用于精密模压的低熔点玻璃

光学玻璃直接模压成型技术带动了低熔点光学玻璃的发展。模压成型技术对所使用的光学玻璃材料提出了有别于传统光学玻璃的要求,要求开发出转变温度Tg低的环保型低熔点光学玻璃。分析了对低熔点玻璃的要求,介绍和对比各材料厂家最新的低熔点玻璃材料进展情况,并对用于精密模压的低熔点玻璃未来的发展方向作了展望。     

光学玻璃进展（四）

4 光学玻璃连续熔炼 4.1 光学玻璃连续熔炼的优点 最早的光学玻璃制造使用陶瓷坩埚熔化、搅拌、破埚再成形的方法制造.镧系玻璃的出现,促使铂坩埚熔炼的出现.光学玻璃制造技术和工艺已在<光学玻璃>中详细叙述.建筑玻璃、空心玻璃制品早已使用连续池窑方法制造.     

玻璃光纤制品医用消毒试验分析

通过对玻璃光纤制品进行常规的4种医用消毒试验，发现干热法和湿热法医用消毒对玻璃光纤制品基本无影响，但药物法和辐射法消毒则对玻璃光纤制品产生出不同程度损伤。试验发现，可以通过改变光学玻璃材料或增加表面增强技术等方法适应不同医用消毒方法，并提出了制造适合医用消毒的化学稳定性强的环保型光学玻璃、耐辐射光学玻璃、可拓宽玻璃光纤光传输波段光学玻璃以及研究玻璃光纤束表面增强技术的必要性和时代性。     

光学玻璃发展方向

光学玻璃是光学仪器工业的基础。近年来,随着社会主义建设事业的发展,光学玻璃在发展空间技术及各种尖端技术中,也占有重要地位。大尺寸玻璃质量的提高,光学设计对玻璃新品种的多样化需要,已对我们从事光学玻璃科研和生产的同志,提出了大量的新课题。 实践告诉我们,光学玻璃发展水平和光学仪器的发展存在较为密切的关系。光学系统     

磷酸盐光学玻璃的生产工艺

本文系阐述玻璃的生产工艺;其中,主要介绍改进后的磷酸盐玻璃的生产工艺。 磷酸盐玻璃以P_2O_5作为主要的玻璃形成剂。这类玻璃具有许多理想的光学性质。例如:磷酸盐光学玻璃是许多反常的相对部份色散值的光学玻璃的基础。而且,磷酸盐玻璃被用作为热屏蔽(吸热)和红外激光作业用的护目镜(滤色)玻璃。上述吸热及护目的性能均借助于磷基玻璃中的二价铁离子。此外,在氟化学及光化学的领域中,磷酸盐光学玻璃的用途可望迅速扩大。     

稀土玻璃的研制

随着科学技术的发展,稀土光学玻璃在制造特种高级镜头中占有重要地位。由于大量稀土元素被引入到玻璃中,这样不仅改进了玻璃的许多性能,而且也扩大了极其重要的新品种光学玻璃领域。 稀土光学玻璃具有高折射、低色散的特点。在大孔径宽视场的照象光学系统中,如果用     

特殊色散玻璃的研究进展

特殊色散玻璃,又称特殊相对部分色散玻璃,是偏离光学玻璃“正常线”较远的一类特种光学玻璃,具有特定的光学常数、高度透光性和较大的相对部分色散偏离值.本文介绍了特殊色散玻璃的研究进展,并指出了国内外差距.特殊色散玻璃是长焦距、大视场和高精度光学系统的关键优选材料,可应用于高品质光学系统中以消除二级光谱,简化和优化光学系统.最后展望了特殊色散玻璃的发展趋势.     

光学玻璃

本发明系阐述光学玻璃,专门叙述了具有高折射率和高色散v值(阿贝数)的,以氧化锗为玻璃主要组分的光学玻璃。 本发明的主要目的在于提供一种新型光学玻璃,该玻璃以氧化锗为主并具有1.80～1.94的折射指数n_d和32～43的v值。n_d是指在氦线(5876A)上测得的玻璃折射率,而v值是指n_(d-1)/(n_F-n_C)的比率,其中n_F和n_C分别是在氢蓝线(4861A)和氢红线(6563A)上测得的玻璃折射率。     

氟磷酸盐光学玻璃漏料管设计及流量控制的研究

选取氟磷酸盐光学玻璃的漏料成型作为研究对象,针对氟磷酸盐光学玻璃的漏料成型过程中,玻璃易产生析晶和成型条纹而进行设计和研究。通过对漏料管长度及管径的计算和设计,达到控制玻璃流量、提高产品质量的目的。     

水基光学玻璃清洗剂的研究

本文论述了一种新型的水基光学玻璃清洗剂的研制过程,成功解决光学玻璃清洗剂中低泡、环保、清洗效率等问题,该类清洗剂清洗完后在玻璃表面残留极少,不会影响玻璃的进一步加工。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。