城市地铁浅埋暗挖法施工安全巡视工作要点

结合北京城市地铁＂浅埋暗挖法＂施工特点及安全巡视工作经验,简要阐述了＂浅埋暗挖法＂工程施工安全风险管理中安全巡视的重要性、主要内容、工作流程及方法等,以供相关技术人员研究、讨论。     

工程项目安全检查的探讨

简述了工程项目的安全工作对于企业的重要意义,介绍了安全检查的目的和作用以及人、物、安全管理的内容,论述了安全检查的形式与方法,提出了对安全检查人员的有关要求,以促进企业的稳步发展。     

Preparing Singapore's construction industry for the knowledge-based economy: practices,procedures and performance

During the last decade, sustainable development issues have been gradually adopted in Greece's construction industry, changing the traditional methods and technology. The aim of this investigation is to identify potential drivers of change, to position them properly in the wider context of sustainable construction and to outline the progress to be expected in the coming decade. The methodological framework used is a Delphi technique based on a questionnaire of 20 experts (consultant engineers, construction managers and contractors). The results show that the most important influences on sustainable construction in Greece are energy conservation measures, resource conservation strategies and waste reduction. In terms of the initiatives expected in the coming decade, energy conservation measures, waste reduction measures, as well as product innovation and certification are expected to rank high. In conclusion, the results are consistent with those of previous researchers showing significant trends towards land use, energy, and resource conservation.     

建筑工程安全检查中的博弈分析

通过完全信息静态博弈对建筑安全检查进行了定量分析,并对安全检查部门和建筑单位的具体行为作了详细的阐述,利用混合战略纳什(Nash)均衡求出均衡点,从而为安全检查机关和政府有关部门提供决策参考,有较高的应用价值。     

A proactive system for real-time safety management in construction sites

Construction sites still present high accident rates. The advent of advanced sensing technologies has motivated the development of unprecedented automated systems, capable of supporting health and safety control. Their application is particularly critical in those cases where regular safety inspections may prove to be inadequate in terms of preventing risks which, because of their specific nature, are unpredictable.This paper reports the development of a first prototype for the proactive safety management and real-time signaling of potential overhead hazards. It is expected to enhance standard safety policies and assist inspectors and coordinators in executing their tasks. The system performs real-time tracking using ultra wide band technology and implements proactive virtual fencing logics. The development of the system, its laboratory test results, the algorithm optimization, and the final field test results are reported herein. The results achieved demonstrate the capability of proactive logics to reinforce safety management policies and assist personnel in coping with unpredictable hazardous events.     

A comparative study on adopting human resource practices for safety management on construction projects in the United States and Singapore

Good project management outcomes include completing projects to an acceptable level of quality, within budget and on time. As construction accidents may cause project delays, safety management plays an important role in a project's timely completion. This study aims to undertake a comparative study of HR practices adopted for safety management on construction projects in the United States (US) and Singapore and to investigate the relationship between HR practices and construction safety management outcomes (severity and frequency of accidents). The research method included exploratory interviews and industry surveys of contractors in the US and Singapore by email and post. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. Compared to Singapore contractors, the results show that US contractors' project management practices place significantly more emphasis on highlighting organizational safety values to new workers and taking working experience into account during the selection process. On the other hand, Singapore contractors place more emphasis on providing appropriate rest areas for workers. Many HR practices are significantly correlated with safety management outcomes. These include: taking age into consideration during selection process and giving feedback to workers about their unsafe behaviour. It is recommended that project managers adopt relevant HR practices that lead to more effective safety management on construction projects.     

Development and validation of a multilevel safety climate measurement tool in the construction industry

Construction organizations are large and complex with decentralized structures, and characterized by non-routine work undertaken by semi-autonomous work groups. Construction workers’ perceptions of safety climate can form at different levels and vary between subunits. A multilevel safety climate measurement tool was proposed, which identified five important safety agents, i.e. client, principal contractor, supervisor, co-workers, and individual workers. Surveys were conducted at three construction projects commissioned by Fonterra Co-operative Group. A total of 356 participants completed the survey. The data was subject to scale reliability analysis and factor analysis. The results showed that all scales achieved satisfactory internal consistency and the multilevel factorial structure was generally supported. At the organizational level, the tool measures clients’ overall safety priority and safety actions, and principal contractors’ general commitment to safety. At the group level, the tool measures supervisors’ safety actions and safety expectations, and co-workers’ general safety values and practices. The tool also measures individual safety responses reflected by safety compliance and safety participation. The measurement tool would help construction organizations to diagnose potential weaknesses in their safety management practices for safety improvement and also help to develop a social and cultural work environment that is supportive of safety at all levels.     

Mobilizing the skills of specialist firms to reduce costs and enhance performance in the European construction industry: two case studies

Analyses are made of procurement strategies capable of leading to cost reduction and higher quality through the contribution of specialized firms. An exploration is made of the literature concerning the procurement of manufactured goods and progress by analysing two case studies: the East Bridge of the Storebælt link and the Grand Canal Maritime bridge. Both these projects adopted procurement systems that led to a learning process capable of enhancing performance and reducing overall costs. It is evident that the success of learning-oriented procurement strategies relies on two major conditions. First, the client's tender must be issued with an open design demanding an active contribution from the firms involved in the construction process. Second, the firms bidding for the job must be able to manage two distinct sets of skills: the technical skills relating to a specific production process and the ability to connect these skills to the client's needs through a co-design process, or what is known as the strategic intermediation function.     

