微量钪在Al-Cu-Li-Zr合金中的存在形式和作用

通过显微组织观察和室温拉伸实验,研究了微量Sc在Al-Cu-Li-Zr合金中的存在形式和对合金微观组织和拉伸性能的影响.结果表明:微量Sc在Al-Cu-Li-Zr合金中主要以初生Al3(Sc,Zr)和次生Al3(Sc,Zr)两种形式存在.初生的Al3(Sc,Zr)是合金凝固过程中形成的,可成为有效的非均质形核中心,显著细化铸态晶粒组织,具有细晶强化和增塑作用;次生Al3(Sc,Zr)是合金在热加工过程中析出的,对位错和亚晶界起钉扎作用,稳定亚结构并有效抑制合金再结晶,具有亚结构强化和直接析出强化作用.因此,加入微量Sc的Al-Cu-Li-Zr合金的强度和塑性大大提高.     

Mn和Zr对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu铝合金各向异性的影响

采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)以及室温拉伸、剥落腐蚀、晶间腐蚀等测试方法,研究了微量的Mn和Zr对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu铝合金的组织和性能各向异性的影响。结果表明,在Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Ti合金中,分别添加微量的Mn和Zr,合金中对应析出细小弥散的Al6Mn和Al3Zr相,这两相均能抑制基体再结晶,促使合金的晶粒纵横比增大。合金的力学性能、抗晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀性能提高,但性能各向异性增大。同时,结果显示Zr对合金的组织和性能各向异性的影响显著大于Mn。     

Zr-Ti-Cr-Mn-V-Ni合金相结构和电化学性能

研究了非计量比合金Zr(Cr0.2Mn01V0.05Ni0.65)x(x=1.8～2.4)的相结构和电化学性质.结果发现,欠计量比时,随x变小,合金中C14型Laves相增多,第二相Zr7Ni10减少至消失,并出现了新相Zr9Ni11.而过计量比时,随x增加,合金中C14型Laves相和Zr7Ni10相都相应减少至消失,合金Zr(Cr0.2Mn0.1V005Ni0.65)24由C15型Laves单相组成.过计量比合金具有较好的活化性能,但非计量比合金的放电容量普遍低于计量比合金,而且非计量比对合金高倍率放电性能的提高影响不大.     

(Ti-Cr)40V55Zr5储氢合金的热处理改性

研究了(Ti-Cr)10V55Zr5储氢合金在真空热处理(1473 K下保温2 h和6 h)改性前后的相结构及储氢性能.XRD及SEM分析表明,(Ti-Cr)40V55Zr5铸态合金由BCC结构的固溶体主相和ZrCr2基第二相组成;经过热处理后,合金的BCC主相的晶胞体积有所增大,除了BCC主相和ZrCr2基第二相外,还出现微量的富Ti第三相.储氢性能测试表明,热处理后(Ti-Cr)40V55Zr5合金的动力学性能和活化性能均得到改善,室温最大吸氢量略微降低,但P-C-T曲线放氢压力平台倾斜度降低,平台宽度稍有增大,80℃有效放氢量增大.研究表明,在1473 K下经2 h热处理改性的(Ti-Cr)40V55Zr5合金具有较好的综合性能,首次吸氢即可活化,室温吸氢量为401 ml·g-1,80℃有效放氢量达到240 ml·g-1.     

微量元素对稳定奥氏体(可伐)合金氢脆的影响

利用氢致延滞断裂实验的方法初步研究了不同微量元素(Zr、Hf、Y、S、Mg)对可伐合金氢致延滞开裂性能的影响。结果表明,微量 Zr、Hf 能够提高可伐合金的抗氢脆能力,而微量 Y 则降低可伐合金的抗氢脆能力,并且 Y 具有强烈的氢陷井作用;通过可伐合金再结晶退火温区长期退火后微量的 S 沿晶界偏聚,并促进可伐合金的氢脆。在本实验条件下微量 Zr、Hf、Mg 均不能去除 S 的这种危害作用。通过对可伐合金的表面氢致裂纹走向的观察分析发现,其穿晶裂纹可能是沿易滑移系{111}和{100}扩展的。     

