碳纳米管的表面改性与羟基磷灰石的包覆

通过TEM、FTIR及XRD等检测手段对原位合成法制备羟基磷灰石/碳纳米管复合材料过程中碳管的表面改性及影响羟基磷灰石包覆的因素进行了系统探讨. 研究表明, 浓酸处理后, 碳纳米管表面产生大量官能团; 阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)的加入提高了碳纳米管与水的相容性; 实验中随着(NH₄)₂HPO₄溶液的加入, 羟基磷灰石原位沉积并形成包覆层. 结果发现: 碳纳米管的表面改性、适当的pH值和陈化温度是得到羟基磷灰石连续包覆层的关键因素.     

纳米SiO2氢氧化铝/十二烷基苯磺酸钠的表面包覆改性

通过氢氧化铝和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)对纳米SiO2进行表面包覆和改性处理,改善纳米SiO2的表面结构和分散性.使用IR、FESEM、EDS、Malvern Zetasize 3000HSA自动电位粒度仪等表征手段,对表面包覆改性后纳米SiO2的表面结构、形貌及等电点等进行了测试和分析.结果表明,经Al(OH)3表面包覆后,纳米SiO2粉体等电点(IPE)的pH值从1.58变为7.1;经SDBS对表面包覆Al(OH)3的纳米SiO2进行改性后,纳米SiO2粉体团聚现象减少,单个纳米SiO2颗粒的粒径约为30nm.     

纳米羟基磷灰石/聚碳酸酯复合生物材料Ⅰ:制备及表征

使用硬脂酸对羟基磷灰石表面进行改性,制备了纳米羟基磷灰石/聚碳酸酯(n-HA/PC)复合生物材料,利用透射电子显微镜(TEM) 、红外光谱(FTIR) 、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等对羟基磷灰石和复合生物材料微观组成结构进行了表征。结果表明: 弱结晶结构的纳米羟基磷灰石经表面改性后,硬脂酸通过离子键吸附在其表面,形成有效的有机包覆层;与聚碳酸酯复合时,通过氢键与聚合物结合,改善了n-HA与PC聚合物的界面相容性;制备的n-HA/PC复合材料与自然骨力学性能相匹配。      

纳米氧化锌表面包覆改性及其表征

采用液相沉积法对纳米氧化锌进行表面包覆SiO2和SiO2/Al2O3改性,并用XRD、TEM、TG-DSC对其表面结构进行了表征,借助Zeta电位测定仪、静态沉降实验等分析手段考察了改性前后纳米氧化锌在水体系中的分散稳定性.结果表明,在ZnO表面形成的包覆物是以非晶态形式存在的,通过表面包覆SiO2和SiO2/Al2O3改性后明显提高了氧化锌的表面羟基含量,有效改变了氧化锌的等电点,显著提高了纳米氧化锌在水中的分散稳定性.     

超声辅助湿法合成纳米HA及MWNT/HA复合材料

以Ca(NO3)2·4H2O、(NH4)2HPO4和NH3·H2O为原料,在超声波辅助下,湿法合成了羟基磷灰石,用FTIR、XRD和TEM对产物进行了分析,结果表明:合成的羟基磷灰石为纳米级纺缍状晶体,不用烧结即具有较高晶化度,且为单一的羟基磷灰石晶相。以此制备条件为基础,采用原位合成的方法制备了多壁碳纳米管/羟基磷灰石复合材料,FTIR、XRD和TEM的分析结果表明:碳纳米管能较好的分散于羟基磷灰石基体中,部分碳纳米管表面可被反应生成的羟基磷灰石所包覆,二者之间有着较好的相容性,可作为一种新型的生物复合材料应用。     

