铁氰化铈/还原石墨烯纳米材料的制备及其对水合肼的电化学检测

通过电沉积的方法,在玻碳电极表面上沉积铁氰化铈/石墨烯(Ce HCF/RGO)纳米复合材料。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对其形貌进行表征,发现其粒径大小均一。用循环伏安法(CV)研究水合肼在不同电极的电化学行为。结果表明,与RGO修饰电极(RGO/GCE)和铁氰化铈修饰电极(Ce HCF/GCE)相比,铁氰化铈/石墨烯复合物修饰电极对水合肼具有更好的电催化氧化性能。在一定条件下,它对水合肼响应的线性范围为2.87×10~(-7)~8.56×10~(-4)mol/L,检出限为8.5×10~(-8)mol/L。可用于水合肼的电化学传感检测。     

电化学法制备铁氰化铜/Nafion及其对卡托普利的检测

为对药片中卡托普利的含量进行精确测定,采用电聚合的方法,在玻碳电极表面沉积均匀分布的铁氰化铜/Nafion复合物。用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线能量色散光谱(EDX)分别对样品的形貌和成分进行表征。利用循环伏安法(CV)研究药物分子卡托普利在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。研究结果显示,该修饰电极对卡托普利具有非常好的电催化性能。一定条件下,卡托普利在6.62×10-5~3.80×10-3mol/L范围内,其氧化峰电流与物质量浓度呈现很好的线性关系,其相关系数是0.996,检出限为5.0×10-6mol/L。该修饰电极具有快速、灵敏和高效的特点,并且可用于卡托普利实际样品的检测。     

碳纳米管/铁氰化镍/聚苯胺杂化膜对抗坏血酸的电催化氧化

采用循环伏安一步共聚法在碳纳米管修饰的铂基体上制备了立方体的铁氰化镍/聚苯胺/碳纳米管杂化膜;采用循环伏安法和计时电流法测试了杂化膜对抗坏血酸的电催化氧化性能;通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了杂化膜电极的表观形貌。结果表明,该电极对抗坏血酸具有较高的电催化氧化活性;在0.1 mol/L PBS和0.1 mol/L KNO3的溶液中,该杂化膜电极对抗坏血酸的催化氧化电流与其浓度在1×10-5～1.4×10-4mol/L呈良好的线性关系,相关性系数R=0.996 6,检出限为6.09×10-6mol/L,同时具有较高的灵敏度754.8 mA.M-1.cm-2,并采用计时电流法对抗坏血酸催化氧化的扩散系数和催化速率常数进行了研究。     

合成扫速对聚苯胺/碳纳米管材料电容量性能的影响

采用循环伏安法在不锈钢上电化学制备碳纳米管/聚苯胺(CNTs/PANI)复合材料,并研究了不同扫速下(10、20、50、100、200mV/s)碳纳米管/聚苯胺复合材料的电化学性能。研究结果表明,复合材料中由于CNTs自身的大比表面积和强的导电率改善了复合物微观结构和导电性能,并且使聚苯胺更易电沉积到CNTs的表面形成核-壳结构,从而增加聚苯胺与电解液的接触机会。并且在扫速为20mV/s时生成的聚苯胺/碳纳米管膜具有导电率高,比容量大的电容性能,在22A/m2的电流密度下充放电测试,测其单电极比容量高达397F/g,远高于纯聚苯胺的比容量205F/g。     

复合电极中聚苯胺含量对超级电容器电化学性能的影响

采用原位复合法和界面聚合法分别制备了纤维状的聚苯胺/乙炔炭黑复合材料和聚苯胺,讨论了复合电极中聚苯胺含量对超级电容器电化学性能的影响。研究表明,复合电极材料中聚苯胺的含量不是影响其电化学性能的决定性因素。聚苯胺/乙炔炭黑复合电极(直径约200nm)在5mA/cm2和1mol/L的H2SO4溶液中首次充放电单电极比电容高达432F/g,该值比聚苯胺含量高的复合电极和直径相近纯聚苯胺电极的单极比电容值354和416F/g都高。     

铜钴镍铁氧体/聚苯胺复合物的制备及其电磁性能

采用水热法制备铜钴镍铁氧体粉末,通过原位聚合法制备具有改善电磁屏蔽性能的铜钴镍铁氧体/聚苯胺复合材料.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和热失重分析仪(TG)来表征该复合材料的形态和结构.研究结果表明,聚苯胺均匀包覆铜钴镍铁氧体,与原始的铜钴镍铁氧体和聚苯胺相比,铜钴镍铁氧体/聚苯胺复合材料显示出增强的屏蔽效果.当铜钴镍铁氧体含量为40％、涂层厚度为2.5 mm时,铜钴镍铁氧体/聚苯胺复合材料的最佳屏蔽效果达到-50 dB,这表明铜钴镍铁氧体/聚苯胺复合材料具有良好的电磁性能.     

