Tribological behavior of B4C reinforced Fe-base bulk metallic glass composite coating

In the present study, the tribological behavior of B₄C reinforced Fe-based bulk metallic glass (BMG) in the form of spray coatings was investigated. These coatings were successfully deposited on mild steel substrates using shrouded plasma spray techniques. The B₄C fraction and distribution in the deposited BMG/B₄C coatings were evaluated by image analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Friction and wear experiments were performed under dry conditions using a pin-on-disk sliding wear test against SUJ2 countermaterial for different B₄C fractions. It was observed that the wear resistance of composite coatings was greatly improved relative to the BMG coating. The results show that the friction coefficient of BMG/B₄C coatings is dependent on the fraction of B₄C in the BMG matrix. The wear behavior of Fe-based BMG is governed by plastic deformation and fracture of the wear surface. By embedding a harder material, B₄C, in a comparatively soft matrix, the hardness of the wear surface can be increased, and plastic flow propagation is inhibited. Moreover, the lower friction coefficient of B₄C can lead to reductions in wear loss.     

Synthesis and densification of Cu added Fe-based BMG composite powders by gas atomization and electrical explosion of wire

In this study, the Fe-based (Fe–C–Si–B–P–Cr–Mo–Al) BMG powders were produced by the high pressure gas atomization process, and they were combined with the ductile Cu powders produced by the electrical explosion of wire (EEW). The Fe-based amorphous powders and Cu added BMG composite powders were compacted by the spark plasma sintering (SPS) processes into cylindrical shape. In the SPS press, the as-prepared powders were sintered at 793 K and 843 K. The relative density increased to 98% when the pressure increased up to 500 MPa by optimum control of the SPS process parameters. The micro-Vickers hardness was over 1100 Hv.     

一种铁基块体金属玻璃纳米压痕蠕变行为的加载速率敏感性(英文)

通过纳米压痕蠕变实验研究了加载速率对{[(Fe0.6Co0.4)0.75B0.2Si0.05]0.96Nb0.04}96Cr4块体金属玻璃室温蠕变变形的影响。结果表明,该铁基块体金属玻璃的蠕变变形随着加载速率的增加而增大。此外,根据经验幂率函数计算得到了材料室温蠕变应力指数,当加载速率从1mN/s增加到50mN/s时,应力指数从28.1逐渐下降到4.9,显示出显著的压痕加载速率敏感性。最后,基于自由体积理论和剪切转变区理论对该铁基块体金属玻璃的纳米压痕蠕变行为进行了探讨,并对实验结果和分析结果提供了半定量的解释。     

La2O3对激光熔覆铁基JG-8合金组织与性能的影响

采用激光熔覆技术在27SiMn钢基体表面成功制备了不同La_2O_3含量的铁基JG-8合金复合涂层,系统地研究了添加La_2O_3对铁基JG-8合金复合涂层组织及性能的影响。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和配有能谱仪(EDS)的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对铁基JG-8合金复合涂层的物相结构和显微组织进行分析测试,通过显微硬度仪和摩擦磨损试验机对铁基JG-8合金复合涂层的硬度以及摩擦学性能进行分析评估。结果表明,La_2O_3的添加可有效细化组织,使晶粒由原本的柱状晶转变为细小的胞状结构。铁基JG-8合金复合涂层的硬度随着La_2O_3含量的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势,其中0.8%La_2O_3(质量分数)铁基JG-8合金复合涂层的硬度(HV0.3)(5327MPa)最高,与未添加La_2O_3的铁基JG-8涂层相比,0.8%La_2O_3铁基JG-8合金复合涂层的硬度提升了19.4%。在摩擦磨损过程中未添加La_2O_3的铁基JG-8涂层主要磨损机制为粘着磨损和疲劳磨损,0.8%La_2O_3铁基JG-8合金复合涂层的主要磨损机制为磨粒磨损,0.8%La_2O_3铁基JG-8合金复合涂层的体积磨损量最低,为27SiMn钢基体的22.9%。     

合金微结构的调整对铁基块体金属玻璃室温塑性的影响(英文)

报道一种新奇的现象,即随着Fe75Mo5P10C8.3B1.7块体金属玻璃的直径从1.5mm增加到2.0mm,其室温压缩塑性反而从0.5%增加到1.8%。这主要归因于随着铁基块体金属玻璃样品直径的增加,原位形成了零星的α-Fe枝晶相,这种在边缘化的块体金属玻璃中出现的异质结构是提高当前铁基块体金属玻璃室温塑性的主要原因。     

Dual phase metallic glassy composites with large-size and ultra-high strength fabricated by spark plasma sintering

Two-phase bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) have attracted increasing interest since phase separation might produce metallic glasses with new physical and mechanical properties. In this study, we fabricated the dual phase glassy BMG composites by a spark plasma sintering process using a mixed powder of the gas-atomized Ni-based and Fe-based metallic glassy alloy powders. The thermal stability, microstructure, mechanical and magnetic properties of the obtained dual-phase glassy composites were investigated. The dual-phase glassy composites exhibited ultra-high strength and good soft magnetic properties which satisfy large-size requirements.     

