大面积金刚石自支撑膜机械抛光的优化工艺研究

研究了一种用于抛光等离子体溅射CVD法制备的金刚石自支撑膜的高效安全的抛光工艺.试验探索了转盘转速、金刚石粉颗粒尺寸、磨盘表面形状对金刚石自支撑膜磨抛速率的影响.研究表明:带槽盘对金刚石自支撑膜的粗研磨效果明显,速率较高,平面盘对提高金刚石自支撑膜的表面粗糙度有利;不同颗粒的金刚石粉对应着各自合适的能充分利用其磨削能力的转速,在这个转速下,金刚石自支撑膜的磨抛速率在12μm/h左右.本文通过对新的工艺参数的探索,为金刚石自支撑膜后续加工提供有力的技术支持.     

金刚石膜内晶粒尺寸和取向对其热导率的影响

研究了金刚石膜内晶粒尺寸和取向程度对金刚石膜热导率的影响。通过对衬底表面进行不同研磨时间的处理和适当的工艺条件，采用灯丝热解化学气相沉积（ＨＦＣＶＤ）的方法在单晶硅衬底上形成了具有不同晶粒尺寸和不同程度（１００）晶面取向的金刚石膜，并研究了其热导率。结果表明，由大晶粒和较高程度（１００）晶面取向的晶粒构成的金刚石膜具有热导率特性。     

金刚石薄膜热导率的研究现状

分析了金刚石薄膜热导率的声子导热机理,从金刚石薄膜晶体结构的角度总结了影响热导率的因素,例如晶界、晶内杂质、缺陷、晶粒尺寸、晶粒取向、同位素;从金刚石薄膜合成工艺角度探讨了影响金刚石薄膜热导率的因素,例如基底材料及预处理、合成温度、气源及添加气体(氧气、氮气)、工作压强、功率等.     

大面积高光学质量金刚石自支撑膜的制备

介绍了一种新型的磁控/流体动力学控制的大口径长通道直流电弧等离子体炬,并据此设计建造了100千瓦级高功率DC Arc Plasma Jet CVD金刚石膜沉积系统.讨论了该系统采用的半封闭式气体循环系统的工作原理,以及在气体循环条件下制备大面积高光学质量金刚石自支撑膜的研究结果.     

抛光对化学气相沉积金刚石自支撑膜断裂强度的影响

研究了抛光对化学气相沉积金刚石自支撑膜断裂强度的影响。结果表明,金刚石自支撑膜粗糙表面所带来的V形缺口会降低其断裂强度,而且随着膜厚的增加,降低的程度越明显,通过抛光粗糙表面,消除了V形缺口对断裂强度的影响,有利于提高金刚石膜的抗破坏能力。提出了一种金刚石膜断裂强度的经验计算方法,获得的断裂强度值更接近于金刚石膜的本征断裂强度。     

DC Arc Plasma Jet CVD金刚石自支撑膜的质量对物理性能的影响

本研究对Raman谱进行高斯（Gauss）和洛仑兹（Lorenz）分峰拟合，将金刚石自支撑膜Raman谱分成纯金刚石峰和非金刚石峰，对比两种方法的精度，结果显示高斯拟合的精度高些。运用经验公式计算出金刚石自支撑膜的质量因子，发现质量因子主要受纯金刚石峰强度和无定型碳峰强度的影响，非金刚石峰强度与质量因子成反比，纯金刚石峰强与质量因子成正比，同时还受到内应力的影响。质量因子与热导率、断裂强度和红外透过率的关系表明，金刚石自支撑膜的以上物理性能与其质量成正比关系。     

金刚石自支撑膜的高温红外透过性能

由于金刚石具有低吸收和优异的力学与导热性能使其成为长波(8~12μm)红外光学窗口材料的重要选择。对于许多极端条件的应用,化学气相沉积(CVD)金刚石自支撑膜的高温光学性质至关重要。应用直流电弧等离子喷射法制备光学级金刚石自支撑膜进行变化温度的红外光学透过性能研究,采用光学显微镜、X射线衍射、激光拉曼和傅里叶变换红外-拉曼光谱仪检测CVD金刚石膜的表面形貌、结构特征和红外光学性能。结果表明:在27℃时金刚石膜长波红外8~12μm之间的平均透过率达到65.95%,在500℃时8~12μm处的平均透过率为52.5%。透过率下降可分为3个阶段。对应于透过率随温度的下降,金刚石膜的吸收系数随温度的升高而增加。金刚石自支撑膜表面状态的变化,对金刚石膜光学性能的影响显著大于内部结构的影响。     

