硼元素对Fe-6.5%(质量分数)Si合金力学性能影响的试验研究

含Si约6．5％(质量分数)的Fe-Si合金具有优异的软磁性能．但由于其室温脆性差而难以通过常规的冷轧工艺加工成薄板。本文研究了微合金化元素-硼对铸态Fe-6．5%(质量分教)Si合金组织和性能的影响．以及该合金薄板在不同温度下拉伸的力学性能，并观察了拉伸断口形貌，结果表明．硼元素的添加使得该铸态合金晶粒细化．从而提高了该合金的塑性。Fe-6．5％(质量分数)Si合金薄板在不同温度下的拉伸结果表明．室温延伸率达到6．4％．500℃延伸率速最大值(32．96％)．明显高于600℃时的延伸率，原因是600℃处于B2和DO3两相区．在温度600℃下发生了DO3相到B2相的转变．使得B2相有所增加。B2相的增加降低了Fe-6．5%(质量分数)Si合金的塑性。     

合金成分对定向凝固柱晶高温合金热裂倾向性的影响

为研究定向凝固柱晶高温合金薄壁铸件凝固过程的热裂纹形成倾向,采用定向凝固空心薄壁管状试样,考察了Ti,Zr,Hf,Al和B等元素对定向凝固柱晶高温合金热裂倾向性的影响;采用SEM、断口分析及DSC方法,分析了热裂的晶界宏观形态.结果表明:随着Ti含量的增加,γ/γ′共晶增多,尺寸增大,合金凝固温度范围变大,定向合金的热裂倾向性严重;Zr元素含量增加,促成共晶形成,合金出现热裂纹;Hf含量的变化对合金的热裂没有影响;Al,B含量增加,微观组织无明显变化,但合金凝固温度范围变大,导致定向凝固合金出现热裂.     

定向凝固过程的热分析EI

本文用热分析方法测定了DZ3合金试板定向凝固的冷却曲线,并计算出定向凝固过程的G、R和G/R比值,结果得出:在距结晶器高度80～120mm处,G和G/R比值出现凹坑,枝晶粗化,性能降低,但大于120mm后,G、G/R比值和持久寿命有所回升,枝晶变细。     

镍基单晶高温合金定向凝固的数值模拟

概述了目前国内外镍基单晶高温合金定向凝固数值模拟的研究进展,定向凝固过程的数值模拟由宏观向微观转变,详细介绍了微观组织数值模拟的几种主要方法：决定论方法、随机论方法和相场方法,评述了这几种方法的特点以及局限性,指出宏观和微观现象的完整耦合可以对镍基单晶高温合金凝固过程做出更加准确的模拟预测。     

镍基单晶高温合金定向凝固的数值模拟

概述了目前国内外镍基单晶高温合金定向凝固数值模拟的研究进展,定向凝固过程的数值模拟由宏观向微观转变,详细介绍了微观组织数值模拟的几种主要方法:决定论方法、随机论方法和相场方法,评述了这几种方法的特点以及局限性,指出宏观和微观现象的完整耦合可以对镍基单晶高温合金凝固过程做出更加准确的模拟预测。     

定向凝固TiAl合金成分−组织−性能研究进展

TiAl合金由于其低密度和高比强度,在航空材料中展现出良好的应用前景。通过定向凝固控制TiAl合金晶体取向,有助于大幅提升合金高温性能和服役温度,促进TiAl合金在新一代航空发动机上的应用。综述了近年来TiAl合金定向凝固的研究方法和成分?组织?性能关系的研究进展,总结了国内外定向凝固TiAl合金的主要研究单位及研究主题,简要介绍了定向凝固方法与模壳材料的应用情况。从合金成分角度,分析并总结了α、β相稳定元素和其他常见元素对定向凝固组织和性能的作用;从力学性能角度,介绍了定向凝固高Nb?TiAl合金在高温拉伸、蠕变、高周疲劳性能上的优势及相关机理;从定向凝固工艺角度,归纳了生长速率和温度梯度对合金凝固路径、片层取向及宏观、微观偏析的影响。展望了定向凝固TiAl合金的未来发展方向。     

Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al合金热变形的研究

利用Gleeble3500热模拟试验机对Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al合金两种状态在不同变形温度及不同变形速率条件下的热变形行为进行了研究。结果表明，不同初始状态对合金的应力应变行为影响较大，经过固溶处理后在低于相变点变形时合金的流变应力比较高，但在高于相变点变形时流变应力没有明显差异；合金的应力指数与合金的状态和应变速率有关，大概以0．1s^-1为界分为低应变速率和高应变速率两部分；合金的表观激活能与材料的状态、变形温度及变形速率有关。当两种状态下的合金在温度为650～800℃、应变速率为0．001～0．1s^-1范围内变形时，β相内只发生动态回复，而α相除了发生动态回复外还可能发生动态再结晶；合金在相变点以上变形时只存在着单一的动态回复机制。     

合金化对定向凝固Ti-AI-Nb合金微观结构与力学性能的影响

采用定向凝固方法制备了Cr/Mo微合金化高Nb Ti-Al合金,并考察了其微观结构和力学性能.结果表明,两种合金都呈现出层片状微观组织.尽管温度梯度受限,抽拉速度较高,但与Ti-16A1-12Nb相比,Ti-16A1-12Nb-3Cr-1Mo合金中的片层倾向于与抽拉方向呈更小角度生长,在室温和650℃时的拉伸强度和塑性...     

