纳米TiO2/醇酸复合涂层的耐腐蚀性能研究

采用盐雾试验和电化学交流阻抗技术,研究了纳米TiO2对钢板涂层耐腐蚀性能的影响,并通过扫描电镜观察了纳米TiO2复合涂层断面形貌.研究表明,纳米TiO2复合涂层的耐腐蚀性能均优于未添加纳米TiO2涂层,当纳米TiO2添加量为1.5%(质量分数)时,涂层耐盐雾时间由420h提高到710h,涂层阻抗值也由107Ω·cm2增加至109Ω·cm2.从涂层断面观察发现,纳米TiO2添加量为1.5%(质量分数)时,颗粒较均匀分散,粘接紧密,形成较为致密的纳米复合涂层.     

纳米Al_2O_3增强杂化环氧复合涂层的制备与性能

采用正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)和甲基三甲氧基硅烷(MTMS)为水解前驱体,γ-缩水甘油醚基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(GPTMS)为偶联剂,利用溶胶-凝胶法合成了有机-无机杂化环氧树脂,研究了纳米Al2O3对复合涂层性能的影响规律。结果表明,复合涂层的力学性能和耐腐蚀性能优于未添加纳米Al2O3的涂层。当添加15%的纳米Al2O3时,涂层硬度由4H提高到6H,耐盐雾时间从360h增加到620h。电化学分析显示,腐蚀电流密度由1.53×10-6 A/cm2下降到5.07×10-8 A/cm2,阻抗值从5.0×105Ψ·cm2增加至6.3×106Ψ·cm2。涂层在3.5%NaCl溶液中浸泡30d后,阻抗均保持在105Ψ·cm2以上。SEM分析表明,纳米Al2O3显著增强了涂层的致密性。     

丙烯酸树脂/TiO2有机-无机杂化材料的力学、热学和光学性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法成功制备了均匀透明的丙烯酸树脂/TiO2有机-无机杂化材料.通过动态力学分析仪(DMA)、电子拉力机(Instron Tester)、热失重分析仪(TGA)和紫外可见光谱(UV-VIS)等手段表征了杂化材料的力学、热学和光学性能.结果发现丙烯酸树脂与TiO2杂化后,聚合物的力学性能、热稳定性和紫外屏蔽性能均有显著提高.与原位聚合法相比,共混法合成该杂化材料可获得更优异的力学性能.增加丙烯酸树脂中的丙烯酸含量能显著降低相分离,从而使其各种性能,特别是力学性能得以提高.     

纳米SiO2/环氧复合钢板涂层材料机械及耐腐蚀性能

研究了纳米SiO₂添加量对环氧复合钢板涂层硬度、 T弯和应变等机械性能的影响, 并通过盐雾试验和电化学交流阻抗技术对涂层的耐腐蚀性能进行了测试。研究表明, 纳米SiO₂添加量为2.0%时, 涂层性能有较大的提高, 铅笔硬度从H提高到2H, T弯从4T改善到2T, 涂层的耐盐雾时间也由720h增加到1030h, 提高了40％以上。从电化学交流阻抗谱图得出, 添加量为2.0%的纳米SiO₂复合涂层的阻抗值最大, 高于未添加纳米SiO₂涂层的阻抗值近2个数量级。另外, 涂层的SEM照片显示, 纳米SiO₂添加量为2.0%时, 颗粒较均匀地分散, 黏接紧密, 形成较为致密的复合涂层。      

TiO2溶胶杂化改性PPESK超滤膜的制备及性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2溶胶,优化了溶胶制备条件。采用相转化法制备了一系列TiO2含量的PPESK/TiO2有机-无机杂化超滤膜,并通过SEM,水接触角和超滤实验考察了TiO2含量对膜结构和性能的影响.结果表明,冰乙酸、去离子水和NMP用量分别为2,2,20mL时,溶胶胶凝时间为42.5h,利于杂化膜的制备.TiO2溶胶的加入,抑制了亚层指状孔的发展,利于海绵状孔的生成.膜的孔隙率、亲水性和抗污染性得到了明显改善.当TiO2质量分数为0.4%时,膜的纯水通量由310L/(m2·h)提高到427L/(m2·h),清洗后,膜通量恢复率为95.2%.但加入过量的TiO2溶胶时,纳米粒子的团聚使得杂化膜的各项性能下降.PPESK/TiO2杂化膜更适于高温凝结水的回用处理,处理效率高.     