大面积高光学质量金钢石自支撑膜的制备

介绍了一种新型的磁控/流体动力学控制的大口径长通道直流电弧等离子体炬，并据此设计建造了100千瓦级高功率DC Arc Plasma Jet CVD金刚石膜沉积系统，讨论了该系统采用的半封闭式气体循环系统的工作原理，以及在气体循环条件下制备大面积高光学质量金刚石自支撑膜的研究结果。     

自支撑金刚石厚膜脱离基体前后的残余应力研究

运用ANSYS软件建立了有限元模型,对直流等离子体喷射制备的自支撑金刚石厚膜在脱离基体前、后的残余应力分别进行了数值模拟。为了使模拟更接近于金刚石膜的真实制备环境,本文取消了以往对金刚石膜或基体内的温度场常作的均匀或线性的人为假设,而采用对从磁控直流等离子体炬内喷射出的射流仿真计算结果。结论如下(:1)金刚石膜脱离基体之前,金刚石厚膜内的热残余应力呈空间应力状态,第一主应力在膜层中心以外的大部分地方均为拉应力,易引起膜开裂破坏;膜/基界面上极大的剪切应力是引起金刚石膜从基体上脱离的主要原因。(2)金刚石膜脱离基体之后,热残余应力绝大部分被释放,膜内最终的残余应力可认为是本征应力。     

晶粒尺寸对CVD金刚石膜电学特性的影响

通过改变生长参数,采用热丝化学气相沉积(HFCVD)法制备了从10μm到90nm四种晶粒尺寸的金刚石膜,并制作了三明治结构的光电导探测器.采用原子力显微镜和拉曼光谱仪研究了薄膜的结构和表面形貌:表面粗糙度从423nm变化到15nm;晶粒越大,金刚石膜的质量越好.I-V特性测试结果表明随着晶粒尺寸的减小,金刚石膜的电阻率从1011Ω·cm减小到106Ω·cm.在5.9 keV的55Fe X射线辐照下,随着晶粒尺寸的减小,探测器的信噪比(SNR)呈减小趋势.     

Thermal conductivity of CVD diamond films

Diamond films 60 and 170 µm in thickness were grown by PACVD (plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition) under similar conditions. The thermal diffusivity of these freestanding films was measured between 100 and 300 K using AC calorimetry. Radiation heat loss from the surface was estimated by analyzing both the amplitude and the phase shift of a lock-in amplifier signal. Thermal conductivity was calculated using the specific heat data of natural diamond. At room temperature, the thermal conductivity of the 60 and 170 m films is 9 and 16 W-cm^–1. K^–1 respectively, which is 40–70% that of natural diamond, The temperature dependence of thermal conductivity of the CVD diamond films is similar to that of natural diamond, Phonon scattering processes are considered using the Debye model, The microsize of the grain boundary has a significant effect on the mean free path of phonons at low temperatures. The grain in CVD diamond film is grown as a columnar structure, Thus, the thicker film has the larger mean grain size and the higher thermal conductivity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy were used to study the microstructure of the CVD diamond films. In this experiment, we evaluated the quality of CVD diamond film of the whole sample by measuring the thermal conductivity.Paper presented at the Twelfth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 19–24, 1994, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.     

探针法测量低温下猪主动脉导热系数研究

低温下导热系数测定对生物器官的低温保存、低温外科医学及数值模拟计算至关重要.在分析探针法测量原理的基础上,用探针法对低温下猪主动脉的导热系数进行了测量研究.实验表明探针在用甘油和蒸馏水进行标定后,可以方便准确地测量-90～-35℃温区下猪主动脉的导热系数.     

