基于变分水平集的图像模糊聚类分割

结合变分水平集方法和模糊聚类,提出了一个基于变分水平集的图像聚类分割模型.该模型引入了一个基于图像局部信息的外部模糊聚类能量和一个新的关于零水平集的正则化能量,使得该模型对噪声图像的聚类分割更具鲁棒性.通过在能量泛函中加入一个内部约束能量约束水平集函数为符号距离函数,可以使水平集演化过程无需重新初始化.进一步提出了一种变分形式的聚类中心更新方法,实现了半监督的图像聚类分割.实验中采用不同类型的图像与FCM聚类模型、CV模型、Samson模型进行了对比实验,实验结果显示,该模型能够克服图像中噪声的影响,取得较满意的聚类分割效果.     

结合局部熵能量泛函与非凸正则项的图像分割

为了克服灰度不均匀对图像分割的影响，结合CV模型的全局能量项和LBF模型的局部能量项，引入图像局部熵信息和非凸正则项，构造新的能量泛函，提出了结合局部熵的局部能量泛函与非凸正则项的图像分割算法。该算法首先采用CV模型中的全局能量泛函得到图像的大致演化轮廓；通过构建具有局部熵信息的局部能量泛函，实现对图像的精确分割。然后，利用非凸正则项作为图像演化过程中零水平集逼近目标的又一驱动力驱动曲线演化和边缘保护。该算法利用变分水平集方法将这一新构建的能量泛函进行最小化，通过迭代更新水平集函数，完成曲线演化。最后，对比实验表明，所提出的算法可以高效、准确地分割灰度不均匀图像。     

用于图像分割的鲁棒的区域活动轮廓模型

针对非同质或者弱边界图像分割时出现的问题,提出一种改进的活动轮廓模型。首先,由图像的区域统计信息定义了一个新的能量泛函。区域统计信息由局部信息和全局信息采用新的加权组合而成。其次,采用水平集方法最小化该能量泛函,得到水平集演化方程并不断更新。最后,采用高斯滤波方法规则化水平集方程。此外,该模型可以退化成一种无需初始化和规则化的简单的全局活动轮廓模型。合成图像和真实图像的实验结果表明:该模型能有效地分割非同质或弱边缘图像,对噪声并初始轮廓曲线具有较好的鲁棒性,并且计算效率高。     

结合FCM和RSF模型的医学图像分割方法

针对现有活动轮廓模型初始化敏感的缺点,提出一种新的基于区域的活动轮廓模型。该模型采用模糊c均值聚类(FCM)算法对图像进行预分割,将预分割结果二值化为种子标记矩阵,作为下一步水平集演化的初始轮廓,解决了初始化敏感问题;引用RSF(Region-Scalable Fitting)模型的局部区域项作为能量项,提高了分割灰度分布不均匀图像能力;使用高斯滤波方法正则化水平集函数,避免了重新初始化过程,提高了分割效率。实验结果表明:该模型避免了初始化,具有分割结果精确、分割效率高的特点。     

一种改进的变分水平集的图像分割算法

为了解决灰度不均匀现象对医学图像的干扰问题,提出了基于局部极性信息的活 动轮廓模型。通过引入局部图像信息,该模型能有效地分割灰度不均匀图像。在规则化项中增 加的能量惩罚项,使得水平集函数在演化过程中保持为近似的符号距离函数。该算法将图像分 割问题归结为曲线能量泛函的最小化,首先建立包含局部灰度信息（极性信息）和改进的符号 距离函数的曲线演化能量泛函;然后采用变分水平集方法求解能量函数的最小值,得到最终的 分割结果。真实医学图像和人工合成图像的实验结果表明,此方法对灰度不均匀的医学图像有 较高的分割精确度,在图像分割速度上有较大提高。由于利用了局部灰度信息,可以有效地分 割灰度不均匀的医学图像,而改进后的变分水平集可以完全避免重新初始化,使得图像分割效 率大大提高了。     