微量Sc和Zr对Al—Az—Mg合金组织与性能的影响

采用铸锭冶金法制备了Al-6.2Zn-2.0Mg-0.25Zr和Al-6.2Zn-2.0Mg合金,测试不同处理态的拉伸力学性能。利用金相显微镜和透射电子显微镜研究其不同处理态的显微组织,结果表明：添加微量Sc和Zr可明显细化合金的铸态晶粒,并显著提高Al-Zn-Mg合金的力学性能,其作用机理主要为Al3(Sc,Zr)造成的细晶强化,亚结构强化和弥散强化。     

ZrTi-V-Mn-Ni系贮氢合金的相结构与电化学性能研究*

优化合金组成,设计六种锆基AB2型贮氢合金材料。XRD分析表明,当0≤x≤0.5时,Zr1-xTix(NiCoMnV)2.1贮氢合金的主相都是Laves C15,但随Ti含量的增加,Laves C14相含量增多;当用V-Fe(85.6%)合金代替Zr0.6Ti0.4(NiCoMn-VFeCr)1.7中的V时,贮氢合金中Laves C14相的含量几乎可与Laves C15相当。电化学测试表明：Zr0.9Ti0.1(NiCoMnV)2.1贮氢电极的放电容量可达340mAh/g左右,但是随着Ti含量的逐渐增加,合金电极的放电容量降低很快。以适量的（V－Fe)合金取代Zr0.6Ti0.4(NiCoMnVFeCr)1.7合金中的V和Fe,发现合金电极的第一次放电容量就能达到200mAh/g左右,并且其容量稍高于含纯V的合金电极,容量可达315mAh/g左右。     

微量元素对Cu-Zr-Al系非晶合金性能的影响

通过对直径为3mm成分为Cu50Zr43Al7、(Cu50Zr43Al7)100-xYx(x=2,5)、(Cu50Zr43Al7)100-xAgx(x=6,7)的非晶合金进行X射线衍射(XRD)和差分扫描量热(DSC)的测试分析,研究了微量元素Ag、Y对Cu50Zr43Al7块状非晶的玻璃形成能力和热稳定性的影响。结果表明,添加适当微量的Ag和Y元素,提高了合金的热稳定性和玻璃形成能力,但Ag元素比Y元素的作用要更加显著。利用动电位极化法对各非晶合金在3.5%NaCl溶液中的电化学测试表明,各非晶合金的耐腐蚀性均远远好于相应的晶态合金。添加了微量的Ag、Y元素提高了Cu50Zr43Al7非晶合金的耐蚀性能,Cu43Zr43Al7Ag7非晶合金的腐蚀电流密度比Cu50Zr43Al7的降低了1～2个数量级。     

Al-Mg-Mn和Al-Mg-Mn-Sc-Zr合金的再结晶

研究了Al-Mg-Mn和Al-Mg-Mn-Sc-Zr合金冷轧后在不同退火温度下合金的组织和性能的变化.结果表明,与不添加钪和锆的合金相比,复合添加0.4%Sc(质量分数)和Zr能使Al-Mg-Mn合金的再结晶开始温度提高120℃左右.添加微量Sc和Zr合金没有明显再结晶终了温度,在接近熔点时显微组织仍是加工态纤维组织.Sc,Zr复合添加形成的纳米级的二次Al3(Sc,Zr)相质点,对位错和亚晶界有强烈的钉扎作用,再结晶难以形核和长大,从而有效地抑制冷轧后退火过程中的再结晶.     

微量钪Sc对5A01合金性能与显微组织的影响

研究了在5A01合金基础上添加0.2%Sc和0.3%Sc后合金的显微组织、力学性能、腐蚀性能及焊接性能.结果表明,微量Sc的加入,初生Al3Sc或Al3(Sc,Zr)粒子可成为有效的非均质晶核,细化合金的铸态晶粒,次生Al3Sc或Al3(Sc,Zr)粒子能有效地钉扎位错和亚晶界,稳定亚结构并强烈抑制合金的再结晶.因此,微量Sc加入使5A01合金基体强度提高,腐蚀性能和焊接性能与5A01合金相当甚至更好.     