Nd-Fe-B包晶合金定向凝固组织的研究

利用亚快速定向凝固设备制备Nd-Fe-B合金,并研究了其定向凝固组织.设计合金成分为:亚包晶成分(Nd10.8Fe83.8B5.4)、包晶成分(Nd11.76Fe82.36B5.88)和过包晶成分(Nd13.5Fe79.75B6.75).对抽拉速率在5～500μm/s范围内合金的定向凝固及微观组织的研究表明:三种成分Nd-Fe-B合金的最终凝固组织均由α-Fe枝晶相、包晶Nd2Fe14B相和富Nd相组成;随着抽拉速率的提高,α-Fe相的一次枝晶间距呈减小的趋势;三种成分凝固组织中的α-Fe相的体积分数随着抽拉速率的提高都表现出了先减后增的趋势,而Nd2Fe14B相的体积分数都表现出了先增后减的趋势.     

强磁场下Zn-2 wt.%Cu合金定向凝固的初步研究

本文进行了10T强磁场下Zn-2wt.%Cu合金的定向凝固的初步研究.结果发现下拉速度较低时,无磁场时晶体以平界面方式生长,而施加磁场则产生带状组织,并且随着磁场的增加带状组织越来越明显,带状组织间距越来越小;当定向凝固速度较高,晶体以枝晶方式生长时,磁场促进枝晶的分枝,并扰乱枝晶规则生长;随定向凝固速度提高,磁场的作用逐渐减弱.     

Strain-softening behavior of an Fe-6.5 wt%Si alloy during warm deformation and its applications

An Fe-6.5 wt%Si alloy with columnar grains was compressed at a temperature below its recrystallization temperature. The Vickers hardness and structure of the alloy before and after deformation were investigated. The results showed that with an increase in the degree of deformation, Vickers hardness of the alloy initially increased rapidly and then decreased slowly, indicating that the alloy had a strain-softening behavior after a large deformation. Meanwhile, the work-hardening exponent of the alloy decreased significantly. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed that the decrease of the order degree was responsible for the strain-softening behavior of the deformed alloy. Applying its softening behavior, the Fe-6.5 wt%Si alloy with columnar grains was rolled at 400 °C and then at room temperature. An Fe-6.5 wt%Si thin strip with thickness of 0.20 mm was fabricated. The surface of the strip was bright and had no obvious edge cracks.     

6.5%Si高硅钢铸锭凝固组织的CAFE法模拟研究

应用CAFE法对6.5%Si高硅钢铸锭凝固组织进行了模拟研究,确定出了适合高硅钢组织模拟的模型。进一步用该模型研究了过热度及冷却条件对凝固组织的影响,结果表明,随着过热度的降低,凝固组织中柱状晶比例和晶粒平均面积均减小。水冷条件下,高硅钢铸锭凝固组织几乎全是柱状晶,而且晶粒粗大。空冷条件下,等轴晶区扩大,但柱状晶仍占主要部分。缓冷条件下,等轴晶区占主要部分,晶粒平均面积和空冷条件下相当。     

PVD法渗Si制备6.5%Si高硅钢过程组织结构与性能演化研究

基于物理气相沉积(PVD)之直流磁控溅射镀膜技术在低硅钢薄板双面共沉积富Si膜,然后高温真空扩散处理使Si渗入低硅钢基体,提高基体含Si量。以沉积Fe5Si3膜+1 180℃×1h扩散为1回合增Si处理,研究了多回合循环增Si处理过程硅钢基体组织结构与性能的演化机理。采用光学显微镜对样品进行了金相分析,采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了样品的微观组织形貌,并用能谱分析仪(EDS)进行成分分析。用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)表征了样品的结构特征。经过4回合循环增Si处理可将0.35mm厚低硅钢基体含Si量由3%提高到6.5%,且沿厚度方向Si浓度分布均匀。相比于初始态低硅钢基片,PVD法制成6.5%Si高硅钢中高频铁损值降低40%~50%。     

Texture Evolutions in Fe-6.5% Si Produced by Rapid Solidification and Chemical Vapor Deposition

Fe-Si ribbons and thin sheets with 6.5%Si content were prepared by means of the single roller rapid solidification and chemical vapor deposition (CVD), respectively. The initial textures of rapidly solidified Fe-6.5%Si ribbons were characteristic of the {100} fiber-type, which became weakened during primary recrystallization in various atmospheres. At the stage of secondary recrystallization, the {100} texture formed in Ar and the {110} texture in hydrogen, while there occurred a texture transformation from the {100} type to the {110} type in vacuum with the increase of annealing temperature. For Fe-6.5%Si sheets prepared by Si deposition in cold-rolled Fe-3%Si matrix sheets, their textures were dominated by the η-fiber (<001>//RD) with the maximum density at the {120}<001> orientations. After homogenization annealing, the η-fiber could evolve into the {130}<001> type or become more concentrated on the {120}<001> orientations, depending on the cold rolling modes of Fe-3%Si matrix sheets.     