热喷涂Fe基非晶涂层耐腐蚀性与孔隙率研究进展

热喷涂Fe基非晶合金涂层的综合性能优异,特别是在耐磨、耐腐蚀方面具有传统晶体材料无可比拟的优势,因而广泛应用于材料表面的防护领域。然而热喷涂涂层为典型的层状结构,涂层内部会存在一定量的孔隙,致使涂层耐腐蚀性能下降。首先介绍了热喷涂Fe基非晶涂层的腐蚀机理及其影响因素,总结了热喷涂涂层孔隙产生的机制、分类和影响因素。接着重点介绍了孔隙与热喷涂Fe基非晶涂层耐腐蚀性之间关系的研究进展。最后,通过对热喷涂涂层的形成过程与孔隙形成机理进行分析,粒子铺展变形能力差是显著影响涂层形成时粒子相互嵌套叠加和变形能力的主要原因。所以,Fe基非晶涂层可以从改变喷涂粉末成分和粒度、第二项粒子加入及喷涂工艺参数优化等措施,来改善粒子铺展变形能力,提高致密度。采用激光快速表面重熔技术对涂层微表层进行快速重熔处理,同样可以达到降低涂层孔隙率、提高涂层耐腐蚀性的目的。     

等离子弧堆焊铁基熔覆层组织结构与磨损行为

设计开发了一种铁基(含Cr,Mo,C,B,Si,Mn等元素)多元合金粉末,采用等离子弧堆焊(PTAW)技术在AISI304L不锈钢表面制备相应熔覆层,通过XRD,SEM,EDS及磨粒磨损试验机等对熔覆层微观组织结构和磨损行为等进行表征,并与传统NiCrBSi和NiCrBSi+25%WC粉末的PTAW熔覆层进行了对比研究.结果表明,所设计的铁基合金熔覆层成形良好,基体组织由Fe-Cr固溶体相与γ-Fe相构成,其间包裹着大量弥散分布的富钼硼化物和M₂₃(B,C)₆硬质相,对熔覆层组织能够起到有效的支撑和强化作用.铁基熔覆层的宏观硬度平均值高达64.2HRC,其相对耐磨性明显优于NiCrBSi+25%WC熔覆层,并达到NiCrBSi熔覆层的8倍以上.     

Formation of centimeter Fe-based bulk metallic glasses in low vacuum environment

The formation of a Fe_43.7Co_7.3Cr_14.7Mo_12.6C_15.5B_4.3Y_1.9 bulk metallic glass (BMG) was attempted in low vacuum environment and in air using commercial raw materials. The glass forming ability of the Fe-based alloys was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and differential thermal analyzer (DTA). It was found that cylindric rods with diameters ranging from 10 mm to 5 mm could be successfully fabricated by copper-mold casting in the pressures from 1.5 Pa to 10⁵ Pa (10⁵ Pa = 1 atm). All BMGs exhibit a distinct glass transition and wide supercooled liquid region. The preparation condition seems not significantly affected by the thermodynamic parameters of BMG, such as supercooled liquid region, glass transition temperature and melting process. The oxygen content of the alloys prepared in different vacuum conditions was measured by a LECO oxygen analyzer, which revealed that the oxygen content was less than 100 ppm for all BMGs prepared, even in air. The good glass forming ability and excellent oxidation resistance for the present Fe-based alloy are discussed.     

氩弧原位合成TiC颗粒增强Fe基复合层

通过在Fe基自熔合金粉末中添加一定比率的强碳化物形成元素Ti及石墨,采用氩弧熔敷法在中碳钢基体上制备原位形成的TiC颗粒增强Fe基合金复合涂层.利用扫描电镜、电子探针、X射线衍射和图像分析系统,对熔敷层显微组织及其影响因素进行了观察与分析.研究结果表明,利用氩弧熔敷技术,可以原位形成细小、弥散分布的TiC颗粒;TiC颗粒沿熔敷层深度呈梯度分布.通过调整预置涂层的厚度、熔敷工艺参数以及石墨的加入量,可以调整控制熔敷层的成形及组织与性能.     

