(二甲苯)∶m(CPP)=2.5∶1,聚合原料配比m(CPP)∶m (VTES)∶m (St)∶m (BPO) =100∶2.4∶0.6∶0.2,反应温度95 ℃,反应时间3 h。在此条件下制备的共聚物粘接聚丙烯材料和钢的剪切强度分别达3.4 MPa和7.7 MPa。     

衣康酸改性淀粉胶粘剂的制备及性能

为提高淀粉胶黏剂的胶合强度和耐水性，以玉米淀粉为主要原料、衣康酸和硅溶胶为接枝单体，采用接枝共聚法制备了一种高性能生物质胶黏剂。以单因素法考察了反应条件对淀粉胶黏剂的接枝率、黏度、胶合强度以及耐水性的影响，并通过FTIR、TGA、XRD和SEM等对淀粉胶黏剂的化学结构与性能进行表征。结果表明，衣康酸成功地接枝到淀粉分子上，接枝率为6.35%，接枝效率为87.03%，且当淀粉质量分数为30%，衣康酸含量为7.5% ，反应温度为70 ℃，反应时间为3.5 h时，改性淀粉胶黏剂的性能最佳，耐水时间达到95 h（原淀粉胶黏剂为4 h），干湿态强度分别达到2.28 MPa和1.52 MPa（原淀粉胶黏剂为0.85 MPa和0 MPa），满足国家Ⅲ类胶合板的使用要求，同时淀粉胶黏剂热稳定性得到提高。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。