各类高熵合金的研究进展

随着科学与技术的不断发展,传统合金已无法满足现代工业发展的要求,迫切需要一种具有优异性能的新型合金材料来满足工业发展的需求。高熵合金是在传统合金的基础之上提出的,其具有比传统合金更优异的性能,所以对高熵合金的研究具有重要的价值。高熵合金是由5种及5种以上主元构成,且每种主元的原子分数5%并35%。阐述了块体高熵合金、薄膜状高熵合金、丝状高熵合金以及粉末状高熵合金的研究现状以及取得的进展。     

高熵合金氮化物薄膜的研究进展

基于多元高熵合金思想制备的高熵合金氮化物薄膜由于多种元素相互混合,易于产生高熵效应、晶格畸变效应和缓慢扩散效应,使得该新型薄膜体系形成简单的非晶结构和纳米晶结构。依赖于成分和制备工艺,多元高熵合金氮化物薄膜表现出简单的固溶体结构和优异的性能,因而在许多领域极具应用潜力。综述了高熵合金氮化物薄膜的发展概况、组织特点、性能特征、制备方法和应用前景,并对高熵合金氮化物薄膜的发展方向进行了展望。     

几种AlCrNbTiVSi高熵合金的微观组织研究

利用真空非自耗电弧炉熔炼了AlCrNbTiV等物质的量高熵合金铸锭、AlCrNb2Ti2V0.5非等物质的量高熵合金和AlCrNb5TiVSi六元合金。分别对这3种合金进行了OM、XRD、SEM和EDS分析;研究了合金中的物相组成、微观组织和成分分布规律。实验结果表明,AlCrNbTiV高熵合金和AlCrNb2Ti2V0.5高熵合金都只形成了BCC结构高熵固溶相,且未产生金属间化合物相。而AlCrNb5TiVSi合金尽管配位熵很高,但由于Si的电负性,生成了离散分布的Nb5Si3金属间化合物。对AlCrNbTiV高熵合金和AlCrNb2Ti2V0.5高熵合金在单个晶粒中的成分分布进行分析,发现在高熵效应作用下,合金各元素含量波动较小,平均偏差均小于2%(原子分数),但两种合金元素含量存在微弱的变化趋势,如Nb在晶粒中心的含量比晶粒边缘略高,而另一些元素如Cr则恰好相反,表明在凝固和形核过程中仍然不可忽略元素熔点和原子半径效应。     

高熵合金强韧化机制研究进展

高熵合金由于其独特的多主元元素组成,具有很多超越传统合金的性能,包括良好的低温强韧性和高温强度、 结构稳定性等,是未来合金研发的重要方向.总结了近10年来在高熵合金强韧化机制方面的研究进展,列举了如位错强化、 变形诱导孪晶(twin induced plasticity,TWIP)强化、 变形诱导相变(transfor...     

Al0.26CoCrFeNiMn高熵合金再结晶组织演变超声表征

采用真空感应熔炼浇铸工艺制备Al_(0.26)CoCrFeNiMn高熵合金,对其进行均匀化退火、轧制与再结晶退火处理,基于超声法研究该合金在热机处理过程中的组织演变特性。结果表明:均匀化退火后获得粗大等轴晶,再结晶退火温度为800℃时保留轧制变形晶粒,900℃时完成再结晶形成细小等轴晶,1000℃时晶粒粗化长大;相同再结晶退火温度下,晶粒尺寸随轧制比增加而减小。超声表征方面,标称频率5MHz探头测试的衰减系数随晶粒尺寸增加而增大,衰减系数与平均晶粒尺寸符合三次方关系,二者具有强相关性;为进一步验证该方法的可行性,采用标称频率7.5MHz探头进行测试,得到类似规律。而衰减系数可揭示高熵合金热机处理过程中的组织演变,尤其是晶粒尺寸与热机处理工艺之间的内在联系。     