纳米纤维素/碳纤维-聚苯胺/碳纳米管电极的制备

目的以纳米纤维素/碳纤维复合膜为导电基底,制备纳米纤维素/碳纤维-聚苯胺/碳纳米管超级电容器电极。方法利用超声处理和真空抽滤制备纳米纤维素/碳纤维复合膜;利用原位聚合法制备聚苯胺和聚苯胺/碳纳米管复合材料;通过真空抽滤法制备纳米纤维素/碳纤维-聚苯胺电极和纳米纤维素/碳纤维-聚苯胺/碳纳米管电极。结果在纳米纤维素/碳纤维复合膜中,碳纤维形成了互穿导电网络结构,是良好的超级电容器电极导电基体;纳米纤维素/碳纤维-聚苯胺/碳纳米管电极具有良好的电化学性能,在扫描速率为5 mV/s的条件下,质量比电容为380.74 F/g,且在1000次循环测试后,电容保留率为88.05%。结论以纳米纤维素/碳纤维导电复合膜作为基体制备的纳米纤维素/碳纤维-聚苯胺/碳纳米管电极具有良好的电化学性能,可以作为超级电容器电极。     

聚中性红/铁氰化镍/碳纳米管修饰电极的制备及其电催化过氧化氢的特性

采用循环伏安法在碳纳米管(CNTs)修饰的玻碳电极上合成聚中性红(PNR)/铁氰化镍(NiHCF)颗粒,并分别采用扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外(FTIR)、循环伏安法(CV)和计时安培电流法(CA)等方法考察了复合膜的微观形貌、结构和电化学催化性能。结果表明,复合膜为三维多孔有序的网络状结构,PNR和NiHCF以纳米颗粒形式存在并沿CNTs均匀分布。PNR/NiHCF/CNTs复合膜对过氧化氢(H2O2)表现出了优异的电催化性能并显示出了良好的协同效应。该复合膜电极对H2O2的催化还原电流与其浓度在6.25×10-6~3×10-3之间呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数R=0.9989,检出限为1×10-7mol/L,同时具有较高的灵敏度1 455.9 mA·L/(mol·cm2),并且复合膜有良好的稳定性和重现性,可实际应用于H2O2传感器。     

电沉积制备铁氰化镍/Nafion纳米粒子及其对葡萄糖的电化学检测

采用电沉积的方法,在玻碳电极表面快速电沉积均匀分布的铁氰化镍/Naion纳米粒子。用X射线能量色散光谱图(EDX)和扫描电镜(SEM)对样品进行了表征,然后采用循环伏安法对该修饰电极进行电化学研究。结果表明:该电极对葡萄糖具有良好的电催化氧化性能,对葡萄糖响应的线性范围为1.560×10~(-6)~10.32×10~(-3)mol/L(R~2=0.999),检出限为1.2μmol/L(S/N=3)。制得的修饰电极对葡萄糖的电催化具有灵敏度高、重现性好和选择性强的优点。     

不同氧化剂制备的聚苯胺/中间相炭微球复合物电化学性能研究

室温下,以二氧化锰和过硫酸铵为氧化剂,采用原位化学聚合法合成聚苯胺/中间相炭微球(PANI/MCMB)复合物。采用场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)和X射线粉末衍射(XRD)对其形貌结构进行表征。以PANI/MCMB复合物为电极活性物质,1.0mol/L H_2SO_4水溶液为电解液组装对称型超级电容器,用循环伏安法(CV)、电化学交流阻抗(EIS)、恒流充放电等测试手段测试超级电容器的电化学性能。结果表明,以二氧化锰为氧化剂制备的聚苯胺/中间相炭微球复合物(MPANI/MCMB),在电流密度为0.1A/g时,单电极比容量为336.4F/g。1 000次循环后比容量保持率为92.3%,比以过硫酸铵为氧化剂制备的聚苯胺/中间相炭微球复合物(NPANI/MCMB)具有更好的循环性能和更高的比容量。     