Machinable REPM with Excellent Intrinsic Coercive ForcePrepared by DS Technology

To obtain excellent magnetic properties of machinable REPM prepared by directional solidification (DS) technology Space A, a composition area with θ=0°~5° where easy axis is parallel to solidified direction of alloys, has been established in Zr-Sm-La-Co-Cu-Fe system. In 2/17+1/5+Co, and 2/17+1/5 region near Co phase of Space A, one obtains:Vf = 80.933 - 2.739Zr - 1.828Sm - 0.773Co - 0.147Cu + 0.415Fe + 0.218LaNonequilibrium solidification process of alloys in 2/17+1/5+Co region, is as follows: L→Co,L→2/17, L+2/17→1/5 and L→1/(5-x)+1/(5+x). The product of partially completed peritectic reaction, and 1/(5-x) and 1/(5+x) phases can all be transformed into a homogeneous 1/5 phase after solution treatment in 1413 K for 5 h. Containing 3~6% Co phase magnetically hardened by 0.5~2.5% V, the DS magnets have been achieved with both improved toughness and excellent coercive force of 520 kA/m.     

时效处理对快速凝固Al-Li—Cu 及 Al-Li-Cu-Zr合金结构与性能的影响

通过拉伸和电镜观察等方法研究了时效处理对快速凝固的 Al-2.4Li-2.4Cu,Al-2.4Li-2.4Cu-0.3Zr 和 Al-2.4Li-2.4Cu-0.7Zr 三种合金结构与性能的影响。实验结果表明,加入 Zr元素和进行预变形可明显地提高 Al-Li-Cu 合金的时效速度并提高合金的强度。但 Zr 含量超过0.3wt-%以后并不产生明显的强化效果。预变形产生的位错对 T1 强化相的均匀析出十分有利。     

Development and Application of Rare Earth Permanent Magnet (REPM) Material in Electric Machines

With the development of permanent materials, the development and application of permanent material electric machine (REPM) have been more mature. At first the state of development and application of REPM electric machine is presented in this paper, many RMEM have been produced in volume such as the pilot exciter used for power set of large-scale thermal power station, the special RMEM synchronous motor for textile, the starter motor for automobile, the brushless permanent magnet DC motor for electric facilities, permanent magnet servomotor for numerical controlled machine tool, rare-earth torque motor, special micro-motor for automobile and so on. Secondly the field of application of REPM electric machine and remaining problems is analyzed, because of the price of the rare-earth permanent magnet materials, the cost of RMEM is currently higher than that of induction machine, on the other side the dispersibility of performance of rare-earth permanent magnet materials and the limitation of technique of integral excitation are also remaining problems, above-mentioned problems handicapped the popularization of REPMEM. At last the developing prospect and trend of REPM electric machines is described, there are four promising types of PMEM: economical type, high performance type, high efficiency and energy-saving type, micromation, intelligibility type. With the appearance of new REPM material and the improvement of its performance and the continuous perfection of performance of electric-power electronic components, the development and the application of REPM electric machines will be further progressed.     

Zr 对 DZ38合金凝固行为和持久性能的影响(英文)

研究了普通定向凝固 DZ38高温合金中,Zr 含量对 DZ38合金凝固行为和持久性能的影响。结果表明,微量元素 Zr 严重影响合金的凝固偏析,Zr 含量超过0.03wt-%时,合金中γ+γ′共晶的析出最明显增加,合金偏析严重,因而降低了合金的初熔和终凝温度;降低 Zr 含量,合金的持久寿命明显提高,特别是无 Zr 合金的横向持久性能比普通 DZ38(含0.057wt-%Zr)合金提高一倍以上。     

