基于分层并行灾变粒子群算法的交通控制

提出了分层并行策略结合灾变模型的混合粒子群算法--分层并行灾变粒子群算法(HPCPSO),它能提高算法的收敛性和稳定性.同时通过对交叉口交通情况的研究,把车辆延误、车辆停车数和能源消耗都纳入性能指标值PI,建立了区域交通协调控制优化模型.在此模型的基础上,应用分层并行灾变粒子群算法实现了交通信号优化控制及验证算法.仿真结果表明,分层并行灾变粒子群算法相对于基本粒子群算法提高了寻找全局最优解的能力,能够有效实现交通信号优化控制.     

一种自适应分群的粒子群算法

结合小生境思想及灾变原理,提出了一种动态调整种群结构的粒子群算法（AGPSO）。该算法在获取局部最优区域后只留下部分粒子寻找局部最优点,同时将其他粒子进行灾变处理,然后约束在剩余区域进行新最优区域搜索,这样既达到了快速局部收敛的目的,同时又增加了粒子种群的多样性,较好地解决了早熟收敛的问题。通过典型优化函数的仿真实验验证了该算法的有效性。     

基于改进粒子群优化算法的IIR数字滤波器设计

针对粒子群优化(PSO)算法存在早熟收敛问题,提出了一种改进算法——带有柯西扰动的重分布粒子群优化(RPSO)算法,并应用于IIR数字滤波器的优化设计。RPSO在检测到粒子群早熟收敛时,自动触发粒子重分布机制,帮助粒子逃离局部收敛区域,同时在迭代过程中对种群的全局最优位置施加柯西扰动以保持种群的多样性。仿真实验结果表明,在对IIR数字滤波器设计时,RPSO算法的性能优于粒子群、量子粒子群以及基于混沌变异的粒子群优化等算法。     

方波触发勘探与开发的粒子群优化算法EI北大核心CSCD

在粒子群优化算法中,当勘探时间持续过长,将可能导致种群在解空间过度徘徊;种群在开发阶段陷入局部最优后,难以再次进行全局勘探.针对上述问题,提出方波触发勘探与开发的粒子群优化算法.依据方波的周期特性,在前半个周期内使用标准粒子群优化算法执行全局勘探,后半个周期使用改进的更新公式执行局部开发.经过实验验证,在方波触发机制下,通过为粒子提供多变步长,可达到周期性触发勘探与开发的目的.使用多类型测试函数,将该算法与新改进粒子群算法、改进人工蜂群算法、改进差分算法在30、50和100维下比较,实验结果表明,该算法在收敛速度和精度上更具优势.     

基于双向并行灾变粒子群算法的区域交通控制

针对基本粒子群优化算法易陷入局部极值点、搜索精度低等缺点,引入灾变模型,采用双向并行策略,提出一种双向并行灾变粒子群优化算法（BPC-PSO）,并将其成功应用于城市区域交通控制信号参数配时优化。仿真结果表明：双向并行灾变粒子群算法相对于基本粒子群算法大大提高了寻找全局最优解的能力,使车辆平均延误和平均停车率都比基本粒子群算法有明显地降低。     

基于多种群进化与粒子群优化混合的频谱分配算法

为了解决认知无线网络中的频谱分配问题,提出一种基于多种群进化与粒子群优化混合的频谱分配算法。它采用图论着色模型,首先使用遗传算法将多个种群进行独立进化,以提高种群的全局搜索能力;然后选出每个种群中的最优的个体作为粒子群优化的粒子,并通过控制每个粒子的初始速度方向来加快算法的收敛速度。最后以系统总收益最大化和用户间的公平性为优化目标与遗传算法和粒子群算法进行了对比实验,仿真结果表明,该算法在收敛速度、认知用户接入公平性和系统总收益3个方面的性能均优于遗传算法和粒子群算法。     

基于改进PSO算法的供应链优化

在建立供应链优化模型和分析基本粒子群优化算法的基础上,提出了一种求解供应链优化问题的改进粒子群算法。在优化过程中,该算法以优良适应值粒子取代部分不良适应值粒子,使算法具有过滤能力,加快了搜索速度,并保证了收敛于全局最优解。实验结果与基本粒子群算法进行了验证和比较,表明该改进粒子群算法具有较好的性能和简单快速准确等特点。     

灾变遗传算法求解带时间窗的车辆调度问题

提出一种可以有效求解带时间窗的车辆调度问题的灾变遗传算法.遗传算法作为一种高效的启发式算法被用于解决这类组合优化问题,但是该算法存在过早收敛、易陷入局部最优等缺陷.针对此问题,在搜索过程中采用灾变算子使遗传算法跳出局部最优,并针对车辆调度问题设计一种可以直接产生可行解的交叉算子,避免染色体交叉过程中产生不可行的子代.通过仿真算例验证了所提出的算法求解带时间窗的车辆调度问题的有效性;通过与标准遗传算法、改进遗传算法和粒子群算法的比较,进一步验证了灾变遗传算法在优化性能以及算法鲁棒性方面的优势.     

基于Petri网建模的并行粒子群算法

粒子群优化算法,起源于鸟群行为的研究,是一种基于群智能的进化计算技术,通过粒子之间的协作与竞争以实现对多维复杂空间的高效搜索。提出了基于Petri网的并行粒子群算法,并采用经典测试函数验证算法的有效性。测试结果表明,算法能很好地控制粒子群优化过程中的早熟问题,并能够较好地得到群落全局最优解。     

具有高斯扰动的局部引导粒子群优化算法

为解决粒子群优化算法PSO存在的早熟收敛问题,提出了一种具有高斯扰动的局部引导粒子群优化算法(LGPSO)。该算法在粒子的速度更新公式上采取两种措施改进PSO:一是移除社会认知部分,使粒子仅受局部引导;二是增加全局最优粒子控制的高斯扰动项。两种改进措施相结合,可有效解决早熟收敛的问题,加快收敛的速度。本文算法通过与经典及新近改进PSO算法的多次对比实验测试,均展现出较好的寻优性能及稳定性。两种改进措施的效果分析实验测试数据和社会认知项与高斯扰动项的对比实验测试数据也进一步验证了本文算法的有效性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.