铁粉纯度和粒径对磷化铁粉软磁复合材料磁性能的影响

研究了铁粉纯度和粒径对磷化铁粉软磁复合材料磁性能的影响。结果表明,铁粉经磷化后,表面成功包覆了完整均匀的磷酸盐绝缘层。铁粉纯度提高,软磁复合材料磁芯的密度和磁导率增大,同时磁滞损耗降低。铁粉粒度增大,磁芯密度和磁导率增加,中高频率下磁损耗明显增加,且频率越高越明显。     

用于高频电机磁芯的金属软磁复合材料研究进展

金属软磁复合材料(Soft magnetic composite,SMC)具有较高的电阻率和饱和磁感应强度,在高速电机、开关电源和电力工业等方面有广泛的应用,尤其是作为高速电机磁芯材料潜力巨大。研制能效更高、体积更小、应用范围更广的新型软磁复合材料成为当前一大热点。本文介绍了软磁复合材料的生产工艺、结构特征以及金属磁性材料和绝缘包覆材料,阐述了各要素对材料性能的影响,概述了软磁复合材料在电机中的应用,并综述了近几年软磁复合材料的发展。     

电力电子中高频软磁材料的研究进展

随着电力电子行业的飞速发展,新型电磁材料的投入使用,对电子元器件的高频磁性能提出了新的要求。磁芯作为电子元器件的核心部件,其发展程度直接决定电子元器件的性能,这就要求具有优异高频软磁性能的材料发展。本文综述了四种软磁材料的发展历程,对每种软磁材料的优缺点进行了归纳总结,同时指出了未来的发展方向,并重点对近年来研究热门的软磁复合材料进行了梳理。粒径大小可控、包覆层对核层的包覆均匀程度以及从实验室走向产业化的大批量制备方法是未来高频软磁复合材料的发展趋势。     

TiO_2包覆对不同粒径羰基铁粉吸波性能的影响

本文采用溶胶-凝胶法,分别在粒径为6μm和1μm的羰基铁粉表面成功包覆了一层二氧化钛薄膜;利用矢量网络分析仪测量了羰基铁粉和石蜡所制成的复合材料的电磁参数,对比分析了二氧化钛包覆前后羰基铁粉复合材料在微波频段的复介电常数、复磁导率和微波吸收性能的变化。实验结果表明:二氧化钛包覆层能有效地增大粒径为1μm的羰基铁粉的复磁导率和复介电常数,改善小粒径羰基铁粉的微波吸收性能。通过分析认为二氧化钛包覆层能有效地阻隔颗粒间涡流的形成,由此能很好地解释二氧化钛包覆层对1μm羰基铁粉微波吸收性能的增强效果。     

铁基软磁粉末复合材料

软磁粉末复合材料的性能主要取决于原材料的纯度、添加元素和适当的生产工艺。采用低夹杂含量的铁粉,在烧结过程中防止氮和碳在大气中溶解,可以大规模生产具有良好软磁性能的粉末冶金零件。本文简要论述软磁粉末复合材料的制造工艺、磁性和主要用途。     

羰基铁/聚苯乙烯复合材料的制备及微波吸收性能

采用热压法制备了羰基铁/聚苯乙烯复合材料。复合材料的结构、形貌和电磁性能分别采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和HP8510网络分析仪进行了研究。结果表明,随着羰基铁粉含量的增加,羰基铁/聚苯乙烯复合材料的复介电常数的实部ε′和虚部ε″、复磁导率的实部μ′和虚部μ″都呈现逐渐增大的趋势。羰基铁粉含量为75%(质量分数)的羰基铁/聚苯乙烯复合材料具有最好的电磁波吸收性能,其最小反射率在14GHz为-15dB,-10dB带宽达4.1GHz。     

隔离器负载用微波吸收材料的性能研究

以羰基铁粉、磷化羰基铁粉、硅烷改性羰基铁粉、铁镍合金粉为吸收剂;以环氧树脂为基体制备复合微波吸收材料。对制备的各种复合材料的体电阻率、击穿强度、磁损耗、吸收损耗进行了测试,并进行了对比分析,研究了不同频段下各因素对吸波性能的影响。结果表明,由磷化和硅烷改性羰基铁粉制备的吸收体的电阻率得到较大程度的提高,达到5.62×10~6Ω·cm以上,在高频段(10～18GHz)的吸收损耗为3.7～7.0dB/mm,击穿强度达700V/mm以上,电阻率的提高使吸波体具有良好的高频特性。片状铁镍合金粉和磷化羰基铁粉复合共掺制备的吸收体在低频段(2～7GHz)具有良好的磁损耗能力,吸收损耗为0.9～4.2dB/mm。     

基体和增强体粒度对铁基复合材料性能影响的研究

利用电流直加热动态热压烧结工艺探讨了铁粉粒度和增强体粒度对铁基复合材料性能影响的规律。研究表明,纯铁粉烧结材料的力学性能随铁粉粒度的增大呈明显的下降趋势,而SiCp/Fe复合材料恰恰相反,其性能随铁粉粒度的增大而显著提高,随SiC增强体粒度的增大而先提高后下降,当粒度约为15μm时复合材料各性能相对较好。     