织构对CVD自支撑金刚石薄膜残余应变的影响

计算了薄膜试样不同方向的弹性模量,研究了织构和甲烷浓度对CVD自支撑金刚石薄膜的宏观残余应变的影响.结果表明,织构使CVD金刚石薄膜的弹性模量和宏观残余应变呈现各向异性.甲烷浓度的升高导致织构组分密度水平变化,使薄膜的弹性模量增大,从而降低残余应变;另一方面,杂质浓度的升高增大宏观残余应变.改变薄膜沉积工艺参数可调整织构,从而调节薄膜的残余应力.     

氘化硼掺杂金刚石n型电导的研究

室温下缺少浅施主中心,已经成为金刚石材料制造电子器件的主要障碍之一。最近报道显示硼掺杂p型同质外延金刚石暴露在氘离子束中能形成浅施主态的n型电导,这是在外延金刚石材料中首次测出的浅施主能级。本文分析研究了目前p型金刚石出现导电类型转换这一新现象的最新研究进展。     

Effects of enhanced nucleation on the growth and thermal performance of diamond films deposited on BeO by hot filament CVD technique

A method of controlling the feeding concentration of methane was applied in a hot-filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) in order to improve the nucleation of diamond on the beryllium oxide substrates. The nucleation density and the morphologies of diamond were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) while the thermal conductivities of substrates and the composites were detected by laser-diathermometer. The results show that the diamond thin film is in larger grain size with lower roughness when CH₄ and H₂ enter the chamber, respectively, rather than as a mixture, and the composites’ conductivity soared by 21%–31% compared with BeO substrates. At the conditions of separated gas entry, several projects with changes of the CH₄ flux during depositing were designed to discuss the influence of CH₄ concentration on diamond nucleation. The uniform and compact diamond thin films were acquired when the ratio of CH₄:H₂ at nucleation stage was in the range of 4%–8%.     

Effective thermal conductivity of Cu/diamond composites containing connected particles

An analytical model for the thermal conductivity of Cu/diamond composites with connected particles is presented by replacement of a cluster of connected particles with an equivalent polycrystal subsequently using a multiple effective medium approach. By applying this model to the measured thermal conductivity of Cu/diamond composites prepared by high pressure high temperature sintering technique reported in the literature, we show that it quite well describes the observed thermal conductivity enhancement induced by the connected particles. We estimate the value of connected particle loading in real composites and show that large particles are easier to form the bonding contact than small particles. The present work also demonstrates that the sensitivity of thermal conductivity contribution from the connected particles strongly depends on the particle size, and their pronounced thermal conductivity enhancement should lie within the certain particle size range.     

Comments on the measurement of thermal conductivity and presentation of a thermal conductivity integral method

A discussion is presented regarding the significance of the spatial temperature gradient approximation normally used in thermal conductivity measurement. Examples are presented illustrating the magnitude of temperature differences allowed for conductivity integral (TCI) method of analysis is presented as an alternative method which totally eliminates the need to impose temperature difference restrictions on the measurement process, so long as other errors, such as radiative heat losses, do not become excessive.     

高导热炭材料的研究进展

炭材料具有高热导率、低密度、优异的机械性能,是近年来最具发展前景的一类散热材料.本文结合炭材料结构和传导机理主要介绍目前国内外在提高炭材料热导率方面的研究工作及发展趋势.     

SiO2二维纳米链的导热系数尺寸效应数值模拟

纳米隔热材料具有优良的隔热性能,在高超声速飞行器热防护技术中有着广泛应用前景。针对纳米隔热材料固体构架导热系数的尺寸效应,基于声子辐射传输方程建立了声子导热的二维计算模型,采用离散坐标法进行数值计算,以SiO2二维纳米链为例,对其横向及纵向导热系数尺寸效应进行了数值模拟。模拟结果表明,SiO2纳米隔热材料的二维纳米链导热具有明显尺寸效应,导热系数主要受纳米链直径影响,对直径2～4nm的纳米链,其导热系数比块材的导热系数小15%以上,研究结果对认识纳米隔热材料内固体构架热量传递机理具有一定指导作用。