大跨屋盖风荷载的频域特性试验研究

在大气边界层风洞中通过模拟大气边界层风场对广州国际会展中心模型进行测压试验,获得了测点的在36个风向角下的风荷载。对风荷载的功率谱、相关系数、相干函数进行了细致分析,讨论了风场对脉动风压频域特性的影响。得出一些结论：脉动风压功率谱表现很强的漩涡脱落特征,其斯脱罗哈数约为0.295;测点风压相关系数横风向强于顺风向,均随着测点间距的增大而减小,并且边缘区域测点的相关性高于中间区域测点;测点风压的相干系数随着测点距离的增大而减小,且顺风向高于横风向。     

矩形超高层建筑横风向脉动风力,Ⅱ:数学模型

系列文章的第一部分总结了矩形截面高层建筑横风向脉动风力的基本特征。在此基础上,采用非线性最小二乘法,以风场类型及厚宽比为基本变量,对横风向脉动风力根方差系数、竖向相关系数以及功率谱密度进行拟合,得到横风向脉动风力的闭合求解公式。最后通过与试验结果的比较,验证了这些公式的精度。运用这些公式,可较为方便地计算矩形截面高层建筑的横风向脉动风力。     

温州滨海平坦地貌近地台风特性实测研究

为研究温州滨海平坦地貌近地台风特性,在温州滨海建立了风工程实测基地（塔高10 m）,并利用台风"菲特"和"麦德姆"登陆过程中不同高度处风速及风向实测数据,研究了10 m高度范围内的平均风速和风向角、湍流度、阵风因子、湍流积分尺度和功率谱密度等风特性参数。结果表明:离地10 m高度范围内,实测风速剖面系数明显大于该地貌的规范取值,风速平均值和最大值均明显小于国家规范计算值;不同高度处横风向与顺风向湍流度比值随着高度减小而增大,实测湍流度与我国规范取值差异较大;顺风向,湍流积分尺度与平均风速之间的线性规律较好,随着高度增加湍流积分尺度离散性变大,湍流积分尺度的中位数与平均值差别不大,均小于日本规范;顺风向和横风向脉动风速功率谱有一定的变化,峰值频率和峰值都很接近,实测脉动风速的功率谱与Von Karman谱在数值上有一定的差异,但变化趋势基本一致。     

温州滨海平坦地貌近地台风特性实测研究EI北大核心CSCD

为研究温州滨海平坦地貌近地台风特性,在温州滨海建立了风工程实测基地(塔高10 m),并利用台风"菲特"和"麦德姆"登陆过程中不同高度处风速及风向实测数据,研究了10 m高度范围内的平均风速和风向角、湍流度、阵风因子、湍流积分尺度和功率谱密度等风特性参数。结果表明:离地10 m高度范围内,实测风速剖面系数明显大于该地貌的规范取值,风速平均值和最大值均明显小于国家规范计算值;不同高度处横风向与顺风向湍流度比值随着高度减小而增大,实测湍流度与我国规范取值差异较大;顺风向,湍流积分尺度与平均风速之间的线性规律较好,随着高度增加湍流积分尺度离散性变大,湍流积分尺度的中位数与平均值差别不大,均小于日本规范;顺风向和横风向脉动风速功率谱有一定的变化,峰值频率和峰值都很接近,实测脉动风速的功率谱与Von Karman谱在数值上有一定的差异,但变化趋势基本一致。     

考虑土-结构相互作用的高层建筑横风向振动分析

用由风洞试验得出的横风向荷载功率谱密度公式,推导出考虑结构-土相互作用(SSI)的横风向荷载功率谱密度和结构的频率响应函数矩阵公式,得到结构横风向风振响应计算公式.对超高层建筑横风向振动算例说明,考虑SSI后,房屋高度、土层的剪切波速和结构阻尼比的变化,对结构顶层的弹性位移、总位移和总加速度响应有不同影响,并指出不考虑SSI,高层建筑的横风向风振响应可能偏于不安全,因而对不同的响应类型,给出了不需考虑SSI的结构阻尼比取值范围的建议值.     