Electrochemical fabrication of polyaniline films containing gold nanoparticles deposited on titanium electrode for electro-oxidation of ascorbic acid

Polyaniline films prepared on titanium were employed as substrate for the electrodeposition of gold. The modified electrode was used as anode for the electro-oxidation of ascorbic acid. The electrochemical behavior and electro-catalytic activity of Au/PAni/Ti electrode were characterized by cyclic voltammetry. The morphology of the polyaniline film and gold coating on PAni/Ti electrode were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) techniques, respectively. Results indicated that gold nanoparticles were homogeneously dispersed on the surface of polyaniline film. The electro-oxidation of ascorbic acid is found to proceed more facile on Au/PAni/Ti electrode than on bare gold electrode. The irreversible oxidation current of ascorbic acid exhibits a linear dependence on the ascorbic acid concentration in the range of 1–5 mM.     

复合酸掺杂聚苯胺电极膜的制备及其电化学性能的研究

采用了恒电压法在不同的电解液中分别制备出硫酸(H2SO4)和复合酸(SSA+H2SO4)掺杂的聚苯胺(PAn)电极膜.通过循环伏安法(CV)、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和塔菲尔曲线(TAF),对H2SO4和复合酸掺杂聚苯胺电极膜的电化学稳定性、导电性以及耐腐蚀性进行了研究与表征.结果表明,复合酸掺杂的PAn电极膜具有较好的电化学稳定性、导电性以及较强的耐腐蚀性,更能满足实际应用的要求.     

Electrochemical Behavior of CoSb3-based Electrodes Using Binary PAni/PVDF Binder

The polyaniline （PAni）/polyvinylidene fluoride （PVDF） hybrid was served as a novel binder for CoSb3-based alloy electrode. The effect of PAni content on the electrochemical performances of the alloy electrode was investigated. It was found that the CoSb3 electrode using the binary PAni/PVDF binder exhibits higher reversible capacity than that using the single PVDF binder, especially in the initial cycles. As a result, the PAni/PVDF hybrid could be a promising binder for the alloy electrode.     

类普鲁士蓝空心微米管的通用性制备及其作为高性能非对称超级电容器的研究

在电化学储能领域,具有可控组成的一维空心结构纳米材料引起了人们的极大关注.本文以静电纺丝制备的聚丙烯腈(PAN)-醋酸钴(Co(Ac)2)纳米纤维为模板,首次采用简易的自模板法制备了一维铁氰化钴(CoHCF)空心微米管.PAN-Co(Ac)2纳米纤维模板与铁氰化钾溶液反应,合成了核壳结构的PAN-Co(Ac)2@CoHCF纳米纤维;随后,选择性溶解去除PAN-Co(Ac)2芯部,从而得到CoHCF空心微米管.得益于其独特的结构优势,CoHCF空心微米管电极在Na2SO4电解液中表现出优异的电化学性能,如高比电容(281.8 F g^-1@1 A g^-1),良好的速率性能和长时间循环稳定性(5000次循环后电容保持率为93%).由CoHCF为正极和活性炭(AC)为负极组装的非对称超级电容器,具有43.9 W h kg^-1的高能量密度、20 k W kg^-1的功率密度以及长的循环寿命.更重要的是,这种通用性的自模板合成策略可以推广到其他组成可控的一维空心普鲁士蓝(PB)及其类似物(PBA)材料,因而在很多领域具有广泛的应用前景.     

