壳聚糖靶向缓释功能高分子载药微球及其特性研究

采用壳聚糖作为载体,通过分子结构设计,以叶酸靶向受体改性壳聚糖,然后选择5-氟尿嘧啶为模型药物,采用复凝聚法制备新型壳聚糖靶向缓释功能高分子载药微球。通过红外光谱和1 H-NMR核磁共振分析确定了叶酸改性壳聚糖化学结构,并通过扫描电镜、激光粒度分析仪、激光共聚焦显微镜及紫外光谱等现代仪器和分析方法对载药微球的形貌结构、粒径、包埋率、载药量和体外药物释放特性等进行研究。结果表明,模型药物被成功包埋到叶酸改性后的壳聚糖微球中,包埋率E和载药量L最高可达86.5%和32.7%,载药微球的平均粒径为5.251μm,多分散系数(PDI)为0.056,球形度、分散性良好;激光共聚焦显微镜结果显示微球为核壳结构;体外释放实验表明壳聚糖靶向缓释功能高分子载药微球具有持久的缓释作用,24h后载药微球在模拟胃液(pH值=1.2)中释放率为70%,在模拟肠液(pH值=7.4)中释放率为40%,释药速度与释放介质的pH值密切相关。     

原位纳米羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖复合载药微球的制备及释放性能研究

为应对骨缺损修复过程中的细菌感染问题,利用原位法制备了具有药物缓释功能的纳米羟基磷灰石(n-HA)和壳聚糖(CS)复合微球,并与纯CS载药微球和共混法n-HA/CS复合载药微球进行对比研究。利用相差显微镜和扫描电镜对微球进行形貌观察,结果显示原位法复合载药微球表面形态和球形度均较好。对载药微球的载药率、药物包封率和体外药物释放进行了测试和分析,结果表明原位法复合载药微球载药率和药物包封率最高,分别为(0.3907±0.0203)%和(7.4221±0.3858)%,并具有明显的缓释效果。     

果胶@壳聚糖复合凝胶微球的制备及释药性能EI

文中以天然多糖果胶和壳聚糖为原料,采用乳化交联的方法制备了果胶酸锌微球,再通过自组装壳聚糖层并用柠檬酸钠固化,得到了核壳结构的凝胶微球,将药物奥沙拉嗪封装在凝胶微球中,考察了其药物缓释性能。通过红外光谱、扫描电镜、能谱分析和荧光显微镜对微球形貌和核壳结构进行了表征。通过单因素变量法对凝胶微球的制备进行了优化,并对微球的药物负载性能及在模拟结肠环境中的释药行为进行了研究。结果表明,果胶@壳聚糖载药微球的最高载药量和包封率分别为29.4%和37.3%,果胶@壳聚糖复合载药微球在pH=7.4的模拟结肠液中,前12 h内的释放量仅为35.29%,72 h后奥沙拉嗪的释放量达到了89.90%,而纯果胶载药微球前12 h的释放量就已经高达78.65%,体现了壳聚糖包封层在药物缓释中的重要性。锌离子在果胶@壳聚糖复合微球和果胶微球中的释放趋势与奥沙拉嗪一致,相比于果胶微球,果胶@壳聚糖复合微球具备良好的缓释性能,可用于治疗结肠炎症疾病。     

果胶@壳聚糖复合凝胶微球的制备及释药性能EI北大核心CSCD

文中以天然多糖果胶和壳聚糖为原料,采用乳化交联的方法制备了果胶酸锌微球,再通过自组装壳聚糖层并用柠檬酸钠固化,得到了核壳结构的凝胶微球,将药物奥沙拉嗪封装在凝胶微球中,考察了其药物缓释性能。通过红外光谱、扫描电镜、能谱分析和荧光显微镜对微球形貌和核壳结构进行了表征。通过单因素变量法对凝胶微球的制备进行了优化,并对微球的药物负载性能及在模拟结肠环境中的释药行为进行了研究。结果表明,果胶@壳聚糖载药微球的最高载药量和包封率分别为29.4%和37.3%,果胶@壳聚糖复合载药微球在pH=7.4的模拟结肠液中,前12 h内的释放量仅为35.29%,72 h后奥沙拉嗪的释放量达到了89.90%,而纯果胶载药微球前12 h的释放量就已经高达78.65%,体现了壳聚糖包封层在药物缓释中的重要性。锌离子在果胶@壳聚糖复合微球和果胶微球中的释放趋势与奥沙拉嗪一致,相比于果胶微球,果胶@壳聚糖复合微球具备良好的缓释性能,可用于治疗结肠炎症疾病。     

基于凝固浴剪切法制备多孔实心聚(乳酸-羟基乙酸)共聚物载药微球

以聚(乳酸-羟基乙酸)为基质材料,采用一种新颖的流动凝固浴剪切法制备包载盐酸万古霉素的载药微球,并研究微球的形貌结构、粒径、包封率、载药率、体外释放性能及其影响因素。结果表明,所制备的载药微球平均粒径在15~29μm范围,微球呈现内部实心表面多孔的复合结构;微球的包封率及载药可分别在15%~75%和1.5%~9.3%范围内调控。微球制备过程中的工艺条件对微球结构形貌、包封率、载药率及释放性能有重要影响,通过调整微球的粒径,可有效减缓释药过程中的突释现象。     