激光熔覆大厚度Fe57Co8Ni8Zr10Si4B13非晶表层及其微结构研究

利用激光熔覆制备出１．２ｍｍ厚的Ｆｅ５７Ｃｏ８Ｎｉ８Ｚｒ１０Ｓｉ４Ｂ１３大厚度非晶表层。用ＸＲＤ,ＥＤＳ,ＴＥＭ,ＤＳＣ及硬度仪对获得的非晶表层进行了多种分析,研究了非晶合金表层的微结构与非晶形成能力,初步探讨了大厚度非晶表层的形成机制。     

Fe基块体非晶软磁合金研究进展

总结了铁基块体非晶软磁合金问世以来的发展情况,简述了其制备原理和作为新型磁性材料的优点：高玻璃形成能力、良好的热稳定性、低的临界冷却速率、高饱和磁化强度、低矫顽力、高磁导率以及在其过冷液相区内的超塑性;归纳了铁基BMG合金的成分特点以及由此得到的性能;简要介绍了铁基块体纳米晶合金和双相BMG合金;最后评价了铁基BMG软磁合金的优势及不足。     

Study on corrosion behavior of continuous bulk metallic glass-coated steel wire composite

Zr_41.2Ti_13.8Cu_12.5Ni₁₀Be_22.5 (atomic percent) (Vit1) Bulk metallic glass (BMG)-coated steel wire composite was produced by using continuous process. The existence of amorphous structure in the BMG coating was proved by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) measurement and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The corrosion behaviors of the bare steel wire and the wire composite in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution corrosive media were investigated by immersion tests and electrochemical polarization measurements at room temperature. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized to examine morphology of the corroded surface. By comparing the corrosion behaviors of the wire composite and the bare steel wire as well as the Vit1 BMGs reported in the literatures, the results of the present investigation reveal (1) it is important to choose sound technical parameters such as processing temperature to avoid the crystallization for the BMG coating of steel wire (2) the Vit1 BMG-coated steel wire composite has better corrosion resistance than the bare steel wire from perspective of either mass loss or polarization behavior (3) strong protective layers grow on the surface of the coated steel wire by anodization, of which the barrier effect to initiate pitting is slightly lower than that of the monolithic Vit1 BMG, but the general polarization behavior is quite similar to that of the monolithic Vit1 BMG.     

超音速火焰喷涂Fe基非晶合金涂层材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

目的通过优化涂层制备工艺,制备致密的Fe基非晶合金涂层,以提高非晶合金涂层的耐磨性。方法采用活性燃烧高速燃气超音速火焰喷涂(AC-HVAF)技术,通过工艺优化,制备了组织致密的Fe基非晶合金涂层。利用场发射扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、维氏显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机、三维光学轮廓仪等设备,对非晶合金涂层的组织结构、摩擦性能和磨损机制进行了深入分析。结果 Fe基非晶合金涂层呈现典型的非晶结构,涂层厚度在300μm左右,涂层的平均显微硬度值高达1000HV0.1。在干摩擦试验条件下,Fe基非晶合金涂层的磨损量远低于304不锈钢材料,磨损率是304不锈钢基体的1/3~1/2。Fe基非晶合金涂层的磨损机制以疲劳磨损为主,伴随着氧化磨损。氧化磨损主要是由干摩擦过程中产生的摩擦热导致,氧化磨损加速了片层剥落。结论 Fe基非晶合金涂层孔隙率的降低和非晶相含量的提高,有利于稳定摩擦系数和改善涂层的耐磨损性能。     

微粒轰击Fe基非晶电弧喷涂层性能强化

为了减小热喷涂层残余应力对涂层质量的不利影响,采用喷丸(砂)微粒轰击与高速电弧喷涂相互循环交替的工艺制备了Fe基非晶涂层,使涂层残余拉应力变为残余压应力,喷丸(砂)强化涂层表面残余应力由未处理涂层表面残余拉应力277 MPa分别变为残余压应力-177 MPa(-91 MPa)。利用电子扫描显微镜、纳米压痕仪、摩擦磨损试验机等分别对涂层的微观形貌、力学性能和摩擦磨损性能进行了测试。结果表明:经过微粒轰击后的涂层表面致密平整,组织结构密实,喷丸(砂)强化涂层的孔隙率仅为1.0%(1.5%),结合强度可达44.6 MPa(56.4 MPa),经过微粒轰击后涂层硬度、弹性模量及摩擦磨损性能都有所提升。喷丸强化涂层局部过度的轰击会使涂层结合强度及摩擦磨损性能略有下降。     

Development of cold work tool steel based-MMC coating using HVOF spraying and its HIP densification behaviour

The aim of the present study is to develop a Fe-based metal matrix composite (MMC) coating using high velocity oxy-fuel spraying (HVOF) process. A ledeburitic high alloyed cold work tool steel (X220CrVMo13-4) and NbC with an average size of 2 µm at different volume fractions have been considered as metal matrix and hard particles respectively. MMC coatings were deposited on austenitic stainless substrates and the coatings were subsequently densified by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) with and without encapsulation. Microstructural analysis of the as-sprayed and HIPed coatings were characterized by SEM and XRD methods. Results showed that the feedstock preparation involving fine NbC was an influencing factor on the coating deposition. A relatively homogeneous dispersion of fine NbC up to 30 vol.% in cold work tool steel matrix was possible using optimized HVOF spraying. Besides, HVOF spraying and its subsequent HIP treatment induced significant microstructural and phase changes in the MMC coatings. The study showed the potential of HVOF spraying for the development of steel based MMC coatings and its subsequent densification can be achieved by HIP process with and without encapsulation.     

