可燃和有毒气体检测器在聚丙烯装置中的应用

为保障聚丙烯装置的生产安全和人身安全,检测泄漏的可燃气体和有毒气体的浓度并及时报警以预防火灾与爆炸和人身事故的发生。在聚丙烯装置中设置了以下四种固定式可燃和有毒气体检测器,根据聚丙烯装置需要检测的气体的介质不同,聚丙烯装置中设置了碳氢气体检测器、氢气气体检测器、氧气气体检测器、一氧化碳气体检测器,根据聚丙烯装置需要检测的气体释放源的不同位置在全厂不同位置,进行合理的整合及布置不同数量的可燃和有毒气体检测器,以保证在装置运行期间及时发现并处理危险气体的泄漏问题,保证全厂装置的正常运行。     

影响聚丙烯装置平稳运行的原因分析及对策

在聚丙烯生产中,环管温度、密度等重要参数的波动,直接影响装置的安全平稳运行,针对延安石油化工厂20万t/a聚丙烯装置运行中出现的生产波动现象、粉料干燥效果变差等问题,从工艺角度进行分析论证,增设备用换热器及篮式过滤器等技改技措,为装置的安全平稳长周期高效运行奠定了基础。     

聚丙烯装置产生细粉的影响形成原因及改善措施

阐述了双环管液相本体法合成聚丙烯树脂工艺,环管反应器内的丙烯在催化剂作用下迚行聚合反应生产聚丙烯,随着反应的迚行系统中生成一定量的聚丙烯粉末。分析了聚丙烯粉末对装置安全稳定生产造成的影响和粉末产生的主要原因。提出了相应的改善措施,降低装置粉末的生成量,保证聚丙烯装置安全稳定长周期运行。     

环管聚丙烯生产装置中产生细粉的原因与防治对策

为更好地保障环管聚丙烯生产装置的连续稳定运行,本文介绍了环管聚丙烯生产过程中产生细粉的原因,分析了产生细粉的危害,并针对细粉的产生原因,提出了一系列减少细粉的对策,通过应用这些对策,有助于减少环管聚丙烯生产中产生的细粉,更好的保障环管聚丙烯生产装置的安全稳定运行。     

SPG工艺聚丙烯装置生产瓶颈及工艺优化探析

科学技术的不断发展,为我国聚丙烯生产水平的提升及装置性能优化提供了重要的技术支持,逐渐增加了聚丙烯生产效益。结合当前聚丙烯生产装置的实际应用状况,可知其对SPG工艺有着较强的依赖性,而在相关的装置使用中出现了生产瓶颈问题,影响着装置的稳定运行。为了改变这种不利的发展现状,确保SPG工艺聚丙烯装置生产作业的高效性,应从多个方面对聚丙烯装置工艺的指标设置合理性及工艺技术应用效果进行深入分析,加强对各种生产瓶颈问题的有效处理,为SPG工艺优化提供必要的参考依据。基于此,本文就SPG工艺聚丙烯装置生产瓶颈及工艺优化进行了论述。     

水煤气生产装置危险性分析及评价

分析了水煤气生产装置中存在的容易造成火灾、爆炸及灼伤、机械伤害等事故的危险性因素;运用预先危险性分析及事故树分析方法,对水煤气生产装置进行了危险性评价;提出了应采取的安全对策,以保证水煤气生产装置安全运行。     

聚丙烯轴流泵设计分析

聚丙烯轴流泵作为聚丙烯装置环管反应器的一部分,是环管法聚丙烯生产技术的核心设备.轴流泵作为反应器介质的循环泵,在实际运行过程中可能会发生运行不稳定的情况,从而导致轴功率波动.因此,分析轴流泵的内部流场特性,研究其内部流动规律,使反应介质充分混合,获得均布的物料和温度、避免生成的聚合物发生沉淀,对轴流泵长期安全稳定运行有...     

