适应值共享对遗传算法选择概率的影响分析

研究了采用遗传算法进行多蜂函数优化时引入适应值共享机制对选择概率的影响。引入种群共享因子这一参数，描述个体选择概率、小生境中多个个体的选择概率之和在适应值比例选择策略下的变化情况。分析和仿真实验表明，适应值共享可在一定程度上保持种群多样性，适应值函数的取值范围将对优化结果产生较大的影响。     

Antecedents of computer self-efficacy: A study of the role of personality traits and gender

Empirical evidence suggests that computer self-efficacy plays an important role in one’s acceptance and use of new information technology. Little is however known about the antecedents of computer self-efficacy. This paper reports on a study of 143 non-users of a self-checkout library system available at a large Canadian university which was conducted to investigate the relationships between stable personality traits and gender with computer self-efficacy. Results indicate that four of the five stable personality traits, as measured by the Big-5 factors of personality, contribute to explain computer self-efficacy. Taking gender into account, results show that the traits of neuroticism, extraversion, and agreeableness are significantly related to computer self-efficacy for women but not for men. Implications for research and practice are discussed.     

Expressing emotions in blogs: The role of textual paralinguistic cues in online venting and social sharing posts

Textual paralanguage cues (TPC) have been signaled as effective emotion transmitters online. Though several studies have investigated their properties and occurrence, there remains a gap concerning their communicative impact within specific psychological processes, such as the social sharing of emotion (SSE, Rimé, 2009). This study content-analyzed Live Journal blogposts for the occurrence of TPC in three phases of online SSE: initiation, feedback and repost. We compared these to TPC on a second type of emotional expression, emotional venting. Based on Social Information processing theory (SIP, Walther, 1992), and on the Emotional Mimicry in Context (EMC, Hess & Fischer, 2013) framework, we study predictive relationships in TPC usage in our phased model of online SSE. Results showed that TPC prevailed in SSE blogposts and strongly dominated in emotional venting posts. TPC was more common in affective feedback than cognitive. Moreover, the presence of tactile affective cues (i.e., hugs, kisses) in the initiation post predicted their presence in affective feedback. Results lend support to the idea that TPC are used in socio-contextual ways in online SSE and particularly extrapolate certain FtF nonverbal behaviors, such as the provision of socio-affective touch.     

Research on the mechanism of knowledge and intelligence sharing in enterprises under big data: From the perspective of status‐striving motivation and opinion dynamics

Knowledge sharing is the process of individual knowledge interaction in the team. To understand the social psychological mechanism in the process of knowledge sharing, this article combines status‐striving motivation with opinion dynamics to study the decision mechanism and evolution law of employee knowledge sharing behaviour. A multiagent simulation method is used to design the decision‐making model of employee knowledge sharing behaviour. The influence of the network structure, number of people, and the proportion of employees with different statuses on knowledge sharing performance is considered. The simulation software is used to convert the theoretical model into a parametric experiment, and the sensitivity analysis is also employed. The results show that the knowledge of individuals with high status will increase initially, but the upward trend will eventually slow until reaching a steady state. The steady‐state status of employees is positively correlated with their initial knowledge volume.     

对一种基于广义接入结构的多重秘密分享方案的分析和改进

Peng（2006）给出了一种高效率的基于广义接入结构的多重秘密分享方案。在该方案中，不仅成员持有的子秘密能够重复使用，而且管理者分发的子秘密和成员提供的影子子秘密也都是可以认证的。给出了两个攻击，不诚实的管理者可以将假的子秘密分发给成员；而不良的成员可以很容易地伪造假的但能满足认证等式的影子子秘密，从而欺骗诚实成员。最后给出了改进方法，避免了上述攻击。     

The role of personality traits in Facebook and Internet addictions: A study on Polish,Turkish, and Ukrainian samples

Although the relationships between Facebook addiction, Internet addiction and personality have already been investigated. The aim of the present study was to explore whether there were personality traits associated with Facebook addiction and Internet addiction across three different cultures. The participants were 1011 Facebook users from Poland, Turkey, and Ukraine. We administered the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale, the Internet Addiction Test, and the Ten Item Personality Inventory. We found that in the total sample Facebook addiction was positively associated with Internet addiction, while Internet addiction was negatively associated with emotional stability, conscientiousness, and extraversion. The lack of invariance across the countries indicates that the tested links are not the same in each of them, which may suggest the role of cultural factors in this phenomenon. The results are discussed in the light of Facebook addiction and personality literature. The application of culturally sensitive intervention programs in dealing with Facebook addiction is encouraged.     

