自由曲面的平面映射原理及其算法

论述空间曲面的平面映射定义及其变形;分析了空间曲面的几种近似映射方法,并同时分析了各种映射方法的优缺点;针对在空间曲面应用最广泛的NURBS曲面,提出了NURBS曲面的混合映射算法;讨论了小曲率NURBS曲面平面映射的算法,并将该算法成功地应用于花纹鞋模的设计中。     

曲面实体造型中曲线和曲面交点的求解

求交是曲面实体造型系统中影响拼合算法效率和稳定性的重要因素,而求交算法又是和曲面的几何表示密切相关的。ＮＵＲＢＳ虽然能统一表示所有曲面,但却给二次曲面的求交带来了不必要的复杂性。二次曲面经常在机械零件的设计中被用来描述轴、孔、槽等几何特征,因此它们的求交算法应具有高精度、高效率和高稳定性。为此,对一种实用的二次曲面表示方法——几何法进行了深入研究后,给出了构成二次曲面轮廓的几种二次曲线和空间四次曲线与二次曲面交点的求法。     

三维动态脚型测量方法

基于多视几何原理来恢复和重建随时间变化的三维柔性物体是当前计算机视觉和三维扫描领域的研究热点之一,本文利用主动式标记点方法,提出并实现了在三维模型指导下鲁棒地从多视点视频中恢复和重建三维脚型的方法.它首先基于传统立体视觉方法重建出参考帧中的三维脚模型,然后在此基础上,通过构建三维模型顶点运动投影的速度矢量场来建立相邻帧...     

Three-dimensional surface mapping simulator: theory,capabilities and operation

The design of a software system is described which simulates active three-dimensional (3D) optical mensuration by a/lowing user input of the coefficients of an arbitrary-dimension 3D polynomial surface, geometrical parameters relating the relative orientations of the active (projector) and passive cameras, and the pattern (s) to be projected by the active camera. Outputs are the resulting passive image and corresponding surface map. This simulator provides a useful tool for exploring the theoretical, conceptual and practical bases underlying active stereo vision, and allows simple stereo-vision experiments without a large investment in camera, computer and optical hardware.     

End mill design and machining via cutting simulation

This paper describes a design process for an end mill. A solid model of the designed cutter is constructed together with the computation of the cutter’s geometry, wheel geometry, and wheel positioning data for fabricating end mills with the required cutter geometry. The main idea of the process is to use the cutting simulation method to obtain the machined shape of an end mill by using Boolean operations between a given grinding wheel and a cylindrical workpiece (raw stock). The major design parameters of a cutter, such as rake angle and inner radius, can be verified by interrogating the section profile of its solid model. This study investigates the relationship between various dimensional parameters and proposes an iterative approach to obtain the required geometry of a grinding wheel and cutter location (CL) data for machining an end mill that satisfies the design parameters. This research was implemented using a commercial computer aided design (CAD) system with API function programming and is currently used by a commercial tool maker in Korea. It can eliminate the need to produce a physical prototype during the design stage and can be used in virtual cutting tests and analyses.     

螺旋曲面的等距曲面

考察了螺旋曲面生成两种等距曲面的方法：由螺旋面直接作等距曲面,由螺旋遄的端面型线生成等距曲线,再由等距曲线生成螺旋面,提出了截向等距曲面的概念,指出了与通常意义下的等距曲面之间的关系,并给出了它们之间的关系表达式。最后的实例表明,两种等距曲面的互不蕴含关系。两种方法在具有自主版权的三维造型系统Ｇｅｍｓ５．０中得到实现。     

回转曲面的可展切曲面

论文系统地提出了构造回转曲面的可展切曲面及它们间映射分析的理论与方法,建立了回转曲面可展切柱面和可展切锥面的数学模型以及曲面间的映射关系。根据回转曲面及其可展切曲面间微分长度比的理论分析,推出了映射中极值映射曲线和等距映射曲线的微分方程,通过整体和局部的变形分析,可以准确地掌握回转曲面与其可展切曲面间映射中的变形情况。     

基于交线存储的快速实体边界生成算法

随着ＣＡＤ技术的日益普及，越来越复杂的设计对象进入系统，这就不可避免地导致了系统时空优化问题。目前实体造型中的主要表示方法，即边界模型及构造模型，由于各自特写的结构，无法较好地满足实际工程的需要。本文通过分析实体边界构造过程，提出了一个基个交线存储的实体存储方式及边界重构算法，该方法具有实体数据存储空间小，边界生成速度快等特点，较好地解决了系统存在的时空优化问题。     