电火花沉积高熵合金涂层的研究现状与展望

基于高熵效应的多主元合金克服了传统高熵合金(HEA)的弊端,形成了综合性能优异的简单固溶体.最初,高熵合金的设计理念主要通过块状高熵合金来实现,随着人们对高熵合金的深入研究,高性能高熵合金涂层的概念被提出来.但是,现有的磁控溅射、热喷涂和激光熔覆技术制备高熵合金涂层存在厚度低、孔隙率高、对异形关键部件涂层可达性差等问题,严重阻碍了高熵合金涂层在航空航天领域的应用.电火花沉积技术不但具有绿色、节能、省材等优势,而且针对细长管内壁和弯曲弧面等结构特征的关键件,电火花沉积高熵合金涂层的厚度均匀、可达性良好.除了对涂层制备工艺的探索外,众多学者还通过高熵合金涂层设计的五大效应之一"鸡尾酒效应"改变组元进行调配以及添加WC等硬质颗粒和稀土元素来达到涂层所需的组织和性能.最后,研究者往往会在涂层制备之前采用正交试验等手段优化高熵合金涂层制备的工艺参数,提高涂层所需要的性能.本文详细介绍了高熵合金设计原理及不同技术制备高熵合金涂层的研究进展,总结了不同高熵合金涂层体系结构与性能之间的关系,并指出利用电火花沉积高熵合金涂层作为表面改性手段的发展前景.     

耐磨高熵合金制备工艺研究进展

耐磨高熵合金具有主元多、强度高、硬度大、磨损率低和耐高温等特征,应用前景广阔,是近几十年发展起来的一种新型耐磨材料。围绕耐磨高熵合金的主要制备工艺与耐磨性能的影响因素两方面,对近年来耐磨高熵合金的主要研究进展进行了综述。重点阐述了固、液、气态成型的耐磨高熵合金制备技术,总结了影响高熵合金耐磨性的因素,包括金属元素与非金属元素在内的多种元素对高熵合金耐磨性能的影响,说明了高熵合金及其碳氮化物涂层耐磨性能的研究进展。耐磨高熵合金的制备工艺较多,应根据合金形态成分的不同选择合适的制备方法;通过添加金属或非金属元素诱导硬质相析出仍是提高合金耐磨性能的主要手段;有些高熵合金或高熵合金涂层在高温、润滑等条件下也能够表现出优异的耐磨性能。     

高熵合金基复合材料研究进展

高熵合金基复合材料以其结构简单、性能优异以及较大的应用潜力在材料表面工程方面日益受到人们的关注。综述了块状高熵合金基复合材料及高熵合金基复合材料涂层的研究现状,并着重介绍了上述复合材料的制备工艺及性能特点。     

高熵合金抗氧化性能研究现状及展望

高熵合金作为一种新型的合金体系表现出良好的力学性能及其他功能特性,在近十几年的发展中出现了一系列力学性能优异的合金体系。3d过渡元素高熵合金即使在低温(77K)下也具有良好的断裂韧性,难熔高熵合金在高温下具有远高于高温合金的强度,轻质高熵合金具有极高的比强度。另外,相比于传统合金,高熵合金还具有更多的成分、结构设计空间。而在实际的工业应用中,不仅需要讨论材料的力学性能,也需要注意材料的耐环境性能,尤其是抗氧化性。近年来,研究者们也意识到高温条件下快速氧化限制了高熵合金的高温应用性。合金元素的添加及其含量是影响高熵合金抗氧化性及应用的关键因素。通过添加适量的抗氧化组元来提高传统合金及高熵合金的抗氧化性是目前研究的主要方法。目前已经出现了一些兼具优良高温力学性能和抗氧化性的合金体系,如AlCrMoTi-M体系,其中AlCrMoNbTi在1000℃时不仅具备良好的力学性能,还具有优异的抗氧化性能。研究证实在合金中添加Al和Cr元素能够有效地提升高熵合金的抗氧化性能,另外通过形成一些复合氧化物也能为合金提供较好的保护。然而,研究者也发现一些元素的组合将会降低材料抗氧化性能,如含Al合金中添加Ti,含Cr合金中添加Nb都会使本应形成的保护膜失效。本文介绍了高熵合金基本的氧化行为,总结了目前相关报道的高熵合金中Al、Cr、Si等关键合金元素和其他常用元素对高熵合金抗氧化性能的影响。通过对目前的数据分析,为平衡高熵合金力学性能与抗氧化性能、腐蚀性能等综合性能的设计提供参考,为高熵合金的工业应用提供思路。     

高熵合金新材料的研究进展

高熵合金是最近发展起来的新型多主元合金,一般由五种以上主要元素构成,每种元素的摩尔含量在5%～35%之间.因此,高熵合金的组织和性能特点在许多方面有别于传统合金.本文阐述了高熵合金的定义、特性以及相关热力学原理,介绍了最近几年来国内外在高熵合金领域取得的实质性进展.     