HAp/SiO2复合陶瓷材料的制备及体外生物活性

HAp和SiO2的混合粉末压制成型后,在1200℃下烧结得到含5.0%(质量分数)SiO2的HAp/SiO2生物陶瓷复合材料。烧结体的XRD及FT-IR分析结果表明,SiO2的添加促进了HAp发生热分解。其主要物相为α-TCP、HAp、Ca2P2O7以及生物玻璃(bioglass,BG)等。体外生物活性实验结果显示,样品浸泡在模拟体液(SBF)中24h后,表面出现花瓣状磷灰石沉积物,72h后进而生成板状沉积物,120h后在样品表面覆盖了较厚的类骨磷灰石层,经XRD测试分析表明,该层主要为碳酸羟基磷灰石(HCA)。制备的HAp-5.0%(质量分数)SiO2生物陶瓷复合材料具有比纯HAp更加优越的体外生物活性,可期待作为一种新的骨修复材料。     

8-羟基喹啉铝表面包覆SiO2的研究

以有机电致发光材料-8-羟基喹啉铝(Alq3)为研究对象,在其表面包覆SiO2来改善有机电致发光器件中的材料界面,从而延长器件寿命.利用透射电子显微镜、光致发光光谱、热重分析分别对产物的形貌、发光性能和热稳定性进行了表征,借助扫描电镜和X射线光电子能谱仪对产物的薄膜进行了微观分析,分别以Alq3和包覆了SiO2的Alq...     

硬脂酸对纳米羟基磷灰石表面的改性机理

用硬脂酸对羟基磷灰石进行了表面改性处理,采用XRD、TEM、FTIR以及XPS等方法研究了表面改性的机理及硬脂酸含量对羟基磷灰石活化率的影响。结果表明,羟基磷灰石的晶体结构及微观形貌没有发生变化。硬脂酸通过硬脂酸根离子(CH_3(CH_2)_(16)COO~-)与羟基磷灰石表面的钙离子结合形成离子键而接枝在羟基磷灰石表面。当硬脂酸含量为3%时,羟基磷灰石的活化率超过99%,继续增加硬脂酸含量,活化率基本保持不变。通过硬脂酸的表面改性处理,使羟基磷灰石表面的亲水性成功地转变为疏水性。     

颜料铝粉包覆SiO2的研究

以硅酸钠(Na2SiO3)为原料在颜料铝粉表面包覆SiO2,研究了SiO2/Al质量比(m(SiO2)/m(Al))、温度和pH值对铝粉析氢的影响,研究表明,最佳包覆条件为:m(SiO2)/m(Al)=7.5%,T=75℃,pH=9.5.并运用光学显微镜、SEM、IR和XRD对包覆样品进行了分析与表征.     

纳米SiO2的表面改性及其在聚氨酯弹性体中的应用

用十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS) 对表面包覆Al(OH)3的纳米SiO2进行了改性处理.通过IR、自动电位粒度仪和FESEM等测试手段对表面处理前后纳米SiO2的表面结构、界面电性能和分散状况进行了分析表征.考查了处理前后纳米SiO2与聚氨酯弹性体(PUE)的相容性及其对PUE材料力学性能的影响.结果表明,经SDBS对表面包覆Al(OH)3的纳米SiO2粉体进行改性后,纳米SiO2粉体的团聚现象减少,分散性提高,单个纳米SiO2颗粒的平均粒径约为30nm;经表面处理后的纳米SiO2粉体与有机基体PUE的相容性增强,并对PUE材料的力学性能有了较大的改善,能同时达到增强增韧的效果.     

热处理对二氧化钛表面二氧化硅包膜的影响

通过单流匀速滴定法在二氧化钛颗粒表面均匀包覆一层二氧化硅,系统地研究热处理温度对这层硅包覆层的形貌和相组成的影响;采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和傅立叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)等手段对包硅二氧化钛颗粒进行表征。结果表明:150℃热处理形成连续致密的硅二氧化硅覆层;500℃热处理3 h后形成岛状二氧化硅膜;700℃热处理后形成不连续的硅二氧化硅覆层,并有脱落的倾向;当温度升到1 000℃时,硅二氧化硅覆层会脱落,二氧化钛的粒径增大,大约在1 000℃,二氧化硅包覆层结晶化。     