格构式塔架横风向脉动风荷载空间相关性研究

为了研究格构式塔架横风向脉动风荷载的空间相关性,基于某实际格构式塔架2个典型节段模型同步高频测力天平风洞试验和同步风速测试风洞试验,测得了模型基底剪力、弯矩和风速时程,通过数据处理方法得到了其横风向脉动风荷载及脉动风速的相干函数。在此基础上,分析比较了脉动风荷载及脉动风速的相干函数特点与变化规律。结果表明:格构式塔架横风向风荷载相干函数与频率,水平距离和竖向距离均有关;格构式塔架横风向风荷载相干函数与现有高层建筑及锥形烟囱等结构的结果存在一定差别。最后,运用非线性最小二乘法拟合得到了脉动风荷载相干函数经验公式,拟合公式与试验结果较吻合,可为分析格构式塔架横风向风荷载及风致响应提供一定的参考。     

直径30cm圆柱的气动力参数和绕流特性研究

为研究光滑圆柱的气动力系数和绕流特性,在均匀流中进行不同风速下的测压风洞试验,试验获得了阻力系数、升力系数、表面风压分布、风压相关性系数、斯托罗哈数等随雷诺数的变化特征,并将试验结果与以往结果进行比较。研究表明:升力系数的脉动值大于阻力系数的脉动值,说明涡脱造成的横风向激励比顺风向紊流激励剧烈;雷诺数位于临界区域时,圆柱表面风压分布呈现出对称-不对称-对称的变化过程,反映了由层流分离转化为湍流分离的全过程;在雷诺数为352000时呈现一侧为层流分离、另一侧为湍流分离的临界流态,风压呈现出左右不对称的单边泡形式;获得层流分离和湍流分离时的表面风压相关性分布特征,层流分离时圆柱同一侧的风压测点均呈较强的正相关,而湍流分离时在分离点前的区域相关性较强,分离点之后的区域相关性较弱;层流分离的升力系数谱有显著的峰值,表明尾流是规则的漩涡脱落,而湍流分离的升力系数谱没有明显峰值,表明尾流是随机的漩涡脱落。     

冷却塔群塔风致干扰脉动风压频谱特性与相关性

冷却塔群塔干扰效应研究通常面向塔筒等效静风荷载,缺少群塔组合对于脉动风压干扰特性的研究。该文选取矩形布置的八塔组合为研究对象,对群塔进行刚性模型同步测压风洞试验。基于不同风向角条件塔筒表面的脉动风压时程,研究了测点之间的脉动风压相关性,分析了关键测点风压频谱与环向整体合力频谱的相关性,比较了环向整体阻力(顺风向合力)与升力(横风向合力)的功率谱受扰特性,并基于试验数据给出了关键点风压以及合力的功率谱拟合表达式。频谱分析结果表明:干扰会增大结构敏感区域内的升力功率谱密度取值,由此引起的动力放大效应亟需关注。该文关于脉动风压干扰的研究策略和结论可为类似群体建/构筑物组合气动干扰效应分析提供借鉴思路。     

广州西塔气动荷载特性及风致响应研究

摘 要：以432米高的广州西塔的刚性模型多点同步测压风洞试验为背景,研究该超高层建筑结构气动荷载的竖向相干特性,采用相干函数方法(CFM)计算并替代气动力谱矩阵的互谱密度进行风致响应计算。结果显示,当经验指数式相干函数的指数衰减因子取6~8时,顺风向响应与精确结果较吻合,但在横风向上差别则比较明显。文中进一步计算了结构参振模态数目对西塔风振响应计算结果的影响,结果表明：忽略高阶模态对结构顺风向的层间位移角响应的影响较大、最大可产生9%的误差,但对结构横风向响应影响则很小,这意味着西塔风振响应仍由基阶模态控制。文中针对超高层建筑横风向响应估算的可行方法进行了讨论和建议。     