添加纳米氧化铝粉对可加工微晶玻璃性能的影响及机理研究

采用烧结法制备出了纳米氧化铝粉含量从0～5%的可加工微晶玻璃,对其可加工性能、维氏硬度、显微结构和物相分析的结果表明:纳米氧化铝粉能显著提高微晶玻璃的可加工性能,使之能够攻出螺纹;纳米氧化铝粉的加入使微晶玻璃的维氏硬度降低。通过微晶玻璃的显微结构分析表明,纳米氧化铝粉没有与微晶玻璃中的成分发生化学反应,均匀分布在微晶玻璃的晶粒或晶界上,起到"钉扎"的作用,从而有效提高了微晶玻璃的可加工性能。     

纳米ZrO2的电子顺磁共振特性及其表面效应

用ＢＥＴ（氮吸附法），ＴＥ几ＸＲＤ技术测定了纳米ＺｒＯ２粉的比表面积、粒径、晶粒尺寸以及相结构随煅烧温度的变化、纳米ＺｒＯ２粉具有Ｆｓ－ｃｅｎｔｅｒ和Ｚｒ＾３＋两种电子自旋共振（ＥＳＲ）信号，Ｚｒ＾３＋是一个与体相相关的信号，而Ｆｓ－ｃｅｎｔｅｒ信号强度减弱，而Ｚｒ＾３＋信号强度增强，变化的临界尺寸为１６ｍ＾２．ｇ＾－１，当比表面积小于１６ｍ＾２．ｇ＾－１时，Ｆｓ－ｃｅｎｔｅｒ信号消失，而Ｚｒ＾３     

Reaction diffusion in the vanadium-zirconium system

Reaction diffusion in the vanadium-zirconium system has been studied in the temperture range 1273 to 1473 K by use of two types of semi-infinite couples, (pure V)-(pure Zr) and (pure V)-(Zr-13.5 at% V alloy) and a sandwich type couple, (pure V)-(pure Zr foil of 50 to ~ 200m)-(pure V). In all three types of couples diffused above 1373 K parabolic growth of the V₂Zr phase layer has been observed after respective incubation times. At 1473 K, the incubation time in the (pure V)-(pure Zr) couple is 24 h, however, it is 1 h in the (pure V)-(pure Zr foil of 50m)-(pure V) couple and nearly zero in the (pure V)-(Zr-13.5 at% V alloy) couple. This suggests that for nucleation of the V₂Zr phase during the reaction diffusion, the concentration at the interface of the phase boundary between the-phase (Zr-rich solid solution) and the-phase (V-rich solid solution) is required to reach the nearly equilibrium one. It has been found that at the lower diffusion temperature the uphill diffusion of vanadium from the-phase contributes in part to growth of the V₂Zr layer. In addition to the V₂Zr phase, another phase, VZr, unexpected from the equilibrium phase diagram of the V-Zr system has been formed in the (pure V)-(pure Zr) couple diffused at 1473 K for more than 230 h.     

稀土永磁电机及控制器在压缩机中的应用

分析目前异步电动机在家用制冷电器中的弊端,介绍与之相应的几种变频调速控制器的性能特点,通过与稀土永磁电动机变频调速系统比较分析,展望稀土永磁电机及其变频器在可变制冷量家用制冷电器上的应用前景.     

The stability and elastic properties of NaCl-type MN (M = Ti, V, Zr, Nb, and Ta) compounds investigated by first principles

The first principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) are adopted to investigate the stability, elastic constants, Debye temperature, and hardness of MN (M = Ti, V, Zr, Nb, Ta). The NaCl-type cubic structures of MN (M = Ti, V, Zr, Nb, and Ta) compounds are optimized, and the lattice parameters are in good agreement with the experimental values. The calculated values of cohesive energy and formation enthalpy indicated that they are stable structures. The mechanical properties are presented by our calculation, which are elastic constants, bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young’s modulus, and Poisson’s ratio. The Debye temperature of MN (M = Ti, V, Zr, Nb, Ta) are obtained and the results show that the value of TaN is the lowest of them. The hardness of MN (M = Ti, V, Zr, Nb, and Ta) compounds is 23.2, 25.0, 14.0, 16.0, 16.5 GPa, respectively.