Composition and phase structure dependence of mechanical and magnetic properties for AlCoCuFeNix high entropy alloys

In this study, the effects of composition and phase constitution on the mechanical properties and magnetic performance of AlCoCuFeNi_x (x = 0.5, 0.8, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 in molar ratio) high entropy alloys (HEAs) were investigated. The results show that Ni element could lead to the evolution from face centered cubic (FCC), body centered cubic (BCC) and ordered BCC coexisting phase structure to a single FCC phase. The change of phase constitution enhances the plasticity but reduces the hardness and strength. One of the interesting points is the excellent soft magnetic properties of AlCoCuFeNi_x HEAs. Soft magnetic performance is dependent on composition and phase transition. AlCoCuFeNi_1.5 alloy, achieving a better balance of mechanical and magnetic properties, could be applied as structure materials and soft magnetic materials (SMMs). High Curie temperature (>900 K) and strong phase stability below 1350 K of AlCoCuFeNi_0.5 alloy confirm its practicability in a high-temperature environment. Atomic size difference (δ) is utilized as the critical parameter to explain the lattice strain and phase transformation induced by Ni addition.     

薄膜厚度对ITO膜结构与性能的影响

本文对所研究的直流磁控溅射法制备的ITO透明导电薄膜,采用X射线衍射技术进行了膜层晶体结构与薄膜厚度关系的分析, 并测量了薄膜电阻率及透光率随薄膜厚度的变化情况.实验结果表明,当控制薄膜厚度达70 nm以上时,可获得结晶性好、电阻率低和透光率高的ITO透明导电薄膜,所镀制的ITO膜电阻率已降到1.8×10^-4 Ωcm,可见光透过率达80%以上.最后还对所镀制的ITO透明导电薄膜的质量指标作了评估.     

磁控溅射膜层厚度均匀性测试

在相对于平面磁控溅射阴极均匀区范围内安放硅片，镀膜后进行膜层厚度测试，然后计算膜层厚度均匀度。结果，片间厚度均匀性为1％～-1．7％；炉间厚度均匀性为3．5％～-2％。     

钛酸锶钡(BST)薄膜的介电性能研究

采用射频磁控溅射法制备了BaxSr1-xTiO2（简称BST）薄膜材料,研究了不同膜厚,晶粒尺寸的BST薄膜的介电系数温度特性（ε1-T),频率特性（ε-r-f),电压特性（εr-U)及损耗的温度特性（tgδ-T),频率特性（tgδ-f),找出了BST薄膜的非线性,损耗随尺度变化的规律。     

Microstructure and properties of AlTiNiMnBx high entropy alloys

Abstract

AlTiNiMnB _x (x=0˙1, 0˙2, 0˙4 and 0˙5) high entropy alloys are prepared by an arc furnace. The results show that the alloys have a single bcc crystal structure. Boron additions lead to distortion of the crystal lattice and alloy strengthening. The highest hardness (779 HV) is achieved with 0˙5 at.-%B.     

Deposition of FeCoNiCrMn high entropy alloy (HEA) coating via cold spraying

High entropy alloys (HEAs) are of great interest in the community of materials science and engineering due to their unique phase structure. They are constructed with five or more principal alloying elements in equimolar or near-equimolar ratio. Therefore, HEAs can derive their performance from multiple principal elements rather than a single element. In this work, solid-state cold spraying (CS) was applied for the first time to produce FeCoNiCrMn HEA coating. The experimental results confirm that CS can be used to produce a thick HEA coating with low porosity. As a low-temperature deposition process, CS completely retained the HEA phase structure in the coating without any phase transformation. The characterization also reveals that the grains in the CSed HEA coating had experienced significant refinement as compared to those in the as-received HEA powder due the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization at the highly deformed interparticle region. Due to the increased dislocation density and grain boundaries, CSed HEA coating was much harder than the as-received powder. The tribological study shows that the CSed FeCoNiCrMn HEA coating resulted in lower wear rate than laser cladded HEA coatings.     