矩形超高层建筑横风向脉动风力.Ⅰ:基本特征

阐述系列论文的第一部分。对7个矩形截面超高层建筑模型进行了同步测压风洞试验。研究了横风向风力系数的根方差、功率谱密度、竖向相关性系数和相干函数的基本特征。通过对比不同厚宽比、不同风场的试验结果,研究了这两个参数对横风向脉动风力的影响效果。研究结果表明,厚宽比的影响效果最为显著,厚宽比不同,横风向脉动风力的作用机理可能也有所不同。     

The mixing and decay of a turbulence field characterized by two significant dynamic length scales

Abstract

The kinetic equation governing the probability density function of the fluid elements in velocity space and describing a multi‐length scale turbulence field is employed to analyze an initially uniform and homogeneous turbulence which is characterized by two different significant length scales. The mixing and decay of this turbulence field have been analyzed and the generation and the subsequent behavior of the apparent length scale have been also investigated.     

A probability density closure model for turbulence

Summary Starting from the Navier-Stokes equation, the evolution equation of the first order probability density functions of turbulence is derived. Closure assumptions for the pressure terms are introduced and the closed pdf equation is obtained. The resulting evolution equation takes the form of the Fokker-Planck equation and contains the existing Langevin based models as special cases. It is shown that the model predicts the known behaviors of turbulence in the limit of extremely high Reynolds number as well as a decaying turbulence. The moment equations are also examined. It is shown that the model is consistent with the recent second and third order closure models of turbulence.     

各向同性衰变湍流的直接数值模拟研究

该文对各向同性衰变湍流进行了直接数值模拟。获得了衰变湍流的瞬态特性,研究了在谱空间以波数为半径的不同球面处能量分布的特性。计算结果显示:在谱空间的每一个球面或波数处,动能与拟涡能都有一定的分布范围。在大部分的波数处,能量的分布跨越了几个量级。在同一动能与拟涡能处,波数的分布也有着较大的跨度。在相同的无量纲波数处,动能与拟涡能的概率密度函数(PDF)有着相同的分布形状,且不随湍流的衰减而改变。当运动尺度远离Kolmogorov尺度时,不同波数处拟涡能的PDF 分布形状有着较好的一致性。当运动尺度逐渐接近Kolmogorov 尺度时,PDF 分布的形状逐渐发生变化,PDF 的峰值向低拟涡能处移动且峰值增大,高拟涡能区域的PDF值有所降低。     

Hydrodynamics numerical investigation of hoistable masts for underwater vehicles

Hoistable masts are key systems of underwater vehicles. The hoistable mast enables a underwater vehicle to penetrate the sea surface and exchange information with little risk of being detected. It is very important for researching the hydrodynamic behaviour of flow pass hoistable masts in order to reduce the production of visible, electro-optic, infrared, radar cross section wake and hydroacoustics signatures. Using the unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equation as the governing equation, the large eddy simulation (LES) model is implemented to investigate the shedding of vortices, the flow pattern of turbulence, the unsteady pressure fluctuation and the time history of the lift coefficient and drag coefficient of hoistable masts with various mast shapes and various arrangements in this paper. Combining the FFT, combined time-frequency transform and wavelet power spectrum analysis, the characteristics of unsteady pressure can be obtained in both time and frequency domain. It shows that the main frequency of pressure fluctuation is near the frequency of vortex shedding in time domain using the FFT method. It can be inferred from the combined time-frequency transform that the unsteady pressure fluctuation has obviously the peak value and second peak value in time domain. It could indicate that the fluctuation power varies from the fluctuation frequency through the power spectrum analysis. By the data analysis, it shows that the vortex shedding is the dominant cause of the periodically pressure fluctuation. And the interaction pattern of wake and interplay between wake and the walls of masts under different arrangements are also discussed in this paper.     