基于Web的贵重仪器设备共享系统研究与实现

对目前贵重仪器设备共享中存在的问题进行分析,提出并实现了基于Web的贵重仪器设备共享系统.该系统不仅能够实现贵重仪器设备信息的共享,而且能够实现贵重仪器设备的远程操作,支持多用户的协同工作.针对贵重仪器设备地理位置分布和软硬件平台异构问题对共享模式进行研究,提出了混合式共享模式,该模式能够保证系统的鲁棒性、通用性和可扩展性;为了保证数据和系统的安全性,对访问控制技术进行研究,提出采用基于角色的访问控制技术实现"用户-角色-权限"管理模式,该管理模式能够满足不同用户的多样化需求;为保证系统通用性,提出采用桌面共享技术实现仪器设备的远程操作和共享,支持多用户远程协同工作.     

Identifying commonalities and differences in personality characteristics of Internet and social media addiction profiles: traits,self-esteem,and self-construal

Excessive use of the Internet and social media has been associated with behavioural addiction, which sparked the researchers’ interest in gaining a better understanding of this global phenomenon. The aim of this study was to fill a gap in knowledge by using just one sample to identify similarities and differences in relationships between technology addictions and personality characteristics, especially traits, self-esteem, and self-construal. The sample consisted of 512 undergraduate students. The results showed that Internet addiction and social media addiction shared many more similarities than differences. Agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness to experiences, emotional stability, self-esteem, the frequency of checking account, and Internet usage were predictors of both Internet addiction and social media addiction. Age, satisfaction with life, and interdependent self-construal did not predict Internet addiction or social media addiction, whereas real self and extraversion predicted Internet addiction only, and gender, posting updates, a number of friends, and independent self-construal predicted social media addiction only. These results provide some basis for an understanding of Internet and social media addiction profiles.     

Comfortable with friends sharing your picture on Facebook? - Effects of closeness and ownership on picture sharing preference

Picture sharing activity on social networking sites helps create and maintain social relationships. However, some of these pictures can be undesirable digital traces especially when the person sharing the information (owner) and the person receiving the information (viewer) do not ask the sharing preference of the person who is in the picture (subject). In our exploratory lab study, we asked twenty-nine participants about their picture sharing preference (PSP) towards an owner's act of sharing a photograph containing both the participant (subject) and the owner with a viewer. Our multi-level regression on 5520 data points show that in terms of closeness, a subject feels more comfortable sharing a picture i) as the “closeness between the subject and the owner (SO closeness)” increases and ii) as the “closeness between the subject and the viewer (SV closeness)” increases. In terms of ownership, a subject feels more comfortable with sharing a picture i) when the picture shows a greater number of people as opposed to a smaller number of people, and ii) when the picture is captured at an event held for the viewer or the owner rather than for the subject. In addition, we observed three types of interaction effects on PSP between the following variables: i) SO closeness and SV closeness, ii) SO closeness and num_people, and iii) both types of closeness and event_posessor.     

A unified model of knowledge sharing behaviours: theoretical development and empirical test

Research and practice on knowledge management (KM) have shown that information technology alone cannot guarantee that employees will volunteer and share knowledge. While previous studies have linked motivational factors to knowledge sharing (KS), we took a further step to thoroughly examine this theoretically and empirically. We developed a unified model that is comprehensive and yet parsimonious, based on the decomposed theory of planned behaviour (DTPB) with three sets of critical antecedents: psychological, organisational and technological that are theorised to influence KS behaviours. Results of a field survey of knowledge workers support the majority of hypothesised relationships, and explained 41.3% of the variance in the actual KS behaviours and 60.8% of the variance in the intention to share knowledge. These results far exceed the predictive powers achieved by previous studies. Among our significant findings include a strong positive influence of perceived enjoyment in helping others (PEH) and a strong negative influence of perceived loss of knowledge power (PLK). Based on the findings, we discussed the study's implications for research and practice.     

异构数据库网络共享的研究与实践

通过网络进行数据共享是数据库互联的根本目的.但是内、外异构现象的存在,使得数据库共享往往不能顺利实现.从数据库异构现象产生的根本原因出发,研究解决这个问题的方式与方法.提出在网络数据库管理系统前端增加＂跨库检索＂和＂重新组织＂模块,以分别解决内和外部异构带来的数据共享困难,并设计了相应的解决方案,进行了相应的实践.     