A century of innovation in the Dutch construction industry

In recent years, the number of publications on innovation in the construction industry has increased. Many of these documents address qualitative issues, e.g. policies for innovation and present case studies. A more quantitative approach is taken in this paper, which is the continuation of a previous study. It focuses on main types and sources of innovation in the construction industry, and includes an analysis of 55 years of publications in two leading Dutch professional journals. The results show a recent increase in innovation, with two‐thirds of innovations coming out of supplying industries. Construction companies contribute mainly in process innovations. Innovation in construction remains to be technology‐ rather than market‐driven. Regulations have a surprising impact, as over one‐third of all counted new innovations are related to new regulations.     

Conflict and individual coping behaviour in informal matrix organizations within the construction industry

In this paper the use of formal and informal matrix organizations in the South African construction industry are discussed; with the specific purpose of examining inter-personal and intra-personal conflict and of determining the psychological coping techniques of professional personnel in these organizations under stressful working conditions. The results of unstructured interviews with such professionals are presented in the form of case study material. The general conclusion is that although such organizations may be successful in the management of construction projects in South Africa, they do not always contribute to the psychological Well-being of employees.     

谈安全监理控制的重要性

通过阐述发生在施工现场的几类安全事故,总结了采取的预控制和事后措施,及收到的成效和汲取的教训,旨在提醒监理的同行们,学会运用有关的法律、法规和相关知识,做到有的放矢,使得所监理项目不发生或少发生安全事故,最大限度保证监理项目人、财、物的安全。     

客运专线CA砂浆试验检测与施工技术

以许漯特大桥无砟轨道工程为例,介绍了客运专线CA砂浆试验检测与施工技术,分别阐述了试验检测特点、工艺原理、施工工艺、养护技术及安全环保措施等内容,以期指导今后同类无砟轨道工程。     

建筑工程质量监督检测

结合监督检测的概念、内容和范围,对如何实施监督检测,以及对监督检测结果的评价和处理做了详细的阐述,以期更为科学、准确地发现质量问题,有效地将质量事故消灭在萌芽阶段。     

Management of recruitment in the construction industry

Prompted by allegations of inefficiency, the British construction industry has been subjected to government- and industry-sponsored investigations. Manpower issues—many of which involve a consideration of recruitment and recruitment practices—were reputed to be critically important in contributing to the overall performance of the industry. Some of the issues raised and the solutions offered to the perceived problems are discussed. An outline is given of the approach that sociologists might adopt to such issues and to questions that need to be asked in connection with recruitment. Work currently being conducted by the authors concerning management strategies in relation to recruitment is described.     

Globalization and construction industry development: implications of recent developments in the construction sector in Asia

Recent developments in the construction sector in the Asian region demonstrate three trends: (1) larger private sector participation in infrastructure projects, (2) increasing vertical integration in the packaging of construction projects, and (3) increased foreign participation in domestic construction. This paper attributes the trends to the globalization and deregulation of markets necessitated by fiscal, technological and managerial constraints. Although these trends present intra-Asian opportunities, there are also areas of concern. The trends have helped polarize the financial and technical superiority of the developed countries and the corresponding inferiority of the developed countries in the region of the developing ones. In the long term, this gap could be filled through technology transfer. In the short term, however, there are concerns that imported construction services could grow at the expense of the indigenous sectors of the developing countries. This paper illustrates this dilemma with the case of Japan as a world leader in international construction services. Its dominance has apparently come through the orchestration of industrial and corporate policies, implemented in a highly regulated and protected domestic market. However, construction industries in other Asian economies (such as China) will have to leapfrog in technology, finance and management know-how (e.g. through joint ventures with developed countries' construction companies) before they can become formidable powers in an environment that has become much more global, more de-regulated, more open and more competitive than before.     

建筑工程材料质量检测提升路径探究

建筑材料质量对工程质量有直接影响,在建筑工程施工前,需要对建筑材料进行质量检测。本文根据我国建筑工程发展现状,围绕建筑材料质量检测提升进行了理论探讨和实践研究,分析了质量检测的重要性和影响因素,提出了质量检测提升的措施、路径。     

The relationship between changes in equipment technology and wages in the US construction industry

The US construction industry has witnessed a drop in real wages since 1970. The decline in real wages may be attributed to a combination of socio‐economic factors like migrant labourers, fringe benefits, safety procedures, union membership and worker skills. Another factor that may be impacting construction real wages is technological changes over the past couple of decades, including technological changes in construction equipment. This paper examines the relationship between changes in equipment technology and changes in construction wages with the help of five factors of equipment technology change: control, energy, ergonomics, functionality and information processing. Furthermore, data from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics' Current Population Survey is used to examine the effects of computer usage on wages among US hourly workers in construction. The research findings show significant relations exist between changes in equipment control, functionality and information processing with wages among non‐supervisory workers. Another finding indicated that although non‐supervisory construction workers who use computers at work earn higher hourly wages, there was no added wage benefit after controlling for the effects of experience, education and age.     

建筑工程质量检测管理技术的应用探讨

研究了影响建筑工程质量检测管理的相关因素,结合在施工中遇到的具体问题,分析了质量检测管理过程中存在的不足,从人员、仪器、信息系统等方面进行讨论,指点管理技术方面应注意的事项,并提出一些建议。     

浅析信息化在建设工程检测管理中的应用

随着建设工程检测业务的大幅度增加，检测单位数量也迅速增加，如何应用先进的信息化管理模式来为建设工程检测管理服务是一项当务之急的任务。本文论述了工程检测质量管理信息化系统的要求、优点及管理内容，并以福建省为例，阐明信息化在建设工程检测管理中应用的必然性和优越性。