基体和增强体粒度对铁基复合材料性能影响的研究

利用电流直加热动态热压烧结工艺探讨了铁粉粒度和增强体粒度对铁基复合材料性能影响的规律。研究表明，纯铁粉烧结材料的力学性能随铁粉粒度的增大呈明显的下降趋势，而SiCp／Fe复合材料恰恰相反，其性能随铁粉粒度的增大而显著提高，随SiC增强体粒度的增大而先提高后下降，当粒度约为15μm时复合材料各性能相对较好。     

NiZnFe_2O_4包覆铁基软磁复合材料的制备及性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备的NiZnFe_2O_4作为绝缘剂包覆铁粉来制备铁基软磁复合材料,并研究了NiZnFe_2O_4含量和成型压力对复合材料磁性能的影响。采用SEM,EDX线扫描及元素面分布分析显示在铁粉颗粒表面存在一层均匀的NiZnFe_2O_4包覆层,绝缘包覆层的存在可以有效地提高软磁复合材料的电阻率。实验结果表明,随着NiZnFe_2O_4包覆剂含量的增加,软磁复合材料的复数磁导率实部值逐渐降低,与其他含量的样品相比,NiZnFe_2O_4含量为3%(质量分数,下同)的样品具有最低的复数磁导率虚部值和相对较高的复数磁导率实部值。NiZnFe_2O_4包覆剂的加入,可以大幅降低材料内部的磁损耗,在100kHz时其磁损耗仅为未包覆样品的16.2%。当NiZnFe_2O_4的含量为3%,成型压力为1000MPa时,软磁复合材料的密度达到7.14g/cm~3,饱和磁感应强度为1.47T。     

Improved magnetic properties of iron-based soft magnetic composites with a double phosphate-SiO2 shells structure

Herein a double shells structure was proposed to overcome the drawbacks such as poor heat resistance, incomplete insulation and high core loss coating of iron-based soft magnetic composites (SMCs) with single shell structure. The surface of the iron powder was coated with a double shells structure composed of an inner phosphate coating and an outer SiO₂ coating through phosphating and hydrolysis successively. Subsequently, the effects of different SiO₂ addition amount on the microstructure of iron powder and magnetic properties of SMCs were studied. The introduction of SiO₂ in the double shells structure inhibited the decomposition and failure of phosphating layer after being annealed at a high temperature. The iron powder coated with the phosphate-SiO₂ insulating layer was still effective after annealing in a N₂ atmosphere at 570 °C, achieving the purpose of eliminating residual stress and improving magnetic properties. The optimal process parameters were set at 0.2 wt% phosphoric acid and 0.5 wt% tetraethyl orthosilicate to fabricate the phosphate-SiO₂ double shells. The iron-based SMCs presented excellent magnetic properties with B_s of 1.29 T and P_s of 169.2 W/kg (measured at 1 T and 1 kHz). In addition, the core loss of SMCs introduced with SiO₂ is 83% lower than that of SMCs produced by the phosphating process. This paper provides a feasible method for improving the magnetic properties of SMCs.

     

FeCoSi合金磁粉磷化处理及高频电磁性能

采用快淬甩带和高能球磨工艺制备了成分为Fe70Co12Si18(合金名称中数字为原子百分数)的片状合金磁粉,并用磷酸酒精溶液对磁粉进行了磷化处理.重点研究了磷化前后及不同磷酸浓度对FeCoSi磁粉电磁参数和微波吸收性能的影响.结果 表明,随着磷酸浓度的提高,FeCoSi合金吸波材料的介电常数实部和虚部均减小,磁导率实部...     

铜粉表面磷化工艺优选

为提高铜粉的抗氧化性能,以氧化锌、磷酸、硝酸配制磷化液,通过单因素试验进行铜粉磷化工艺优选,采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、激光粒度仪及烧结试验等研究了磷化液成分、磷化时间、磷化温度对所得磷化铜粉形貌、粒径和抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明:铜粉磷化后在150℃时抗氧化性得到较大改善,在300~400℃之间的抗氧化能力明显提高,但在400℃时,铜粉的抗氧化能力改善相对较小;磷化的最佳工艺为A磷化体系(8 g Zn O,14 m L HNO3,7 m L H3PO4,250 m L H2O)、磷化温度65℃、磷化时间40 min;最佳条件下磷化,能够获得粒径分布更均匀、分散性和抗氧化性更好的类球形铜粉。     

Ti元素掺杂对Fe-3Si基软磁复合材料组织结构及磁特性的影响

采用气雾化制粉技术并结合模压成形方法制备xTi/Fe-3Si-0.5Al-2Ni（x=0,1,2）软磁复合材料,通过XRD、SEM、综合物性测量系统（PPMS）以及软磁交流测量仪等装置表征和分析了合金粉末的相结构、形貌、磁特性及Ti/Fe-3Si-0.5Al-2Ni软磁复合材料的磁性能,探讨了Ti元素掺杂对合金粉末居里温度、饱和磁化强度等性能的影响,并着重研究了Ti元素添加对Ti/Fe-3Si-0.5Al-2Ni软磁复合材料有效磁导率、功率损耗、矫顽力等动态磁学特性的影响。结果表明：气雾化合金粉末只存在单一的α-Fe（Si）固溶相,球形度高;Ti元素的掺杂可提高粉末居里温度,但饱和磁化强度有小幅度的弱化;另外,随着Ti元素含量的增加,Ti/Fe-3Si-0.5Al-2Ni软磁复合材料有效磁导率升高,而功率损耗和矫顽力降低,当Ti元素含量为2wt%时,软磁复合材料获得较佳的综合磁性能。     