模糊C 均值聚类与多相水平集图割优化相结合的图像分割

针对在分割多个目标时多相水平集模型对初始轮廓曲线敏感且计算量大的问题, 提出采用模糊C 均值聚类算法将图像进行粗分割,初始化多相水平集函数,使用图割算法分割 出多相结果的方法。该方法能有效减小多相水平集算法对初始轮廓曲线的敏感性,使图割算法 在分割图像时更容易分割出理想的目标轮廓;同时,采用图割算法可使水平集函数很快收敛到 能量最小值,有效减少计算量,提高计算效率。实验表明该方法具有较好地分割效果和较高地 分割效率。     

基于核模糊聚类的变分水平集医学图像分割方法

针对现有无须重新初始化的变分水平集分割模型, 存在对边缘模糊、对比度差等图像不是很敏感、分割效果不理想的问题, 提出了一种基于核模糊聚类的变分水平集医学图像分割方法。将原始图像进行核模糊C-均值聚类, 把得到的聚类结果带入初始化水平集函数得到初始轮廓, 最后利用李模型的分割方法实现最终的图像分割。实验结果表明, 该方法具有良好的分割质量, 适应性强, 同时可减少迭代次数。     

基于小波多尺度聚类水平集的医学图像分割

针对医学图像低对比度、灰度不均匀等特点,提出了一种小波多尺度聚类水平集的图像分割方法,能够很好地解决医学图像灰度不均匀的问题。首先,利用小波多尺度分析的良好信噪分离能力提取各尺度下图像的有效边缘信息,将边缘信息添加到水平集模型的能量函数中从而提高模型的局部控制能力。然后,基于灰度不均匀的图像模型,派生出对于感兴趣区域的局部灰度聚类,在每个点的邻域内定义基于灰度的局部聚类准则函数。将局部聚类准则函数转化为全局准则函数。在水平集框架中,该准则根据水平集函数定义了代表图像域划分的能量项和引起图像强度不均匀的偏置域。最后,从小波变换的顶层低频子带图像开始逐层采用改进的聚类水平集方法分割图像,并将分割结果通过插值方式传递至下一层作为分割的初始轮廓,最终实现灰度不均匀医学图像的分割。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效地分割医学图像,具有计算更加鲁棒稳定、效率更高和更加准确的优点。     

活动轮廓最大流最小切分图像分割技术研究

基于活动轮廓的CV模型缺乏边缘的信息,使得CV模型在具有相同或相似区域的彩色图像分割应用时存在困难。对活动轮廓的模型进行扩展,提出了多段活动轮廓模型,应用K均值对交互区域进行聚类,确定分割区域中心的个数,同时得到多段活动轮廓模型进化边缘内外区域的密度值,加入测地线(GAC),使其具有更好的边缘捕获能力,对于图像分割的最优化问题,转化为求能量函数对应的图切分最大流最小切分问题。通过自然图像的实验,验证了提出的方法具有高效性、准确性、耗时少等特点。     

基于改进符号距离函数的变分水平集图像分割算法

为保证水平集图像分割算法的稳定性,传统水平集方法常采用重新初始化的方法或引入符号距离函数,但这两种方法存在计算量大或计算不稳定的问题.因此,提出一种基于改进符号距离函数的变分水平集图像分割算法.首先,改进已有的Double-Well型符号距离函数约束项,改进后的约束项可避免重新初始化、提高计算效率,同时也能更好地保证水平集函数演化过程的稳定.然后,利用基于全局灰度信息和局部灰度信息的活动轮廓模型构造能量泛函,该能量函数继承了全局模型和局部模型的优点,可驱动水平集函数准确演化至目标边界,且可动态调整组合权重.最后,引入高斯卷积运算,加快演化速度同时也对水平集函数起到平滑的作用.对人工合成和自然图像的数值实验及与同类模型的对比实验证明,提出的模型具有较高的分割准确度及对噪声和初始轮廓的鲁棒性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.