Microstructure evolution of directionally solidified Nb–Si alloy

Abstract

By taking the method of liquid–metal cooled directional solidification, alloys with a nominal composition of Nb–14Si–24Ti–10Cr–2Al–2Hf (at-%) were prepared under different conditions. Alloys were initially directional solidified with different withdrawal rates (R?=?1·2, 6, 18 mm min^?1) at 1750°C and subsequently heat treated at 1450°C for 10 h. These processes aimed to investigate the microstructure of directionally solidified (DS) and heat treated (HT) alloys by XRD, SEM, and EDS. The microstructure of DS alloy was composed of (Nb,Ti)_SS, (Nb,Ti)₅Si₃, and Laves phase Cr₂Nb, and the former two components formed (Nb,Ti)_SS+(Nb,Ti)₅Si₃ eutectics. In addition, (Nb,Ti)₅Si₃ laths only presented in DS1·2 alloy. With the increasing withdrawal rates, the microstructure of alloy altered from hypereutectic into pseudo-eutectic, accompanied with the eutectic morphology transformation from petaloid into coupled. Also, the dimension of constituent phases reduced. However, after heat treatment, the constituent phases did not change. The petaloid morphology of eutectics in DS specimens disappeared and coupled eutectic transferred into network. The block or needle-like Cr₂Nb gathered along the boundary between (Nb,Ti)₅Si₃ and (Nb,Ti)_SS, and the overall alloy composition became homogenisation.     

Numerical study of heat transfer and solidification behavior of gas-atomized Fe-6.5%Si (mass fraction) droplets

During spray atomization process, the heat transfer and solidification of droplets play very important roles for the deposition quality. Due to the difficulties of experimental approach, a numerical model is developed, which integrates liquid undercooling, nucleation recalescence and post-recalescence growth to present the full solidification process of Fe-6.5%Si (mass fraction) droplet. The droplet velocity, temperature, cooling rate as well as solid fraction profiles are simulated for droplets with different sizes to demonstrate the critical role of the size effect during the solidification process of droplets. The relationship between the simulated cooling rate and the experimentally obtained secondary dendrite arm spacing is in excellent agreement with the well-established formula. The pre-constant and exponent values lie in the range of various rapid solidified Fe-based alloys reported, which indicates the validity of the numerical model.     

Processing of Fe-6.5wt.%Si alloy foils by cold rolling

Thin foils of 50 μm in thickness of Fe-6.5wt.%Si alloy were obtained by conventional hot-cold rolling method. The rolling texture and basic mechanical properties of the foils were examined. The foils were heavily work-hardened and exhibited high tensile fracture strength with some extent of plastic elongations. Their bending ductility was more remarkable.     

基于DICTRA软件模拟Si、Al共渗制取Fe-6.5%Si-1%Al合金薄板

Fe-6.5%Si-1%Al(质量分数)合金薄板具有优异的软磁性能和较好的机械加工性能。本文基于DICTRA (Diffusion controlled transformation)软件模拟研究了Fe-3%Si低硅钢基板Si、Al共渗制取Fe-6.5%Si-1%Al合金薄板的可能条件以及Fe-Si-Al三元体系中Si、Al共渗的交互作用机制。设计结构为17.5 μm Fe-34.2%Si-8.93%Al /200 μm Fe-3%Si /17.5 μm Fe-34.2%Si-8.93%Al的扩散偶组合,模拟其在1 373 K温度下扩散不同时间后Si与Al的浓度分布。模拟结果表明,低硅钢基体中Si的扩散速率高于Al,当扩散时间达14 400 s时,Si与Al沿截面均匀分布,且Si与Al的含量均达到设计目标Fe-6.5%Si-1%Al的成分值。模拟过程中适当改变扩散偶组合中Si与Al的浓度值发现,低硅钢基体Si、Al共渗制取高硅(铝)钢过程中会因活度变化发生Si或Al的上坡扩散,但该影响会在均匀化过程中随浓度梯度的消失而消失。在Fe-Si-Al三元体系中,适量Al的存在会促进Si的扩散。     

Effect of crystal orientation on corrosion behavior of directionally solidified Mg-4 wt% Zn alloy

Microstructure and crystallographic orientation of directionally solidified Mg-4 wt% Zn alloy were characterized by X-ray computed tomography (XCT) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) in this study. Results reveal that Mg-4 wt% Zn alloy with dendritic microstructure exhibits typical $\left\{0002\right\}$ basal texture along growth direction. Based on this, the effect of grain orientation on corrosion behavior of directionally solidified Mg-4 wt% Zn alloy in 0.9 wt% NaCl solution was investigated. Result shows that $\left\{0002\right\}$ oriented planes have better corrosion resistance than $\left\{11{\displaystyle \overline{2}}0\right\}$ and $\left\{10{\displaystyle \overline{1}}0\right\}$ ones, which is attributed to a synergistic effect of surface energy, atomic packing density and the stability of oxidation film.