水性纳米ZrO_2/环氧聚硅氧烷杂化防腐涂层的制备与性能

采用水性纳米ZrO_2溶胶与γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷(GPTMS)为原料,通过溶胶-凝胶方法,制备了水性有机无机杂化防腐涂层。实验研究了ZrO_2/GPTMS摩尔比对涂层耐盐雾性能及电化学性能的影响。实验结果表明,涂层的耐腐蚀性能随着摩尔比的增加呈现先增强后下降的趋势,其中1∶5涂层的耐腐蚀性能最强,耐盐雾时间达到1 500h,是未涂覆涂层样板耐盐雾时间的20倍左右,电化学交流阻抗为107Ω·cm2,腐蚀电流密度为5.84×10-10 A/cm2。从1∶5涂层的SEM照片发现,涂层中纳米ZrO_2粒子分散均匀,无团聚现象。另外,TG分析表明,涂层的热稳定性能随着摩尔比的增大而增加。     

铝合金表面新型有机-无机杂化纳米SiO2涂层的制备及其性能

为了提高铝合金的耐腐蚀性能、耐磨损性能及硬度,通过溶胶-凝胶反应,以纳米硅溶胶为主要原料,有机硅烷为偶联剂,制备了新型纳米SiO2防腐蚀涂料.通过浸渍-提拉法在铝合金(LY12)基体表面形成涂层,通过改变硅溶胶的含量,详细研究了此涂层的显微硬度、耐磨性能和耐腐蚀性能与硅溶胶含量的关系.结果显示,新型有机-无机杂化纳米SiO2涂层厚度为20μm时具有良好的耐腐蚀性能和耐磨性能,由此而使此杂化膜替代对环境有害的铬酸盐转化膜成为可能,并为有机-无机杂化纳化材料的应用提供了理论依据.     

纳米粒子包覆杂化改性室内涂料

将正钛酸丁酯、醋酸锌和正硅酸乙酯复合醇溶胶作为前驱体配置出稳定的纳米TiO2/ZnO/SiO2复合体系,在紫外光的照射下添加到成膜物质中充分搅拌,制备纳米复合涂料.测定其黏度、甲醛含量、抗茵性能、TVOC含量等,通过透射电子显微镜观察微观形态,分析纳米粒子在涂料中的分散性和杂化机理;结果表明,杂化后的纳米粒子改变了原来的结晶形态和粒径,在涂层中的分散性得到改善,改性后的纳米复合涂料能够降低室内的TVOC含量,甲醛降解率为70%,抗菌圈半径由原来0.75cm提高到2.3cm,比加入单一纳米粒子具有更优越的性能.     

铝合金表面新型有机-无机杂化纳米Si02涂层的制备及其性能

为了提高铝合金的耐腐蚀性能、耐磨损性能及硬度,通过溶胶-凝胶反应,以纳米硅溶胶为主要原料,有机硅烷为偶联剂,制备了新型纳米SiO2防腐蚀涂料。通过浸渍-提拉法在铝合金（LY12）基体表面形成涂层,通过改变硅溶胶的含量,详细研究了此涂层的显微硬度、耐磨性能和耐腐蚀性能与硅溶胶含量的关系。结果显示,新型有机-无机杂化纳米SiO2涂层厚度为20μm时具有良好的耐腐蚀性能和耐磨性能,由此而使此杂化膜替代对环境有害的铬酸盐转化膜成为可能,并为有机-无机杂化纳化材料的应用提供了理论依据。     