Surface analyses of calcite particles reactivity in the presence of phosphoric acid

The reactivity of calcite in phosphoric acid solutions of concentrations between 0 and 0.5 M was monitored during 15 min with complementary in-situ and ex-situ analytical techniques such as Raman and infrared spectroscopies, XRD and SEM analysis. The Raman and infrared spectra show the characteristic carbonate peaks of calcite and phosphate peaks attributed to a new phosphate phase which intensity decreases and increases, respectively with increasing phosphoric acid concentration and reaction time. A similar trend was observed with increasing acid concentration in the XRD analysis of calcite which also revealed that this new phosphate phase is dicalcium phosphate dihydrate or brushite. Fine sheets of calcium phosphate particles were observed by SEM analysis covering the calcite particles at a high phosphoric acid concentration. These changes on the calcite surface were compared to the consumption of protons by the calcite particle suspension with increasing phosphoric acid concentration. The formation and stability of passivating calcium phosphate phases on the calcite surface was evidenced. The obtained results allow to define the contact time and phosphoric acid concentration intervals where the surface of calcite is not passivated by the brushite formed or adsorbed on the mineral surface.     

用精铁矿粉和Mn3O4制备功率铁氧体的研究

用精铁矿粉和Mn3O4制备功率铁氧体工艺特点,结果表明能用廉价的精铁矿粉制出性能接近PC30的功率铁氧体。     

Highly sinterable β-tricalcium phosphate synthesized from eggshells

Highly sinterable β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) powders were fabricated by using recycled eggshells in addition with polyethylene glycol (PEG). A raw eggshell was easily turned to CaO by the calcining process and the calcined eggshell was mixed with phosphoric acid by the wet, ball-milling method. The observed phases of the heated mixtures were dependent on the mixing ratio (wt.%) of the calcined eggshell and phosphoric acid. A polyethylene glycol was added to the solution mixtures for making highly sinterable powders. In the process using the polymer, the final synthesized β-TCP powders showed smaller particle sizes and better sinterability in comparison with the synthesized β-TCP powders prepared without PEG. The ball-milled β-TCP powders employing PEG, were fully densified at the low temperature of 1150 °C without any transformation to α-TCP.In this study, the crystalline developments and Ca/P molar ratios of the synthesized calcium phosphate powders were studied by X-ray diffractometry and chemical analysis using ICP AES. In addition, the microstructures of the β-TCP powders and densified β-TCPs were examined using a scanning electron microscope.     

Structure and magnetic properties of ZrO2-coated Fe powders and Fe/ZrO2 soft magnetic composites

Fe particles were coated with ZrO₂ nanopowders using mechanical milling method combined with high temperature recovery annealing process. The effect of milling time on particle size, phase structure and magnetic properties of the core-shell structure powders was studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that the surfaces of the composite powders comprised thin and uniform layers of ZrO₂ insulating powders after milling. Also, the SEM images showed the morphology of micro-cellular structured compacts with cell-body of Fe particles and indicated that Fe particles were well separated and insulated by thin ZrO₂ layers. The Fe/ZrO₂ soft magnetic composites displayed much higher electrical resistivity, lower core loss than that of the pure Fe powder cores without ZrO₂ layers at medium and high frequencies. The preparation method of ZrO₂-insulated Fe powders provides a promising method to reduce the core loss and improve the magnetic properties for soft magnetic composite materials.     

Microstructure evolution and soft magnetic properties of Fe-based nanocrystalline soft magnetic composites coated with lubricant

Here, the influence of zinc stearate on the microstructure and soft magnetic properties of the Finemet nanocrystalline soft magnetic composites (NSMCs) was systematically investigated. The results demonstrate that the core loss (P_cv) decreases and the effective permeability (μ_e) increases of the NSMCs with increasing zinc stearate from 0 wt% to 2.0 wt%, which can be attributed to the reduction of residual stress during compaction. Further increasing zinc stearate up to 3.0 wt%, the P_cv increases sharply, while the μ_e shows a decreasing trend. It can be considered that the addition of excess lubricant decomposes to CO₂ during annealing, which deteriorates the magnetic properties. After annealing at 560 °C, a thin hybrid layer of only about 53.6 nm containing iron phosphate, ZnO, and SiO₂ is formed in the NSMCs with 2.0 wt% zinc stearate, which exhibits excellent soft magnetic properties such as low P_cv of 174 kW/m³ and high μ_e of 66.7 at B_m = 0.1 T for 50 kHz. In addition, loss separation has been carried out and suggests that the addition of lubricant mainly affects hysteresis loss in the total energy loss of NSMCs.