均匀水解低温晶化法氮掺杂TiO_2可见光催化剂的制备与表征

以硫尿为氮源,采用均匀水解低温晶化法制备了具有可见光活性氮掺杂的纳米TiO2。采用XRD、SEM、BET和UV-vis漫反射光谱等技术对其进行了表征。结果表明,所制备氮掺杂TiO2均为锐钛矿相,并且在可见光区域有明显的光吸收。以甲基橙溶液为模拟废水,研究氮掺杂TiO2在可见光下的光催化活性。实验表明,所制备的氮掺杂TiO2样品在可见光下具有高的光催化活性,可见光催化活性明显高于商业P25 TiO2光催化剂。     

微波化学合成法制备氮掺杂TiO2光催化剂的研究

利用微波化学合成法制备了具有高活性的可见光响应氮掺杂纳米TiO2光催化剂.采用XRD、XPS、UV-vis等手段对样品的性能进行了表征分析,并以甲基橙为目标降解物,考察了催化剂在普通日光灯照射下的光催化活性.结果表明,所制备的N-TiO2粉体在400℃、450℃、500℃、550℃热处理4h后仍为锐钛矿相;光催化剂中的N以共价键的形式存在于TiO2晶格中;样品的吸收阈值波长可红移至500nm左右;当煅烧温度为400℃时,样品表现出较好的光催化活性.     

高活性TiO2纳米晶的酸催化Sol-Gel法制备与表征

采用酸催化的溶胶-凝胶法制备出了纳米TiO2光催化剂，以甲基橙的光催化降解为探针反应，评价了其光催化活性．运用XRD、TEM、FT—IR以及PL光谱技术对纳米TiO2的微晶尺寸、晶体结构、表面组成和性能进行表征．结果表明，400℃焙烧的TiO2纳米粒子的颗粒形貌为近球形，晶粒尺寸为11．69 nm，样品分散性良好的锐钛矿型结构．在光催化降解甲基橙的实验中，400℃焙烧的TiO2纳米粒子表现出最高的光催化活性，这与表征结果一致．此外，550℃和650℃焙烧的具有锐钛矿型和金红石型混晶结构的TiO2纳米粒子，无混晶协同促进效应．     

Gd掺杂TiO2纳米晶的酸催化Sol—gel法制备与表征

采用酸催化的溶胶-凝胶法制备了未掺杂和掺杂1.0%(摩尔分数)Gd的纳米TiO2光催化剂,以甲基橙的光催化降解为探针反应,评价了其光催化活性.运用XRD,TEM,FT-IR,UV-Vis DRS以及PL光谱表征技术考察了Gd掺杂对纳米TiO2的微晶尺寸、晶体结构、表面组成与光学性能的影响,并对改性机制作了探讨.结果表明,Gd掺杂可以抑制TiO2由锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变,阻碍TiO2晶粒增长,使TiO2的光吸收带边发生蓝移,增加表面羟基含量,促进光生载流子分离,从而使Gd掺杂TiO2样品光催化降解甲基橙的能力显著增强.     

微波化学法合成可见光响应氮掺杂纳米TiO_2光催化剂

以水为溶剂,尿素为氮源,用微波化学法合成了具有高活性的可见光响应氮掺杂纳米TiO2光催化剂.采用XRD、FT-IR、TEM、UV-vis等手段对样品的性能进行了表征分析,并以甲基橙为目标降解物,考察了催化剂在普通目光灯照射下的光催化活性.结果表明,所制备的N-TiO2粉体在400、450、500、550℃热处理4h后仍为锐钛矿相;光催化剂中的N以共价键的形式存在于TiO2晶格之中;样品的吸收阈值波长可红移至500nm左右;当煅烧温度为400℃时,样品表现出最佳的光催化活性.     

不同气氛下TiO2纳米晶的光催化性能研究

以甲基橙的光催化降解为探针反应,从表观降解率和TOC去除率两个指标评价了纳米TiO2样品在不同焙烧温度和反应气氛下的光催化活性.结果表明,400℃焙烧的锐钛矿型TiO2纳米粒子的晶粒尺寸为11.69nm,在光催化降解甲基橙的实验中表现出最佳的光催化活性.光催化反应进行20min后对甲基橙的表现降解率达98.99%,反应进行30min后对甲基橙水溶液TOC的去除率为79.36%,TOC的去除效果滞后于色度的去除.不通空气时,样品对甲基橙的降解率最差,降解速率明显滞后于通空气和O2的情况,且通O2的降解效果更好.     

