镧掺杂纳米二氧化钛光催化剂的制备及性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了稀土La离子掺杂的纳米TiO2光催化剂(La-TiO2),通过XRD、PL、UV-Vis对La-TiO2样品进行了表征和分析,并以亚甲基蓝(MB)作为目标降解物,研究了不同热处理温度及不同La掺杂浓度的(La-TiO2)样品对MB的光催化降解效果。结果表明,所制备样品的晶型均为锐钛矿相和金红石相的混晶相,La离子的掺入拓展了TiO2对可见光的吸收范围,有效地抑制了光生电子-空穴对的复合,提高了TiO2的光催化性能。La的掺杂量为n(La)∶n(TiO2)=1∶200,热处理温度为600℃条件下制备的样品对亚甲基蓝的降解率为96.6%,显著高于Degussa P25(58.62%)。     

Pr-TiO_2光催化剂的制备与性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了稀土元素Pr掺杂的纳米TiO2光催化剂(Pr-TiO2)。通过XRD、FT-IR、UV-Vis、TEM等对Pr-TiO2样品进行了表征和分析,并以亚甲基蓝(MB)作为目标降解物,考察了不同热处理温度及不同掺杂量的Pr-TiO2对MB的光催化降解效果。结果表明,Pr掺杂纳米TiO2的晶型为锐钛矿相和金红石相的混晶相,Pr的掺入提高了TiO2光催化活性。当热处理温度为500℃,在pH值为2.5,Pr掺杂量为n(Pr):n(TiO2)=1:300的条件下制备的光催化剂的催化活性显著高于DegussaP25。     

Yb-TiO2光催化剂的制备及性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了稀土Yb掺杂纳米TiO2光催化剂(Yb-TiO2),采用XRD、UV-Vis、FT-IR等方法对其进行表征和分析,并以亚甲基蓝(MB)作为目标降解物,考察了热处理温度以及Yb掺杂量对样品性能的影响。实验结果表明,Yb掺杂样品均为金红石相和锐钛矿相的混晶相,Yb的掺入拓展了TiO2对可见光的吸收范围,有效地抑制了光生电子-空穴对的复合,提高了TiO2的光催化活性。当pH值=2.5、n(Yb)∶n(Ti)=0.005、热处理温度为650℃时,制备的样品其光催化活性明显优于Degussa P25。     

碳化硅材料在核燃料元件中的应用

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了稀土La离子掺杂的纳米TiO2光催化剂（La-TiO2）,通过XRD、PL、U、LVis对La-TiO2样品进行了表征和分析,并以亚甲基蓝（MB）作为目标降解物,研究了不同热处理温度及不同La掺杂浓度的（La-TiO2）样品对MB的光催化降解效果。结果表明,所制备样品的晶型均为锐钛矿相和金红石相的...     

纳米Ni-TiO2光催化剂的制备及其性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了过渡金属Ni掺杂纳米TiO2光催化剂(Ni-TiO2),采用XRD、纳米粒度、UVVis和PL对其进行了表征和分析,并以亚甲基蓝(MB)作为目标降解物,研究了Ni掺杂量以及热处理温度对NiTiO2性能的影响。结果表明:当pH=2.5、n(Ni)∶n(Ti)=1%、热处理温度为500℃时制备的样品在普通日光灯下、5h内对MB的光催化降解率达到92.54%,明显优于Degussa P25在相同条件下的降解率(50.69%)。     

Ag-TiO2光催化剂的制备、性能及机理研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Ag-TiO2光催化剂粉体,研究了不同制备条件对样品性能的影响,并以亚甲基蓝(MB)作为目标降解物,研究了其光催化性能,分析了Ag掺杂提高光催化性能的机理。结果表明,Ag离子的掺杂拓展了TiO2在可见光区的光谱响应范围,降低了光生电子和空穴的复合几率;在普通日光灯下,当Ag的掺杂量为n(Ag)∶n(TiO2)=0.1%,热处理温度为400℃条件下制备的样品催化性能最好,其光催化活性显著高于Degussa P25。     

镍掺杂TiO2光催化剂的制备及光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备镍掺杂纳米TiO2光催化剂。通过XRD、XPS、FT-IR、UV-Vis、PL等对Ni-TiO2样品进行表征和分析,并以亚甲基蓝(MB)作为目标降解物,考察经不同热处理温度及不同掺镍量Ni-TiO2样品对MB的降解效果。结果表明所制备的Ni-TiO2样品的晶型为锐钛矿相与金红石相的混晶相,镍掺杂抑制了晶粒的生长和晶型的转变,样品的吸收阈值波长向可见光红移约55nm,提高了TiO2的光催化活性。在普通日光灯下,经500℃热处理、掺镍量与TiO2摩尔比为1∶100条件下制备的催化剂其光催化活性明显高于Degussa P25。     