Applicability of the aero-optic linking equation to a highly coherent, transitional shear layer

We investigate the validity of applying a simplified (under the assumptions of isotropic and homogeneous turbulence) aero-optic linking equation to a flow field that is known to consist of anisotropic and nonhomogeneous turbulence. The investigation is performed in the near-nozzle region of a heated two-dimensional jet, and the study makes use of a conditional-sampling experiment to acquire a spatiotemporal temperature field database for the heated-jet flow field. After compensating for the bandwidth limitations of constant-current wire temperature measurements, the temperature field database is applied to the computation of optical degradation through both direct and indirect methods, relying on the aero-optic linking equation. The simplified version of the linking equation was found to provide good agreement with direct calculations, provided that the length scale of the density fluctuations was interpreted as being the integral scale, with the limits of integration being the first two zero crossings of the covariance coefficient function.     

Evolution of arbitrary moments of radiant intensity distribution for partially coherent general beams in atmospheric turbulence

The evolution law of arbitrary order moments of the Wigner distribution function, which can be applied to the different spatial power spectra, is obtained for partially coherent general beams propagating in atmospheric turbulence using the extended Huygens–Fresnel principle. A coupling coefficient of radiant intensity distribution (RID) in turbulence is introduced. Analytical expressions of the evolution of the first five-order moments, kurtosis parameter, coupling coefficient of RID for general beams in turbulence are derived, and the formulas are applied to Airy beams. Results show that there exist two types for general beams in turbulence. A larger value of kurtosis parameter for Airy beams also reveals that coupling effect due to turbulence is stronger. Both theoretical analysis and numerical results show that the maximum value of kurtosis parameter for an Airy beam in turbulence is independent of turbulence strength parameter and is only determined by inner scale of turbulence. Relative angular spread, kurtosis and coupling coefficient are less influenced by turbulence for Airy beams with a smaller decay factor and a smaller initial width of the first lobe.     

树脂传递模塑工艺中的非饱和流动过程模拟与实验研究

针对编织类纤维增强体的纤维束之间与纤维束内孔隙的双尺度特点,建立了平纹织物的细观结构模型,并推导了汇函数的数学表达式。建立了局部细观流动特征的非饱和流动控制方程,利用有限元/控制体积方法求解,得到了局部饱和度分布。与实验进行比较,吻合较好。      

Stress and strain partition in elastic and plastic deformation of two phase alloys

A stress and strain partition theory for two phase alloys was developed on the basis of the modified rules of mixtures. The extreme value condition of macroscopic strain energy density was found through Lagrangian multiplier method. Expressions for macroscopic elastic constants of two phase alloys were derived from the extreme value condition by assuming the strain linearity between constituent phases. Governing equation for stress and strain partition in plastic deformation was also obtained from the extreme value condition. The calculated elastic constants of WC-Co alloys fell invariably within the Hashin and Shtrikman's bounds. According to the governing equation the stress ratio between constituent phases was plotted as a function of strain increment ratio. By applying the governing equation to spheroidized carbon steel and duplex stainless steel, it was shown that the stress ratios, strain ratios, macroscopic stress-strain curves, and internal stresses could be evaluated from thein situ stress-strain curves of constituent phases.     

Dynamic response and reliability analysis of non-linear stochastic structures

A new probability density evolution method is proposed for dynamic response analysis and reliability assessment of non-linear stochastic structures. In the method, a completely uncoupled one-dimensional governing partial differential equation is derived first with regard to evolutionary probability density function (PDF) of the stochastic structural responses. This equation holds for any response or index of the structure. The solution will put out the instantaneous PDF. From the standpoint of the probability transition process, the reliability of the structure is evaluated in a straightforward way by imposing an absorbing boundary condition on the governing PDF equation. However, this does not induce additional computational efforts compared with the dynamic response analysis. The computational algorithm to solve the PDF equation is studied. A deterministic dynamic response analysis procedure is embedded to compute coefficient of the evolutionary PDF equation, which is then numerically solved by the finite difference method with total variation diminishing scheme. It is found that the proposed hybrid algorithm may deal with non-linear stochastic response analysis problem with high accuracy. Numerical examples are investigated. Parts of the results are illustrated. Some features of the probabilistic information of the response and the reliability are observed and discussed. The comparisons with the Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.