导电聚3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩的制备及性能

以水为溶剂,分别选用对甲苯磺酸钠、高氯酸锂、硫酸钠为支持电解质,用电化学法合成聚3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩(PEDOT)膜。采用线性扫描伏安法(LSV)确定了合适的聚合电位;采用循环伏安法(CV)、电化学交流阻抗谱(EIS)研究了PEDOT膜的电化学行为。结果表明,掺杂阴离子种类对膜的循环伏安特性、EIS曲线等有很大的影响;此外研究了掺杂不同阴离子的PEDOT膜对电极的粘接性能,发现粘接性能也与阴离子种类有关。     

Silver nanoparticles dispersed in polyaniline matrixes coated on titanium substrate as a novel electrode for electro-oxidation of hydrazine

Silver nanoparticles dispersed in polyaniline matrixes coated on titanium substrate, as a novel electrode, was easily synthesized by electro-polymerization of aniline on titanium and then electrodeposited silver nanoparticles on PAni electrode. The electrochemical behavior and electro-catalytic activity of silver nanoparticles/PAni/Ti electrodes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry. The morphology of silver nanoparticles on PAni/Ti electrodes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray techniques, respectively. Results indicated that silver nanoparticles with a diameter of about 40–70 nm were homogeneously dispersed on the surface of polyaniline film. The silver nanoparticles/PAni/Ti electrodes were examined for electro-catalytic activity toward oxidation of hydrazine. The results show that these modified electrodes are highly active for electro-catalytic oxidation of hydrazine.     

不同形貌的甲酸掺杂聚苯胺的电容性能

采用界面聚合法,用FeCl3作氧化剂,不同浓度的HCOOH做掺杂剂,制备了不同形貌聚苯胺纳米材料,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM),X射线衍射(XRD)对聚苯胺的结构和形貌进行了表征。以聚苯胺为活性物质制备电极,1mol/LH2SO4水溶液为电解液组装超级电容器,通过循环伏安法和恒电流充放电技术研究了其电化学性能。结果表明,通过控制HCOOH的浓度可以得到不同形貌的HCOOH掺杂的聚苯胺纳米材料;其中纤维状的聚苯胺作为电极材料的超级电容器在15mA/cm2放电电流下,其比电容为292.2F/g,500次循环后容量仍维持在200.6F/g,比电容保持率为68.7%。     

Fabrication of self-assembled polyaniline films by doping-induced deposition

The ultrathin films of polyaniline (PAni)/poly (styrenesulfonic acid)(PSSA) were fabricated via a novel self-assembling process by alternately immersing the substrates into dilute PAni solution in N-methylpyrrolidinone (NMP) and the aqueous solution of PSSA. The process was characterized by UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy. It was found that the oxidation state of polyaniline in single monolayers was dependent on the thickness of the film. The self-assembling mechanism was based on the acid-base reaction between PAni and PSSA. The thickness of the films can be easily manipulated at nanometer scale by controlling the solution chemistry and recycling times. The resulting films are uniform and adhere strongly to the substrates.     

钠离子电池HOPG负极固体电解质界面膜的AFM研究

固体电解质界面膜(Solid Electrolyte Interphase, SEI)在钠离子电池(Sodium Ion Battery, NIB)中扮演着重要作用。迄今为止, 对于钠离子电池SEI膜的探索仍然十分有限。本研究利用电化学原子力显微镜(Electrochemical AFM, EC-AFM), 通过循环伏安法研究了钠离子电池负极材料高定向热解石墨(Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite, HOPG), 在碳酸乙烯酯(Ethylene Carbonate, EC)和氟代碳酸乙烯酯(Fluoroethylene Carbonate, FEC)电解液中首次充放电过程SEI膜的结构变化。通过纳米刻蚀的方法, 进一步获得首次充放电结束后SEI的厚度。结合X射线光电子能谱(X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, XPS)分析了HOPG在EC和FEC电解液中所形成的SEI膜的化学组成区别。研究结果表明, 在EC电解液中, 所生成的SEI膜在HOPG表面非台阶处较薄, 但在HOPG的台阶处较厚; 在FEC电解液中, 所生成的SEI膜很厚, 具有明显的双层结构。其中上层是由体积较大的颗粒组成, 下层则由致密的小颗粒组成。     

Doping effect of polyaniline/MWCNT composites on capacitance and cyclic stability of supercapacitors

Polyaniline doped by Zn2+ ions was synthesized as nanocomposites with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) by in-situ oxidative polymerization and investigated as electrode material for supercapacitors. The uniform coating of polyaniline on MWCNT was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The effect of Zn2+ ions on nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The electrochemical performances were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), constant current charging/discharging cyclic test (CC) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) using a three-electrode system. The doped polyaniline composites show higher specific capacitance and better cyclic stability.