铁掺杂TiO2光催化剂的制备及光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备铁掺杂纳米TiO2光催化剂。通过XRD、FT-IR、UV-Vis、PL等对Fe-TiO2样品进行表征和分析,并以亚甲基蓝（MB）作为目标降解物,考察经不同热处理温度及不同掺铁量Fe-TiO2样品对MB的降解效果。结果表明所制备的Fe-TiO2样品的晶型为锐钛矿相与金红石相的混晶相,铁掺杂抑制了晶粒的生长和晶型的转变,样品的吸收阈值波长向可见光红移约68nm,提高了TiO2的光催化活性。在普通日光灯下,经500℃热处理、掺铁量与TiO2摩尔比为1∶200条件下制备的催化剂其光催化活性明显高于Degussa P25。     

Ce掺杂TiO2薄膜电极光电催化降解甲基橙

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了泡沫镍负载TiO2及Ce离子掺杂TiO2薄膜电极,并以其为工作电极,建立了三电极光电催化体系。通过对水溶液中甲基橙的降解实验,考察了催化剂热处理温度、涂敷层数、外加电压、铈掺杂等因素对薄膜催化剂光催化性能的影响,结果表明,泡沫镍是光催化剂的优良载体;经500℃处理所得催化剂主要为锐钛矿相,催化活性最好;外加适当电压,有助于光催化降解;Ce的掺杂有易于TiO2催化活性的改善;外加适当电压有助于甲基橙的光催化降解。研究证明,500℃为铈掺杂TiO2薄膜的最佳热处理温度,外加一定电压、涂敷3层、掺杂n(Ce)/n(Ti)=2%的铈时催化剂的活性最高。     

Sm-TiO_2光催化剂的制备及可见光下降解亚甲基蓝的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了稀土钐掺杂的纳米TiO_2光催化剂(Sm-TiO_2),通过XRD、XPS、UV-Vis-DRS、PL、Nano-sizer纳米粒度分析仪等对Sm-TiO_2样品进行表征和分析,以亚甲基蓝(MB)作为目标降解物,考察了不同掺杂浓度样品对MB的光催化降解效果。结果表明,Sm的替代掺杂引起的晶格畸变促进了金红石相的形成,但晶界及表面的Sm物种抑制了TiO_2从锐钛矿相向金红石相转变,细化了晶粒。适量的Sm掺杂使TiO_2的吸收光谱阈值红移,有效降低了光生电子-空穴对复合率,提高了TiO_2光催化活性。当pH值=2、掺杂量n(Sm)∶n(Ti)=0.006、热处理温度为500℃时,Sm-TiO_2样品在普通日光灯下光催化降解MB的活性最高,其一级表观速率常数较相同条件下纯TiO_2提高了约4倍。     

Preparation and characterisation of TiO2 nanoparticle and titanate nanotube obtained from Ti-salt flocculated sludge with drinking water and seawater

This study aimed to prepare and characterise titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and titanate nanotubes produced from Ti-sat flocculated sludge with drinking water (DW) and seawater (SW). The Ti-salt flocculated sludge from DW and SW was incinerated at 600 degrees C to produce TiO2 nanoparticles. XRD results showed that the anatase TiO2 structure was predominant for TiO2 from DW (TiO2-DW) and TiO2 from SW (TiO2-SW), which were mainly doped with carbon atoms. Titanate nanotubes (tiNT) were obtained when TiO2-DW and TiO2-SW were hydrothermally treated with NaOH solution. Structure phase, shape, crystallisation and photocatalytic activity of tiNT were affected by the incineration temperature and the amount of sodium present in different tiNT. The tiNT doped with thiourea incinerated at 600 degrees C presented anatase phase, showing a high increase of the degree of crystallisation with nanotube-like structures. The photocatalytic activity of these photocatalysts was evaluated using photooxidation of gaseous acetaldehyde. Thiourea doped tiNT-DW and tiNT-SW showed similar photocatalytic activity compared to commercially available TiO2-P25 under UV light and indicated a photocatalytic activity under visible light.     

Synthesis and characterization of Zr4+, La3+ and Ce3+ doped mesoporous TiO2: evaluation of their photocatalytic activity

Sol-gel method was used to synthesize Zr(4+), La(3+) and Ce(3+) doped mesoporous TiO(2) materials with different weight percentage (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 wt%) using triblock copolymer as the structure directing template in ethanol/water medium. Characterization revealed the isomorphic substitution of Zr(4+) ion into the lattice of TiO(2), and surface binding nature of La(3+) and Ce(3+) ions on mesoporous TiO(2). Microscopic examination confirmed the surface adsorption of foreign ion which could alter the particle morphology. The size of the particles was less than 20 nm. Photocatalytic activity of metal ions doped mesoporous TiO(2) was evaluated using aqueous alachlor as a model pollutant. It was found that 1 wt% Ce(3+) doped mesoporous TiO(2) exhibited higher activity than pure and other metal ions doped mesoporous TiO(2). The change of oxidation state of Ce(3+) is suggested to be the cause for enhanced photocatalytic activity.     