一种基于SG3525的自主均流方案及实现

介绍了自主均流法的工作原理，分析了其主要组成。最后给出了一种基于SG3525脉宽调制芯片实现自主均流的方案，实验结果表明了该方案的有效性和实用性。     

Emotional design and positive emotions in multimedia learning: An eyetracking study on the use of anthropomorphisms

The present eyetracking study examined the influence of emotions on learning with multimedia. Based on a 2 × 2 experimental design, participants received experimentally induced emotions (positive vs. neutral) and then learned with a multimedia instructional material, which was varied in its design (with vs. without anthropomorphisms) to induce positive emotions and facilitate learning. Learners who were in a positive emotional state before learning had better learning outcomes in comprehension and transfer tests and showed longer fixation durations on the text information of the learning environment. Although anthropomorphisms in the learning environment did not induce positive emotions, the eyetracking data revealed that learners' attention was captured by this design element. Hence, learners in a positive emotional state who learned with the learning environment that included anthropomorphisms showed the highest learning outcome and longest fixation on the relevant information of the multimedia instruction. Results indicate an attention arousing effect of expressive anthropomorphisms and the relevance of emotional states before learning.     

基于Mirror Driver的屏幕共享方案研究与实现

针对远程教学中学生机端同步显示教师机端教学内容的需求,提出了一种基于Mirror Driver的教师机端屏幕共享解决方案。该方案基于教师机端对DirectDraw非高依赖和Mirror Driver能精确高效捕捉屏幕变化区域的特点,首先对教师机端屏幕高效捕捉;然后将捕捉的变化图像压缩成JPEG格式,通过网络传输到学生机端;最后学生机端提取JPEG数据,并转换成BMP图像,将多变化区域图像合成显示。实验结果表明,此方案能够实现高效的屏幕捕捉并同步显示,具有良好的实时性,可以应用于远程监控、远程教学等领域。     

Posting,commenting, and tagging: Effects of sharing news stories on Facebook

Social networking sites such as Facebook provide new ways of sharing news stories that allow users to act as opinion leaders in their networks, encourage discussion, and potentially increase their involvement in current events. This study identifies the particular features of Facebook that facilitate the discussion of news and tests their effects on involvement and feelings of influence. Participants (N = 265) in a 3 (Broadcast level: news feed vs. wall post vs. direct message) × 3 (Elaboration: opinion vs. question vs. no comment) × 2 (Involving-friends: tag vs. no tag) between-subjects factorial experiment were randomly assigned to share a story from a news website on Facebook. Results show that user involvement in the news content depends on the social affordances of the site, particularly those that allow for audience customization and those that drive network feedback. Asking the network’s opinions and targeting specific friends led to greater involvement in the news content. Discussion through comments led to a greater sense of influence and greater involvement for those sharing the news story. These findings highlight the importance of encouraging individuals to act as sources of information in their networks to drive engagement in current events in the changing news landscape.     

基于CORBA的安全文件共享服务的设计与实现

文件共享服务是企业网络应用环境中一项不可缺少的基本服务。提出了一种基于CORBA的安全文件共享服务模型,介绍了管理服务与共享服务的对象结构、代理机制及它们之间的互操作性,对模型进行了实现,并针对实际使用效果分析了本模型在功能、灵活性及安全性方面的特点。实际结果表明,该模型实现了共享资源的统一管理以及安全灵活的文件访问方法,弥补了传统方法的不足,可以实际应用于大规模的企业网。     

基于Android的媒体共享系统设计与实现

为解决数字家庭中设备间媒体共享的问题,研究UPnP协议和UPnP AV架构,设计实现基于嵌入式智能终端的媒体共享系统。针对智能手机、平板电脑的便携特性,单独实现控制点功能,支持“推播”模式,支持智能移动设备单独做控制点的操作逻辑。核心功能模块采用native开发,上层采用Java进行界面控制,已在Android设备上成功部署。测试结果表明,该系统可以很好地实现局域网内的媒体资源共享,提升用户娱乐体验。     

基于云存储的教学资源共享研究与实现

教学资源的有效保存是教学资源共享的基础保障，必须建设安全可靠的存储环境，才能保障信息服务的正常进行。结合本校实际，研究开发了一个基于七牛云存储的教学资源共享系统。考察云计算在教育领域的实际应用效果，为将来教育信息化的大规模云计算应用积累经验。该系统的测试和使用情况表明，云存储可以有效降低购置硬件和维护的成本，而且运行更稳定，数据更安全。     

基于安全机制的文件共享和传输的优化设计

分析了现有的文件共享和传输的相关技术,针对存在的某些安全隐患进行了相应的优化设计。在文件共享部分,通过采用基于XML的间接文件共享方式,即只公开共享信息,而非直接挂载共享文件,避免了因共享路径产生的安全漏洞;在文件传输部分加入了多重安全机制,保证了文件传输的安全性。分析表明,本设计在不影响文件共享传输效率的情况下,使得局域网内文件共享和传输更加安全可靠。     

基于Google云计算平台的文件共享系统设计与实现

文件的存储、管理以及随时读取是众多现代企业的基本要求。分析了Google App Engine开发技术;提出了基于Google云计算平台的文件共享系统的设计方案;通过对Google App Engine开发环境的部署,实现了文件共享系统。