茶多酚/壳聚糖/海藻酸钠纳米微球的制备

目的探讨各因素对制备茶多酚/壳聚糖/海藻酸钠纳米微球载药率、包埋率的影响,研究纳米微球体外释放行为,为后期缓释抗菌膜的制备提供基础。方法采用单因素实验、正交实验考察海藻酸钠溶液浓度、壳聚糖溶液浓度、CaCl_2溶液浓度、茶多酚溶液浓度对纳米微粒载药率、包封率的影响,并考察其体外释放率。结果当海藻酸钠溶液、壳聚糖溶液、CaCl_2溶液、茶多酚溶液的质量浓度分别为15,10,15,0.8 mg/m L时,该工艺条件下制备的纳米微粒载药率为22.71%,包封率为61.38%,且粒径集中在500 nm左右,有较好的缓释效果。结论所得的最佳工艺制备条件为后期做缓释抗菌膜打下良好基础。     

超临界CO2抗溶剂法制备紫杉醇缓释微球

采用超临界流体强制分散溶液技术,以D,L-聚乳酸和D,L-聚乳酸-聚乙二醇共聚物为载体材料,分别制备了紫杉醇缓释微球.通过扫描电镜、激光粒度仪检测微球外形及粒径分布;紫外吸光度法测量其载药量和包封率,恒温振荡透析法检测药物的体外释放性能;MTT法检测载药微球对Hela细胞的抑制作用.实验表明,两种载体的缓释微球球形度均较好,表面光滑,平均粒径较小,且粒径分布较窄.以聚乳酸和共聚物为载体的缓释微球载药量分别为5.4%±0.3%和5.3%±0.4%,包封率分别为51%±3%和45%±3%;药物释放呈缓释模式,共聚物载药微球药物释放速率较快.MTT法检测结果表明,载药微球对Hela细胞的增殖有明显抑制,共聚物载药微球对细胞增殖抑制更为明显.     

胶原蛋白/壳聚糖/纳米SiO_2复合微球的制备与载药性能研究

采用乳化交联法制备胶原蛋白/壳聚糖/纳米SiO_2复合微球。以司班80和液体石蜡为油相,混合溶液为水相,引入硬脂酸镁(MS)作助乳化剂,以SEM、FT-IR、UV、激光粒度仪为表征手段研究了油水体积比、搅拌速率、交联剂与混合溶液体积比和纳米SiO_2对复合微球的成球性及其载药释药性能的影响。结果表明,MS的助乳化效果较好,在纳米SiO_2和混合溶液质量比为2%(wt,质量分数)时,盐酸小檗碱载药微球的载药率为15.66%,包封率为66.52%,维生素D载药微球的载药率为3.08%,包封率为48.54%。结论:制备了粒度分布集中的药物缓释微球,纳米SiO_2使微球具有更好的缓释性能,且在pH较低时不易分解,减少粘附。     

5-氟尿嘧啶载药微球的制备工艺及性能研究

以PLA为载体材料,以5-Fu为模型药物,制备5-Fu/PLA载药微球,通过正交设计优化微球制备工艺.另外,检测了载药微球的回收率、稳定性、缓释性能等物理性质.用紫外分光光度计测定药物含量,激光粒度仪分析粒径. 结果表明,载药微球的平均粒径为(133.2±32.5)nm,平均包封率为(11.3±5.0)%,缓释时间延长至80～100h,具有良好的缓释功能.     

明胶微球/磷酸镁基骨水泥复合药物缓释体系的构建

采用乳化交联法制备出粒径主要分布在100~300 μm的载药明胶微球, 分析了交联剂含量、药物含量和转速对载药率和包封率的影响及药物含量和转速对微球粒径的影响。对载药明胶微球与磷酸镁基骨水泥进行复合, 探讨微球降解过程中复合体系孔隙率的变化及其在体外药物释放的规律, 以期获得一种具有药物缓释性能的多孔磷酸镁基复合骨水泥。结果表明, 随着葡萄糖浓度增加, 载药率和包封率先上升再下降; 随着药物含量的增加, 载药率保持上升, 包封率先上升后下降; 随着转速增加, 载药率和包封率均下降。综合分析, 在转速为400 r/min、葡萄糖浓度为0.5 g/mL、药物与明胶质量比为1:2的条件下制备的载药明胶微球载药量较高, 且粒径合适。将复合不同比例该载药微球的磷酸镁基骨水泥浸泡在Tris-HCl缓冲溶液中进行体外药物释放研究, 结果表明: 在释放前期(0~10 h)药物释放速率较快, 之后药物释放明显减缓。7 d后, 微球几乎降解完全, 药物释放率达到60%~89%, 达到了一定的药物缓释效果。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...