Visible light induced electron transfer process over nitrogen doped TiO(2) nanocrystals prepared by oxidation of titanium nitride

Nitrogen doped TiO(2) nanocrystals with anatase and rutile mixed phases were prepared by incomplete oxidation of titanium nitride at different temperatures. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), core level X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (CL XPS), valence band X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (VB XPS), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-vis DRS), and visible light excited photoluminescence (PL). The photocatalytic activity was evaluated for photocatalytic degradation of toluene in gas phase under visible light irradiation. The visible light absorption and photoactivities of these nitrogen doped TiO(2) nanocrystals can be clearly attributed to the change of the additional electronic (N(-)) states above the valence band of TiO(2) modified by N dopant as revealed by the VB XPS and visible light induced PL. A band gap structure model was established to explain the electron transfer process over nitrogen doped TiO(2) nanocrystals under visible light irradiation, which was consistent with the previous theoretical and experimental results. This model can also be applied to understand visible light induced photocatalysis over other nonmetal doped TiO(2).     

Study on photocatalytic performance and degradation kinetics of X-3B with lanthanide-modified titanium dioxide under solar and UV illumination

The present work was focused on photocatalytic oxidation of the model molecule reactive brilliant X-3B by lanthanide-modified TiO(2) samples under artificial solar and UV irradiation. Experimental results showed that the TiO(2) samples doping with lanthanide (Ce and Gd) could greatly enhance the activity of pure TiO(2), and could extend the absorption range to visible region. The optimum doping amount was 0.2 and 0.5at.% for Ce- and Gd-doped TiO(2) particles, respectively. The degradation kinetics of X-3B on Ce-doped TiO(2), Gd-doped TiO(2), and pure TiO(2) were studied as well. The results exhibited that the degradation of X-3B on all the samples were in accordance with the first-order model. The trend of apparent reaction rate constants k(app) was as follows, Gd-doped TiO(2)>Ce-doped TiO(2)>pure TiO(2), under solar illumination. Scatchard plot analysis was used to evaluate the adsorption phenomena of as-prepared samples, and it indicated that lanthanide doping can improve the efficiency of interfacial adsorption of TiO(2) samples. The trend was the same as that of photocatalytic activity.     

铁氮共掺杂TiO2光催化剂的制备及光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法与微波合成法相结合制备铁氮共掺杂的TiO2光催化剂。通过XRD、FT-IR、UV-Vis、PL等对Fe-N-TiO2样品进行表征和分析,并以亚甲基蓝（MB）作为目标降解物,考察经不同温度热处理及不同掺铁量的样品对MB的降解效果。结果表明所制备的样品在700℃热处理5h后为锐钛矿相与金红石相混晶,样品的吸收阈值波长向可见光红移约45nm。铁氮共掺杂抑制了样品从锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变,提高了TiO2的光催化活性。在普通日光灯下,热处理温度为600℃、掺铁量与TiO2摩尔比为1︰200条件下制备的样品,其光催化活性明显高于Degussa P25。     

Photocatalytic activity of Li-Rb-Y doped or codoped TiO2 under sunlight irradiation

Doped TiO₂ particles were synthesized by solid grinding and sol-gel methods. The ensuing powders were analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and ground state diffuse reflectance absorption spectroscopy (GSDR). The doped samples prepared by solid grinding at 400 °C were in the anatase form, while those synthesised via sol-gel method and calcinated at the same temperature were dominated by the rutile phase. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed a surface segregation of the doping elements namely for Y, Rb and Rb-Y. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared catalysts, under sunlight irradiation, was evaluated using 2-naphthol as a pollutant model. Results showed a great enhancement in the photocatalytic efficiency with incorporation of Y in samples prepared by solid grinding, while in samples prepared via sol-gel process both Rb and Y dopants greatly improve the photocatalytic activity. The Langmuir-Hinshelwood model was used to describe the photocatalytic reactions from which a pseudo-first-order kinetics was established. The repeatability of photocatalytic activity was also tested for several degradation cycles.     

掺杂纳米TiO_2粉体的制备及其光电性能研究

利用Zn2+离子掺杂纳米二氧化钛,以提高其光电转化性能,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了Zn2+离子掺杂的纳米二氧化钛粉体,采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、紫外可见光谱和光诱导产生光电流法对掺杂二氧化钛的物相、形貌、光吸收性能和光电性能进行了表征。研究发现,Zn2+掺杂有利于锐钛矿的结晶,掺杂二氧化钛较纯二氧化钛的紫外吸收边红移了约10nm,当Zn2+掺杂量为Ti物质的量的1%时光电转化性能最佳。