Microwave-assisted silica coating and photocatalytic activities of ZnO nanoparticles

A new and rapid method for silica coating of ZnO nanoparticles by the simple microwave irradiation technique is reported. Silica-coated ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), CHN elemental analysis and zeta potential measurements. The FT-IR spectra and XPS clearly confirmed the silica coating on ZnO nanoparticles. The results of XPS analysis showed that the elements in the coating at the surface of the ZnO nanoparticles were Zn, O and Si. HR-TEM micrographs revealed a continuous and uniform dense silica coating layer of about 3 nm in thickness on the surface of ZnO nanoparticles. In addition, the silica coating on the ZnO nanoparticles was confirmed by the agreement in the zeta potential of the silica-coated ZnO nanoparticles with that of SiO₂. The results of the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solution showed that silica coating effectively reduced the photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanoparticles. Silica-coated ZnO nanoparticles showed excellent UV shielding ability and visible light transparency.     

Preparation and Characterization of Nucleus/Shell TiO2/HAP Complex Nanophotocatalyst

A rapid and more efficient method was developed to prepare nucleus/shell titania/hydroxyapatite （TiO2/HAP） complex nanophotocatalyst. Hydroxyapatite （5 μm） which had been dissolved with 0.1 mol/L HCI was formed on the surface of the nanosized anatase titania powders by increasing the pH value of the solution at 90℃ in the water bath for only several hours .The microstructure and morphology of the resulting sample were investigated by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, energy dispersive spectrum （EDS） and atomic force microscope （AFM）. The results indicated that nucleus/shell structural TiO2/HAP was formed in our experiments, and the thickness of the coating layer was about 5 nm. Photocatalytic decomposition of methyl orange was utilized to test the photocatalysis of the resulting samples and the result was compared with that of pure anatase titania powders （about 20 nm）. It was shown that the photocatalytic activity of the sample was not decreased due to the coating of HAP.     

Wet powder processing of sol-gel derived mesoporous silica-hydroxyapatite hybrid powders

This paper describes a method by which a porous silica coating layer can be obtained on different apatite particles through a simple sol-gel synthesis route. Sol-gel derived powders of hydroxyapatite (HAP) and beta tricalciumphosphate (beta-TCP) were coated with a mesoporous silica using C16TAB (hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide) as a template in order to induce mesophase formation. Further calcination of the material removes the template from the mesophase and leaves a highly ordered hexagonal arranged mesoporous silica structure with a core of HAP/beta-TCP. The phase purity of the SiO2/apatite composites has been thoroughly investigated by the means of FT-IR, XRD, and solid state 31P MAS NMR. The phase purity of these materials is shown to be dependent on the solubility properties of the used apatites. The hybrid materials are suitable as a multifunctional biomaterial where osteoconductive properties can be combined with drug delivery.     

工业纯钛表面高能喷丸对仿生矿化合成羟基磷灰石涂层的影响

将表面抛光和高能喷丸处理的工业纯钛在5mol/L NaOH溶液中处理后,在模拟体液(SBF)中矿化生成羟基磷灰石(HAP)涂层.用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、电子探针(EPMA)和红外光谱仪(FT-IR)分析了涂层表面形貌和成分,探讨了表面高能喷丸工艺对钛基体及涂层的影响.结果表明,通过仿生矿化法,生成了钙磷比为1.30的碳酸化的HAP涂层;与抛光钛相比,高能喷丸工艺增加了钛基体的表面化学反应活性,从而加快了钛基体上HAP沉积速度;增加了表面粗糙度,提高了涂层与基体的结合力.     