Al2O3/TiO2/PVDF杂化超滤膜的制备及其性能研究

为提高聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)超滤膜的亲水性,增强其在水处理中的抗污染能力,用无机纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)、氧化铝(Al2O3)与聚偏氟乙烯共混,采用相转化法制得无机改性有机高分子杂化超滤膜。采用杯式超滤装置考察了无机纳米颗粒的含量对杂化膜水通量的影响;测定了膜的纯水接触角、机械性能、截留效率和膜的孔径及孔径分布;采用扫描电子显微镜对膜表面进行观察。结果表明,纳米颗粒加入量为3%,TiO2与Al2O3的加入比为1∶1时,杂化膜的水通量较有机膜提高了79.5%,但截留率保持不变;杂化膜的机械强度最大增加41.6%;杂化膜的纯水接触角由未改性前的78.68°降至50.54°,亲水性得到明显改善;杂化膜的平均孔径增大,孔径分布更加均匀;纳米颗粒的加入增加了膜表面的孔密度,但没有改变膜断面的微观结构。杂化超滤膜不仅保持了PVDF膜的优良性能,而且增强了其强度、亲水性和抗污染性能。     

Predicting fracture and fatigue crack growth properties using tensile properties

The safe-life assessment of components requires information such as the plane stress (K_c), plane strain (K_Ic), part-through fracture toughness (K_Ie), and the fatigue crack growth rate properties. A proposed parametric/theoretical approach, based on an extended Griffith theory is used to derive fracture toughness properties and generate fatigue crack growth rate data for a range of alloys. The simplicity of the concept is based on the use of basic, and in most cases available, uniaxial stress-strain material properties data to derive material fracture toughness values. However since the methodology is in part based on an empirical relationship a wide ranging validation with actual data is required. This paper uses steel, aluminum and titanium based alloys from a pedigree database to quantify material properties sensitivity to the predictions for K_Ic and K_c and the subsequent estimation of ΔK_th threshold and the Paris constants, C and n values. A sensitivity analysis using experimental scatter bounds show the range of da/dN predictions can be achieved. It is found K_Ic/ΔK_th ratios designated as α has a range of 5-25 irrespective of tensile ductility, ε_f, and is insensitive to it. The value of ΔK_th for all the alloys considered was found to be proportional to the final elongation, ε_f, and an empirical relationship describing ΔK_th as a function of ε_f was established. Furthermore it is suggested that, with the knowledge of appropriate tensile properties and the estimated range of K_Ic/ΔK_th ratios for the different alloys applying this method could be an appropriate tool that can be used to conservatively predict fracture and fatigue in similar alloy categories. Thus helping to reduce costs and optimize the number of experimental tests needed for alloy characterizations.     

Flexural properties and dynamic mechanical properties of glass fibre-epoxy composites

The viscoelastic behaviour of glass fibre (GF)-epoxy composites was studied by flexural tests and dynamic mechanical measurements. In relation, the influence of surface treatment of GF on viscoelastic behaviour was also examined. Using the results of flexural tests under a variety of constant temperature and strain rate, master curves of flexural strength () and flexural strain () were obtained for matrix epoxy and GF composites. The magnitudes of the master curves were different between matrix epoxy and GF composites. The fracture mode was influenced by temperature, strain rate, and G F surface treatment. The magnitude of storage modulus and effectiveness of adhesion at the GF-matrix interface were also influenced by GF surface treatment. Relationship between the results of flexural strain and loss modulus were considered for GF composites.     