Novolen聚丙烯装置运行常见故障分析及处理措施

本文介绍了Novolen聚丙烯工艺和宁夏煤业3套聚丙烯装置的基本情况,总结了宁夏煤业3套Novolen聚丙烯工艺生产装置长期运行过程中,日常出现的一些共性的故障和问题,并对各个问题进行详细分析,提出了相应的处理措施。对生产装置长期稳定运行具有重要价值,对同类Novolen聚丙烯装置平稳操作具有一定的借鉴意义。     

聚酯装置火灾和爆炸危险性分析

对聚酯生产装置中存在的火灾和爆炸危险进行了分析,指出了聚酯装置火灾和爆炸的主要隐患,并从本质安全、装置设计、防爆区划分、安全生产管理等多方面提出相应的防范措施,尽可能避免事故的发生,以保证聚酯装置的安全生产。     

九江石化聚丙烯产量首次突破1．2万吨

5月份，九江石化10万吨／年聚丙烯装置安全运行31天，生产聚丙烯产品12163吨，超额完成了当月生产任务，创装置开工以来月产量最高纪录。     

聚丙烯用阻燃剂及阻燃聚丙烯

详细介绍了聚丙烯的燃烧特征和目前采用的阻燃方法以及应用于聚丙烯的阻燃体系、阻燃性能、应用领域,并指出了阻燃聚丙烯的发展方向。随着人们安全意识的提高和法律法规的不断完善,相信阻燃聚丙烯将会有越来越广阔的市场。     

High-efficiency ammonium polyphosphate intumescent encapsulated polypropylene flame retardant

The flame retardant polypropylene containing the micro-envelope core-shell structure flame retardant, which encapsulated ammonium polyphosphate into melamine-formaldehyde resin and sodium silicate through in situ polymerization was prepared with polyamide 6, added as a carbon-forming agent. The composition of ammonium polyphosphate, encapsulated ammonium polyphosphate with melamine-formaldehyde resin and the micro-envelope core-shell structure flame retardant were characterized. The fire safety and thermal stability were investigated and showed an improvement including limiting oxygen index, thermogravimetric analysis, vertical burning tests, and microscale combustion calorimeter. The burned compounds were also studied to confirm the burning mechanism. The results showed the flame retardant performance had been greatly improved, while polyamide 6 had better char-forming effect. Besides, the water solubility of flame retardants and their influence on the mechanical properties of polypropylene were also investigated. The results on the effects of additives demonstrated a high efficiency flame retardant to polypropylene. A core-shell flame retardant that sodium silicate and melamine-formaldehyde resin-coated ammonium polyphosphate had been constructed. The effect of the built flame retardant system on the combustion performance of polypropylene was studied from the mechanism and performance. The LOI of the most flame retardant polypropylene reached 28.6%, and UL-94 reached the V-0 level.     

The dynamic flammability and toxicity of magnesium hydroxide filled intumescent fire retardant polypropylene

The flammability properties of an intumescent fire retardant polypropylene added with magnesium hydroxide was discussed in this study. To evaluate the flammability of the material, limit oxygen index, smoke emission, tensile strength, and our exploitation dynamic flammability evaluation system, tests were assessed in experiments. The results showed that the intumescent flame retardant ammonium polyphosphate-filled polypropylene has superior flammability properties but higher carbon oxide (CO) concentration and smoke density. By adding some magnesium hydroxide additives in intumescent fire retarded polypropylene, the smoke density and CO concentration decrease; and the compound also has superior fire properties. It is concluded that intumescent system and magnesium hydroxide additives are effective on improving combustion properties for polypropylene. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 67:989–995, 1998     

Flame Retardant Polyolefinic Materials

Abstract

Flammability and thermal properties of industrial flame retardant polyolefines used for making parts in color televisors have been studied. The influence of thermal ageing on mechanical properties and fire behaviour of polypropylene material has been shown. Thermogravimetric data have been used to evaluate kinetic parameters for thermo-oxidative decomposition of some flame retardant polypropylene materials.     

An efficient approach to improving fire retardancy and smoke suppression for intumescent flame‐retardant polypropylene composites via incorporating organo‐modified sepiolite

In this work, an efficient approach to improving the fire retardancy and smoke suppression for intumescent flame‐retardant polypropylene (PP) composites is developed via incorporating functionalized sepiolite (organo‐modified sepiolite [ONSep]). The PP composites with different amounts of intumescent flame retardants and ONSep were prepared by melt compounding. The morphology, thermal behavior, fire retardancy, smoke suppression, and mechanical property of flame‐retardant PP composites were studied. The results indicate an appropriate amount of ONSep in the flame‐retardant PP composites can increase thermal degradation temperature and char formation as well as a reduction of the peak heat release rate and total heat release; moreover, the addition of ONSep significantly decreases the CO production, total smoke production, smoke production rate, and smoke temperature. Simultaneously, the impact strength of intumescent flame‐retardant PP composite is also maintained by introducing an appropriate amount of ONSep as compared with that without ONSep.     