PVA/淀粉单层和多层复合材料的制备和性能研究

利用流延成形的方法制备PVA/淀粉单层和多层复合薄膜,并通过硅溶胶对其进行改性,对其力学性能和亲水性能进行研究,通过扫描电镜（SEM）、傅里叶红外（FT-IR）等对其进行表征。FT-IR结果表明,SiO₂与淀粉或PVA间发生脱水缩合,分子链间产生交联,SiO₂含量越多,交联程度越大。通过薄膜拉伸断口的SEM分析,在多层结构中,SiO₂颗粒能起到更好的增强增韧效果,多层结构比单层结构有着更高的抗拉强度和断裂延伸率。     

Effect of calcining temperature on particle size of hydroxyapatite synthesized by solid-state reaction at room temperature

Using diammonium phosphate, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and sodium bicarbonate as raw materials, hydroxyapatite (HAP) was facilely synthesized by solid-state reaction at room temperature. The crystallinity, phase, morphology and particle size of the products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis (TG–DTA) and particle size analyzer. The influence of calcining temperature on the crystallinity and composition of HAP phase was also investigated.     

羟基磷灰石晶体在有机膜上的受控生长

研究了十六胺有机膜对羟基磷灰石(HAP)的晶体结构、形核、晶体形貌和结晶学定向生长的调控作用及其机理.结果表明:无有机膜时,生成物为磷酸八钙(OCP)和羟基磷灰石(HAP)的混合物,其生长速率很低且晶体排列无一定规则;在十六胺有机膜的调控下,生成物为规则排列、沿(0001)定向生长、结晶良好的片状纳米羟基磷灰石晶体,且其形核和生长速率均很高十六胺有机膜上有大量极性强、电荷密度高的NH 3基团,它们通过静电作用在有机膜/溶液界面处形成局域过饱和浓度,促进羟基磷灰石晶体的形核;另一方面,十六胺有机膜的二维晶格尺寸与HAP(0001)面的晶格参数具有良好的匹配关系,构造了一个有利于HAP以(0001)面形核生长的结构框架,促进了HAP相沿(0001)方向的定向生长.     

Direct coating of bioactive sol-gel derived silica on poly(ε-caprolactone) nanofibrous scaffold using co-electrospinning

This study reports a novel way of directly coating a poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibrous scaffold with bioactive sol-gel derived silica by directly co-electrospinning (Co-ES) a PCL solution and silica sol, used as the core and shell materials, respectively. In particular, the silica sols prepared using a sol-gel process at room temperature were heat-treated at 60 °C for various times, ranging from 0 to 9 h, in order to improve their spinability. The surface of the individual PCL nanofibers could be covered completely with a bioactive silica layer using a silica sol heat-treated at 60 °C for more than 6 h, whilst preserving the nanofibrous structure. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) revealed only the characteristic bands associated with the PCL and sol-gel derived silica materials without any noticeable band shift.     

Structural and photoluminescence properties of Tb-doped CaMoO4 nanoparticles with sequential surface coatings

The crystal structure, surface chemistry and optical properties of Tb-doped CaMoO₄ (CaMoO₄:Tb) nanoparticles and the sequentially coated CaMoO₄:Tb@CaMoO₄ and CaMoO₄:Tb@CaMoO₄@SiO₂ nanostructures have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), UV–vis absorption (UV–Vis), Fourier- transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy and Photoluminescence spectroscopy. The XRD results indicate that the obtained CaMoO₄:Tb is sheelite tetragonal structure and well crystallized at 150 °C. The particle size increases from 21 to 48 nm by sequential coating of CaMoO₄ and silica formation around the surface of core nanoparticles. These nanocrystals were well-dispersed in aqueous and non-aqueous solvents to form clear colloidal solutions. The colloidal solutions of three samples show well characteristic optical absorption band in UV/Visible region. The surface coating on core particles will significantly influence the structural and photoluminescence properties. The as-prepared core nanoparticles showed high photoluminescence as compared to surface coated core–shell nanoparticles because Tb³⁺ ion located at the particle surface. Absorption and luminescence spectroscopic studies have been examined for future application in the development of optical devices as well as optical bioprobes.