NbMoTiVSi_x refractory high entropy alloys strengthened by forming BCC phase and silicide eutectic structure

In order to improve mechanical properties of refractory high entropy alloys,silicide was introduced and NbMoTiVSi_x(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,and 0.4,molar ratio) refractory high entropy alloys are prepared by vacuum arc melting.Phase composition,micro structure evolution and mechanical properties were systematically studied.Results show that the silicide phase is formed in the alloys with addition of silicon,and the volume fraction of silicide increases from 0 to 8.3 % with increasing of silicon.Microstructure observation shows that the morphology of dendrite changes from columnar to near equiaxed,eutectic structure is formed at grain boundaries and composed of secondary BCC phase and silicide phase.The average length of the primary and second dendrites decreases with the increasing of silicon.Whereas,the ratio of eutectic structure increases from 0 to 19.8 % with the increment of silicon.The refinement of microstructure is caused by heterogeneous nucleation from the silicide.Compressive tests show that the yield and ultimate strength of the alloys increases from 1141.5 MPa to 2093.1 MPa and from 1700.1 MPa to 2374.7 MPa with increasing silicon content.The fracture strain decreases from 24.7 %-11.0 %.Fracture mechanism is changed from ductile fracture to ductile and brittle mixed fracture.The improvement of the strength is caused by grain bounda ry strengthening,which includes more boundaries around primary BCC phase and eutectic structure in grain boundary,both of them is resulted from the formation of silicide.     

Strengthening FCC-CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloys by Mo addition

In order to strengthen the face-centered-cubic(FCC) type CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloys(HEAs), different contents of Mo(0–16 at.%, similarly hereinafter) were alloyed. Phase evolution, microstructure,mechanical properties and related mechanism of these HEAs were systematically studied. The results show that sigma phase is appeared with addition of Mo, and the volume fraction of it increases gradually from 0 to 66% with increasing Mo content. It is found that Mo is enriched in sigma phase, which indicates that Mo element is beneficial to form sigma phase. Compressive testing shows that the yield strength of the alloys increases gradually from 216 to 765 MPa, while the fracture strain decreases from 50%(no fracture) to 19% with increasing of Mo. The alloy exhibits the best compressive performance when Mo content reaches 11%, the yield strength, fracture strength and fracture strain are 547 MPa, 2672 MPa and44% respectively. The increased volume fraction of sigma phase plays an important role in improving the compressive strength of(CoCrFeMnNi)_(100-x)Mo_xHEAs.     

高熵合金摩擦磨损性能的研究进展EI北大核心CSCD

近年来,高熵合金成为金属材料领域的研究热点。高熵合金处于相图中心区域,具有广阔的合金成分空间和组织结构形成可能;成分和制备工艺的协同调控,能够获得更丰富的组织结构;非常规的化学结构有望突破传统抗磨、润滑合金的性能极限。本文讨论了耐磨高熵合金的分类,分析了化学活泼金属、软金属、难熔金属的添加对高熵合金抗磨、润滑性能的影响规律;总结了非金属元素和陶瓷相的添加对高熵合金基复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响;综述了热处理和表面工程技术对高熵合金表面组织结构和摩擦磨损行为的作用;讨论了苛刻工况下抗磨润滑高熵合金的设计方法。对未来高熵合金在摩擦磨损领域的研究和应用进行了展望,高熵合金在解决传统合金的瓶颈问题上具有巨大潜力,如在极端工况下实现稳定润滑抗磨、保证特定功能作用下实现抗磨。     

Microstructure and corrosion behaviour of FeCoNiCuSnx high entropy alloys

Abstract

The FeCoNiCuSn_x alloys with different Sn contents are prepared, the microstructure and the corrosion behaviour of the alloys are investigated. When Sn content is lower than 0.09, FeCoNiCuSn_x alloys consist of a single FCC phase. While Sn content of the alloy is 0.09, a small quantity of BCC structure is present. The FeCoNiCuSn_x alloys have a wider passive region in the NaOH solution. FeCoNiCuSn_x alloys exhibit a better corrosion resistance in NaCl solution than 304 stainless steel, the corrosion resistance of FeCoNiCuSn_0.04 alloy is best among all the alloys. The corrosion resistance of FeCoNiCuSn_x alloys in NaOH solution is lower than that of 304 stainless steel, the corrosion resistance of FeCoNiCuSn_0.03 alloy is best among all FeCoNiCuSn_x alloys.