Microstructure and electrochemical behavior of Ti-coatedZr55Al10Ni5Cu30 bulk metallic glass

In this study, pure Ti was coated on Zr₅₅Al₁₀Ni₅Cu₃₀ bulk metallic glass (BMG) using a physical vapour deposition (PVD) technique with magnetron sputtering. Microstructures of Ti coating, BMG substrate and interface were investigated by conventional and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM and HREM). The electrochemical behavior of Ti-coated Zr₅₅Al₁₀Ni₅Cu₃₀ BMG was studied by potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in Hanks' solution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the surface morphology of the coating after electrochemical testing. HRTEM observation reveals that the sputtering Ti coating consists of α-Ti nano-scale particles with the size about 10 nm. The polarization curves revealed that the open-circuit potential shifted to a more positive potential and the passive current density was lower after Ti coating was applied in comparison with that of the monolithic Zr₅₅Al₁₀Ni₅Cu₃₀ BMG. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements showed that the Bode plots of Ti-coated Zr₅₅Al₁₀Ni₅Cu₃₀ BMG presented one time constant for 1 h and 12 h immersion and two time constants after 24 h immersion. The good bonding condition between Ti coating and Zr₅₅Al₁₀Ni₅Cu₃₀ BMG substrate may be responsible for the high corrosion resistance of Ti-coated Zr₅₅Al₁₀Ni₅Cu₃₀ BMG.     

Study of structure and corrosion resistance of Fe-based amorphous coatings prepared by HVAF and HVOF

Fe-based amorphous coatings with a composition of Fe_49.7Cr₁₈Mn_1.9Mo_7.4W_1.6B_15.2C_3.8Si_2.4 have been prepared on a mild steel substrate by High velocity air fuel (HVAF) and High velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) processes. The microstructure and corrosion resistance in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution of the coatings prepared by the two processes were comparatively studied. It was found that the two coatings exhibit dense structure with the porosity of 0.4% and compact bonding with the substrate. However, HVOF coating contains higher oxygen content than HVAF coating, resulting from the formation of significant oxide contours between the partially melted particles in HVOF process. Electrochemical polarization tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis indicate that the HVAF coating has better corrosion resistance than the HVOF coating. The preferential corrosion along the oxide contours thus providing efficient diffusion channels for electrolyte accounts for the poor corrosion resistance in HVOF coating. The present results demonstrate that HVAF with less cost can be a promising spray process to fabricate the Fe-based amorphous coating for industrial applications.     

基于 BP 神经网络的 Fe 基合金粉末喷涂工艺参数优化

目的基于BP神经网络具有自学习、自训练和输出预测的功能,将其应用于热喷涂过程中的参数优化问题。方法依托高效能超音速等离子喷涂系统实验平台,以Fe基合金粉末为喷涂材料,将等离子喷涂中的主气流量、电功率和喷涂距离作为模型输入,涂层沉积速率和硬度作为模型输出,不断调整隐含层节点个数,最终建立3-7-2网络结构的BP神经网络以优化工艺参数。利用优化出的工艺参数制备Fe基合金涂层,测试其性能,并计算误差。结果神经网络优化出的最优喷涂工艺参数为:主气流量96L/min,电功率56 k W,喷涂距离95 mm。采用该工艺参数制备涂层,涂层增厚实测平均值为360μm,硬度为672HV0.3,而模型的预测值分别为332μm和611HV0.3,与预测值的相对误差分别为7.8%和9.1%。结论 BP神经网络对等离子喷涂参数优化问题的拟合精度比较高,误差在可以接受的范围之内。将BP神经网络运用于热喷涂工艺参数的优化具有科学性和可操作性。     

Fe-based glassy alloys with high iron content and high saturation magnetization

Iron-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) are attractive due to their excellent magnetic properties. It is known that increasing the iron content in alloys would enhance the magnetic property of glassy alloys, but would reduce their glass forming ability. Despite researchers are keen to develop Fe-based BMGs with high Fe content, BMG with Fe content higher than 79 at.% has not been reported. Here we report that Fe-based BMGs with Fe content as high as 78 ～ 81 at.% have been successfully prepared. The as-prepared Fe₈₁Mo₁P_7.5C_5.5B₂Si₃ BMG possesses a saturation magnetization of 1.64 T, which is significantly higher than the reported value in BMGs.