Intumescent flame‐retarded building parts manufactured from polyolefines as well as from composites of polyolefines and bismaleinimides

Commercial intumescent flame retardants and intumescent compounds were tested as flame retardants for polypropylene. Their routes of decomposition were followed up by thermal gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry as well as thermal mechanic analysis and described by chemical formula, balances of weight, and heats of formation. These investigations showed that the combination of ammonium polyphosphate, polyols, and melamine exerted intumescence at 400°C and melamine was no blowing agent but reacted to melamine polyphosphate. Further they made clear that bisethylenediamine phosphate exerted intumescence at 350°C and degraded to piperazine phosphate. Intumescent flame‐retarded building parts exemplified the advantage of intumescent flame retardance by the time delay until they still fulfilled their function. F15 classification was achieved for thick walled intumescent polypropylene pipes and thin walled electrical boxes consisting of a flame‐retarded glass reinforced bismaleinimide core and an intumescent polyolefine shell in furnace fire tests. The difference in temperatures inside and outside of the building parts was calculated and compared with measurements in fire tests. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Influence of mineral fillers on the fire retardant properties of wood‐polypropylene composites

The effects of mineral fillers on the fire retardancy of wood‐polypropylene composites have been studied. Wood‐polypropylene composites containing mineral fillers have been compounded in a conical twin‐screw extruder. A composite manufactured without any mineral filler addition has been used as a reference. The flame resistance properties of the composite materials have been studied using the cone calorimeter. The results show that the introduction of mineral fillers into the wood‐polypropylene composites has a favourable effect on the fire resistance properties of the composite materials. The reaction‐to‐fire properties have been improved according to the fire classification of construction products based on the Euroclass system. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

壳聚糖/聚磷酸铵膨胀阻燃PP的阻燃及抑烟性能

为了提高聚丙烯(PP)的阻燃和抑烟性能,将壳聚糖(CS)作为膨胀型阻燃剂的碳源、聚磷酸铵(APP)作为膨胀型阻燃剂的酸源和气源,在此基础上通过熔融共混的方法制备了PP/CS/APP复合材料。采用极限氧指数仪、锥形量热仪等仪器研究了PP/CS/APP复合材料的的抑烟性及阻燃性。研究结果表明:CS/APP添加量为30%时,复合材料的极限氧指数值最大可达28.1%;且复合材料在烟气释放总量、CO和CO_2排放上明显降低,抑烟性得到了提升;热释放速率峰值、平均热释放速率值、平均有效燃烧热值、总热释放量值降低,成炭率升高,PP/CS/APP复合材料更难点燃;火灾性能指数明显提高,阻燃性能得到了大幅度提升,火灾蔓延指数显著减小,同时火灾危险性也相应降低。     

Application of cone calorimeter for the assessment of class of flame retardants for polypropylene

The study presented addresses the fire behaviour of polypropylene compounded with six classes of flame retardants. The application of cone calorimetry for the assessment of the thermal characteristics of the tested materials and their comparison with thermogravimetry are the central point of this research. This study only presents data for 25 kW/m² of incident heat flux exposure and includes five tests for polypropylene with no additives and five tests for polypropylene with flame retardants based on triglycidylisocyanurate and lignin. The data collected include the rate of heat release, mass loss rate, char yield, time to ignition and time of total combustion. Results represent meaningful comparison between the behaviour of the materials under simulated fire conditions, using the cone calorimeter, and in the slow dynamic environment utilized in thermogravimetric analysis. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

防潮型膨胀阻燃剂的合成

采用正交试验确定了最佳防潮阻燃剂的配方,并利用傅里叶变换红外光谱分析了结构产物,成功地制备出具有较好阻燃效果和力学性能的防潮型膨胀阻燃聚丙烯。