氮掺杂二氧化钛纳米粉体的制备及光催化性能的研究

以钛酸正四丁酯为钛源、盐酸胍为氮源,用溶胶-凝胶法制备出了氮掺杂的TiO2纳米粉体,采用XRD、TEM、BET和UV-Vis对所制备的粉体进行了物相、形貌和结构表征,并分别在紫外光和可见光下进行了样品对甲基橙的光催化降解实验。结果表明,用该方法制备的N掺杂二氧化钛纳米粉体具有较单一的晶粒尺寸分布,分散性好,团聚少;掺杂样品在紫外光下对甲基橙的降解率比不掺杂样品有大幅度提高,并且在可见光下也具有较高的活性。     

湿法碳氮硫共掺杂TiO2的制备及其光催化活性

以全硫碳酸铵为掺杂剂,采用湿法由硫酸钛出发制得碳氮硫共掺杂TiO2,通过XRD和XPS对掺杂TiO2进行了表征,并对掺杂TiO2的光催化活性进行了考察。结果表明,微波辅助加热制备的掺杂TiO2中,C元素部分替位取代了TiO2晶格中的Ti 4+;N元素以两种掺杂形式存在,即进入TiO2晶格替位取代O2-产生掺杂和通过化学吸附进入晶格间隙产生掺杂;S元素主要提供S 2p形成S6+取代Ti 4+进入晶格进行掺杂;以甲基橙溶液为对象进行光催化降解,当掺杂量α为1.6、500℃焙烧2h时,掺杂TiO2表现出较高的可见光催化活性,光照70min使浓度为20mg/L的甲基橙溶液的降解率达到99.64%,明显提高了纳米TiO2的光催化活性。     

氮掺杂硅铝固载TiO2多孔材料的制备及其光催化性能分析

以硅、铝和钛的无机盐为初始反应物,采用水热法制得了具有光催化活性的氮掺杂硅铝固载TiO2多孔材料(N/TiO2-SiAl).采用XRD、FESEM、FTIR、UV-Vis等现代分析技术分析表征了所得样品的物相结构及形貌;以甲基橙为探针在模拟太阳光下考察样品的光催化性能.结果表明:N/TiO2-SiAl为蜂窝状多孔材料,具有较大的比表面积;锐钛矿相TiO2以Si-O-Ti键的形式结合在无定形硅铝骨架中,并且硅铝骨架能够抑制锐钛矿相TiO2向金红石相转变;氮掺杂能够使TiO2的光响应范围向可见光区移动,在模拟太阳光照射120 min后N/TiO2-SiAl对甲基橙的降解率达到90％以上,具有较高的光催化性能,重复使用4次后降解率依然在80％以上,具有较强的光催化循环使用性能.     

具有可见光活性的纳米掺氮TiO2制备和表征

用硫酸钛与氨水反应得到TiO2前体,煅烧后制得掺氮TiO2粉体,研究不同反应条件和不同温度下掺氮TiO2的吸光特性和形态结构,结果表明掺氮TiO2在400℃：下加热1h,所得粉体是锐钛矿相结构,粒径约15nm,与未掺杂TiO2相比,吸收边红移22nm,对400-510nm的可见光有一定的吸收率,可见光下对甲基橙的降解表明具有可见光活性。     

凝固科学技术与材料

从凝固科学与实践发展的角度介绍了当前凝固材料体系的基本框架和凝固科学主要发展阶段的基本理论。作为材料科学与工程的基本组成，凝固科学技术正在现代科学理论的基础上针对传统材料的改性提高和新材料的发展需求，以控形、控构、控性为目标开展优质铸件的定向、晶体生长、快凝、深过冷及各种新型和超常领域凝固过程的研究，并介绍了其中某些方面和展望了可能的发展趋势。     

Development and challenges of planning and scheduling for petroleum and petrochemical production

Production planning and scheduling are becoming the core of production management, which support the decision of a petrochemical company. The optimization of production planning and scheduling is attempted by every refinery because it gains additional profit and stabilizes the daily production. The optimization problem considered in industry and academic research is of different levels of realism and complexity, thus increasing the gap. Operation research with mathematical programming is a conventional approach used to address the planning and scheduling problem. Additionally, modeling the processes, objectives, and constraints and developing the optimization algorithms are significant for industry and research. This paper introduces the perspective of production planning and scheduling from the development viewpoint.     

