烷基磷酸单酯表面改性无水硫酸钙晶须及其对PP力学性能的影响

采用烷基磷酸单酯改性剂对无水硫酸钙晶须进行了有机表面改性的研究,通过接触角(CA)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等多种测试手段对样品进行表征分析。结果表明,烷基磷酸单酯对无水硫酸钙晶须具有较好的表面改性效果,改性产品的接触角可达97°,改性后晶须表面包覆层厚度为20~50nm。由FT-IR和XPS分析结果可知,烷基磷酸单酯中的磷酸基团与晶须表面的Ca化学成键达到表面改性的目的,改性后晶须表面存在—Ca—SO_4和—Ca—O—PO_2K—O—R。最后,通过制备无水硫酸钙/PP复合材料,考察了无水硫酸钙晶须改性前后对PP力学性能的影响。结果表明无水硫酸钙晶须的加入对PP复合材料的力学性能有明显的提高,改性无水硫酸钙晶须与PP有较好的界面相容性,改性无水硫酸钙晶须对PP力学性能的提高优于未改性无水硫酸钙晶须。     

硫酸钙晶须制备过程中的表面改性研究

为了获得疏水性好的高品质硫酸钙晶须,以硬脂酸钠为表面改性剂对硫酸钙晶须在制备过程中的表面改性进行研究,考察硬脂酸钠的加入方式对硫酸钙晶须晶体生长及表面改性效果的影响。结果表明:在晶须生长之前,如果硬脂酸钠的质量分数大于0.02%,将导致硫酸钙晶体呈块状,长径比较小;晶须生长之后加入硬脂酸钠,能得到长径比较大的硫酸钙晶须产品;随着硬脂酸钠用量的增大,硫酸钙晶须的活化指数增大,改性效果更好;水热合成反应前、后加入改性剂硬脂酸钠对硫酸钙晶须产品的改性效果影响不大。     

硫酸钙晶须的表面改性研究现状

论述了偶联剂、表面活性剂和复合改性剂对硫酸钙晶须表面改性方法及改性机理的研究现状。硫酸钙晶须改性主要是利用改性剂与晶须表面存在的羟基、硫酸钙等发生反应,改变晶须在基体中的分散性、相容性和粘合强度等,从而使晶须达到较好的改性和应用效果。     

双马来酰亚胺树脂及硫酸钙晶须改性复合材料的摩擦学性能

对双马来酰亚胺树脂及硫酸钙晶须改性体系的摩擦学性能进行了表征,应用硅烷对硫酸钙晶须进行表面改性,考察了不同偶联剂及不同的晶须添加量对硫酸钙晶须改性双马来酰亚胺树脂的摩擦磨损性能的影响,并利用SEM对材料的磨损机理进行了分析.研究发现,硅烷KH-550对硫酸钙晶须的表面处理效果良好,应用KH-550处理的硫酸钙晶须对双马来酰亚胺树脂的耐磨性能具有明显的改善作用.     

硫酸钙晶须的气浮式表面改性

采用改性剂DZY-6和气浮式改性工艺对硫酸钙晶须进行表面改性,以改性泡沫产品产率、活化指数、接触角、显微图像等评定改性效果,并对气浮式改性工艺进行可行性分析。结果表明:新型改性剂能够在室温下对硫酸钙晶须表面改性,最佳工艺条件下改性产品产率为98.36%、接触角为115.00°、活化指数为99.5%;气浮式改性过程具有自发进行趋势,合适的搅拌速度,晶须能保持较好形貌,长径比较好;改性工艺实现在普通自来水中对硫酸钙晶须的表面改性,过程便于改性产品的及时分离,简化过滤和干燥作业,节约药剂和改性时间,降低成本。     

硫酸钙晶须改性聚氨酯环氧树脂的粘接性能

使用硫酸钙晶须对聚氨酯环氧树脂进行改性,研究改性前后、改性条件、晶须长度及晶须加入量对聚氨酯环氧树脂粘接性能的影响,并分析了晶须对聚氨酯环氧树脂的改性机制。实验结果表明,晶须对聚氨酯环氧树脂的改性机制为裂纹在晶须/基体界面处发生偏转,从而阻碍了裂纹的扩展。当使用长度较短、经有机化处理后的晶须对聚氨酯环氧树脂进行改性时,可使改性后的聚氨酯环氧树脂对LY12铝合金的粘结强度得到较大提高,其室温剥离强度提高27%,100℃及-70℃剪切强度分别提高了39%和10%,晶须对聚氨酯环氧树脂高温性能的改善尤为明显。      

燃煤电厂烟气脱硫石膏制备硫酸钙晶须研究进展

燃煤电厂烟气脱硫石膏产量大,一般作为危险废弃物填埋,将其转化为高附加值的硫酸钙晶须产品对节约资源、保护环境具有重要意义。介绍了硫酸钙晶须的性能和在材料改性、反应催化和环境保护方面的应用;详细讨论了脱硫石膏制备硫酸钙晶须的研究现状和硫酸钙晶须制备的优化手段;最后对脱硫石膏制备硫酸钙晶须的工业化提出了展望。     

卵磷脂改性β型偏磷酸钙晶须研究

利用卵磷脂(PC)良好的生物相容性对β型偏磷酸钙晶须(β-CMP)进行表面改性,可得到具有较高强度的骨折内固定材料.通过测定接触角评价了改性β-CMP晶须的亲/疏水性,结果表明,经5%(wt)卵磷脂改性后晶须的疏水性优于未处理的晶须.研究了卵磷脂改性前后β-CMP晶须的形貌,表明引入表面改性剂可以提高晶须在PLLA中分散性能.材料的抗压强度测试结果显示改性后的β-CMP/PLLA材料强度比未改性材料提高了近33%.     

物流包装用PP/CSW/hBN复合材料力学及摩擦性能

目的研究不同质量分数六方氮化硼对聚丙烯/硫酸钙晶须复合材料力学性能的影响。方法首先对六方氮化硼(hBN)表面进行改性处理,然后利用高速混合机将其与聚丙烯(PP)、改性硫酸钙晶须(CSW)、马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)混合均匀,最后利用熔融共混法,通过双辊塑练机制得PP/CSW/hBN复合材料。结果当添加hBN的质量分数为1%~1.5%时,pp/csw/hbn复合材料的力学性能最佳;hBN质量分数为1.5%时,复合材料的摩擦因数和磨损率最低。结论 hBN经过表面改性处理后,其在复合材料中分散性得到了改善,与聚丙烯基体界面间的结合力也得到提高,表现为对聚丙烯复合材料起到了补强、增韧和耐磨的作用。当hBN的质量分数达到一定量时,其在复合材料内部会出现团聚现象,从而降低复合材料的力学性能和摩擦性能。     

无水硫酸钙晶须的无机–有机表面改性机理研究

以硅酸钠为无机改性剂,硬脂酸为有机改性剂对无水硫酸钙晶须进行双重表面改性。通过接触角测试(WCA)、X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等多种分析手段对样品进行表征分析。实验结果表明:无机–有机改性后晶须表面性质由亲水性转变为疏水性,晶体结构未发生改变。在双重改性过程中,晶须表面首先生成–Ca–SiO_3结构,–Ca–SiO_3结构部分水解后,晶须表面与硬脂酸发生键合反应,生成–Ca–HSiO_3和–Ca–COOR结构包覆层,晶须表面不存在物理吸附作用。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from