Effective thermal properties of viscoelastic composites having field-dependent constituent properties

This study introduces a micromechanical model for predicting effective thermal properties (linear coefficient of thermal expansion and thermal conductivity) of viscoelastic composites having solid spherical particle reinforcements. A representative volume element (RVE) of the composites is modeled by a single particle embedded in the cubic matrix. Periodic boundary conditions are imposed to the RVE. The micromechanical model consists of four particle and matrix subcells. Micromechanical relations are formulated in terms of incremental average field quantities, i.e., stress, strain, heat flux and temperature gradient, in the subcells. Perfect bonds are assumed along the subcell’s interfaces. Stress and temperature-dependent viscoelastic constitutive models are used for the isotropic constituents in the micromechanical model. Thermal properties of the particle and matrix constituents are temperature dependent. The effective coefficient of thermal expansion is derived by satisfying displacement and traction continuity at the interfaces during thermo-viscoelastic deformations. This formulation leads to an effective time–temperature–stress-dependent coefficient of thermal expansion. The effective thermal conductivity is formulated by imposing heat flux and temperature continuity at the subcells’ interfaces. The effective thermal properties obtained from the micromechanical model are compared with analytical solutions and experimental data available in the literature. Finally, parametric studies are also performed to investigate the effects of nonlinear thermal and mechanical properties of each constituent on the overall thermal properties of the composite.     

Synthesis and properties

Poly(D,L lactic acid) was prepared by bulk polymerization of D,L lactide, both under atmospheric pressure and in vacuum. The obtained polymeric products were characterized in terms of molecular weight, Mw, melting point, calorimetric response and swelling behaviour. All products were amorphous. Their molecular weights were determined by viscosimetry and ranged from 2×103 to 9×104. Similarly, the melting points ranged from 90 to 210°C. Swelling experiments, with specimens immersed in buffer solutions, showed that hydrolytic degradation started in a few days for the low Mw material, whereas for the higher molecular weight products it took much longer and probably followed a two-stage mechanism. This study suggests that the high molecular weight material could be an interesting carrier for the preparation of controlled release products, in cases where prolonged delivery is necessary. © 1999 Kluwer Academic Publishers     

Mechanical properties of

The ultimate values for compressive strength, Young's modulus, and toughness of cylindrical specimens of unitary aspect ratios and uniform grain-size distributions were extrapolated for hydroxyapatite (HAP) to 70 MPa, 9.2 GPa, and 0.36 J cm-3, and for tricalcium phosphate (TCP), to 315 MPa, 21 GPa, and 2.34 J cm-3. For total volume porosities of 50%, the corresponding values were determined: for HAP, 9.3 MPa, 1.2 GPa, 0.042 J cm-3, for TCP, 13 MPa, 1.6 GP, 0.077 J cm-3. Porosities of HAP specimens ranged from 3%–50%; TCP from 10%–70%. Two pore-size distributions were employed. Exponential dependencies of the mechanical properties were found upon porosity (p0.0001). No differences in measured mechanical properties, as determined in compression, could be attributed to pore size. The superiority of TCP increases with density and suggests that a larger or more selective pore-size distribution could be effectively employed in TCP biological implants. This work also suggests the dominant role of secondary calcium phosphates in increasing compressive strengths. © 1999 Kluwer Academic Publishers     

Free-volume properties of epoxy composites and its relation to macrostructure properties

Some characteristics of epoxy composites are discussed based on the results of positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS), electrical and mechanical measurements. The effect of different types and wt% of fillers such as aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃), titanium oxide (TiO₂) and silicon carbide (SiC) on the epoxy structure and hence free volume, physical, electrical, and mechanical properties is presented. The results showed that the electrical properties are improved at high wt% of filler, while mechanical properties are improved at low wt% of filler. Furthermore, a similar trend is observed for all fillers but with a systematic shift to high influence when Sic added to cured epoxy. On the other hand, adding SiC as a filler on epoxy improved the resistance to water absorption.The role of PALS as a sensitive probe for changes in microstructure of epoxy composites is confirmed during the correlation between the free-volume parameters and the other measurements.     

Piezoelectric properties,hysteresis behaviour and dielectric properties of PMN-PZT ceramics

Ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties ofxPb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃−(1−x)Pb (Zr_0·55Ti_0·45)O₃ system have been investigated. X-ray diffraction patterns indicate rhombohedral and cubic structures. Maximum dielectric constant and piezoelectric properties are exhibited by 0·5–0·5 PMN-PZT composition.P _r is high in 0·6–0·4 PMN-PZT composition.