江澳两地高校文创设计的协同研究与商业实践

目的 探索江门世遗文化的传承、发展和转化的新思路,践行国家在《粤港澳大湾区发展规划》纲要中要求江门承担与港澳地区文化创意合作与开发任务的分工。方法 与澳门高校紧密合作,开展专业培训课程,以开平碉楼为例,从人文视角开展设计研究,梳理开平碉楼的文化脉络,把世遗文化的元素和其背后的文化融入文创产品中,提升文创产品的附加值,推动当地文创产业结构的变革。结果 两地高校构建了稳定的科研团队,开设长期有效的设计培训课程,与景区建立了研究协作关系,帮助景区构建了一套产销研的商业模式。结论 以跨区域高校合作为平台,以文创产品为抓手,依托江澳两地的资源优势,可以构建江门世遗文化全新的品牌形象,最终推动开平世遗文化的活化。     

Error and uncertainty in modeling and simulation

This article develops a general framework for identifying error and uncertainty in computational simulations that deal with the numerical solution of a set of partial differential equations (PDEs). A comprehensive, new view of the general phases of modeling and simulation is proposed, consisting of the following phases: conceptual modeling of the physical system, mathematical modeling of the conceptual model, discretization and algorithm selection for the mathematical model, computer programming of the discrete model, numerical solution of the computer program model, and representation of the numerical solution. Our view incorporates the modeling and simulation phases that are recognized in the systems engineering and operations research communities, but it adds phases that are specific to the numerical solution of PDEs. In each of these phases, general sources of uncertainty, both aleatory and epistemic, and error are identified. Our general framework is applicable to any numerical discretization procedure for solving ODEs or PDEs. To demonstrate this framework, we describe a system-level example: the flight of an unguided, rocket-boosted, aircraft-launched missile. This example is discussed in detail at each of the six phases of modeling and simulation. Two alternative models of the flight dynamics are considered, along with aleatory uncertainty of the initial mass of the missile and epistemic uncertainty in the thrust of the rocket motor. We also investigate the interaction of modeling uncertainties and numerical integration error in the solution of the ordinary differential equations for the flight dynamics.     

Density and viscosity of tetralin and trans-decalin

New measurements are reported for the density and viscosity of tetralin and trans-decalin. The density was determined from room temperature to 60°C for tetralin and to 95°C for trans-decalin. The kinematic viscosity was measured up to temperatures slightly above 100°C. Our results improve upon the values recommended by the American Petroleum Institute for these liquids.     

Creation and motion of dislocations and fracture in metal and silicon crystals

By making a step on one surface ( ) of a rectangular small paralellepiped copper crystal, dislocations could be created by the molecular dynamic method. The dislocation created was not a complete edge dislocation but a pair of Heidenreich-Shockley partial dislocations. Each time a dislocation was created, the stress on the surface was released. Small copper crystals having a notch were pulled (until fracture), compressed and buckled by use of the molecular dynamic method. An embedded atom potential was used to represent the interaction between atoms. Dislocations were created near the tip of the notch. A very sharp yield stress was observed. The results of high speed deformations of pure silicon small crystals using the molecular dynamics are presented. The results suggest that plastic deformation may be possible for the silicon with a high speed deformation even at room temperature. Another small size single crystal, the same size and the same surfaces, was compressed using molecular dynamic method. The surfaces are {110}, {112} and {111}. The compressed direction was [111]. It was found that silicon crystals are possible to be compressed with a high speed deformation. This may suggest that silicon may be plastically deformed with high speed deformation.     

SMC／BMC的回收与再利用

SMC／BMC废弃物对工业及环境造成了很大影响，指出了SMC／BMC回收再利用的紧迫性。通过对目前国际上SMC／BMC回收再利用的3种典型途径优缺点的对比，参照国外SMC／BMC回收再利用的先进方法，对我国SMC／BMC回收再利用提供了可行的建议．     

The Candela and Photometric and Radiometric Measurements

The national measurement system for photometric and radiometric quantities is presently based upon techniques that make these quantities traceable to a high-accuracy cryogenic radiometer. The redefinition of the candela in 1979 provided the opportunity for national measurement laboratories to base their photometric measurements on optical detector technology rather than on the emission from high-temperature blackbody optical sources. The ensuing technical developments of the past 20 years, including the significant improvements in cryogenic radiometer performance, have provided the opportunity to place the fundamental maintenance of photometric quantities upon absolute detector based technology as was allowed by the 1979 redefinition. Additionally, the development of improved photodetectors has had a significant impact on the methodology in most of the radiometric measurement areas. This paper will review the status of the NIST implementation of the technical changes mandated by the 1979 redefinition of the candela and its effect upon the maintenance and dissemination of optical radiation measurements.