Open GL及其在曲面作图系统中的应用

介绍了Open GL的功能,特点,利用它强大的三维图形同功能,以VC＋＋作为开发环境,给出了曲面作图系统的设计步骤和实现方法。     

3D虚拟仿真技术在体育馆购票系统开发中的应用研究

传统体育馆售票方式无法使购票者在购票时实时感知座位的具体视角。本文提出一种解决思路,其基本思想是根据设计图纸提取场馆的拓扑结构和几何信息,并对场馆三维建模,虚拟仿真体育馆内部场景,再使用OpenGL库函数将模型导入系统来实现场景旋转、转换和购票等人机交互操作。为使用户在购票时更好地感受逼真的三维视角效果,运用画法几何中射线和三角形求交算法解决三维仿真交互中座位定位等问题。     

ILS机载设备功能验证模型构建与仿真

在航电任务系统地面功能验证过程中,围绕仪表着陆系统(Instrument Landing System,ILS)的逻辑建模、几何建模与程序仿真,深入分析了 ILS的工作原理,建立其在三维空间运行的几何模型,通过程序化仿真其与飞机位置的相对运行过程,计算得出水平航向引导和垂直下滑引导的动态数据.该模型计算数据既能够作为激励数据源,支持航电系统中ILS和显控等机载设备的交联验证,也可作为仿真设备代替机载ILS设备独立工作.经过分析,该方法同样适用于微波着陆系统(Microwave Landing System,MLS)的功能验证工作,并能够根据需要开展CATⅠ/Ⅱ/Ⅲ类多个等级条件下的盲降测试,对提高实际检验效率具有极大的应用价值和推广前景.     

黄瓜叶几何造型研究

根据黄瓜叶的三维形态特征,利用3次Bezier曲线描述黄瓜叶柄曲线,采用五边形作为叶柄截面,用四边形面片进行叶柄表面拼接,并用随机方法生成叶柄的粗毛;利用C0连续的3次NURBS曲面拼接生成了黄瓜叶片曲面,实现了黄瓜叶的三维重建。结果表明,该方法具有可控性高、参数少、灵活度高等特点。     

Stellar Mesh Simplification Using Probabilistic Optimization

This paper proposes the stellar mesh simplification method, a fast implementation of the Four‐Face Cluster (FFC) algorithm. In this method, a probabilistic optimization heuristic substitutes the priority queue of the original method, which results in a 40% faster algorithm with the same order of distortion. It extends naturally to a progressive and/or multiresolution scheme for combinatorial surfaces. This work also presents a simple way to encode the hierarchy of the resulting multiresolution meshes. This work also focuses on important aspects for the development of a practical and robust implementation of this simplification technique, and on the analysis of the influence of the parameters.     

钛合金常规加工的有限元模拟

为验证不同Johnson-Cook本构参数对钛合金切削仿真的可靠性,基于AdvantEdge建立钛合金的二维正交切削仿真模型。然后将查找文献得到的不同钛合金本构参数与实验进行对比,分析切削过程中切削力和最高切削温度的误差。发现AdvantEdge软件的自定义Johnson-Cook本构在钛合金的切削仿真过程中,不同本构参数存在相对误差过大的问题,需要后续调节参数减小与实验的误差。     

Affine shape representation from motion through reference points

This paper shows how an affine representation of spatial configuration is obtained from a pair of projection views. Calibration of cameras and knowledge of the camera's motion are not necessary; however, some preselected reference points and their correspondences are needed. Projective and affine geometry invariants are trickily manipulated to do the affine reconstruction. The method is thus geometrically constructive. When it is compared with the solution proposed in 1989 by J.J. Koenderink and A.J. Van Doorn (Affine Structure from Motion, Technical Report, Utrect University), the method provides a viewpoint-independent affine representation under parallel projections. Further, we investigate the central-projection case in which, with three additional special reference points, the same affine reconstruction can be done. We also discuss some important applications of this viewpoint independence of shape representation.     

A review of deformable surfaces: topology, geometry and deformation

Deformable models have raised much interest and found various applications in the fields of computer vision and medical imaging. They provide an extensible framework to reconstruct shapes. Deformable surfaces, in particular, are used to represent 3D objects. They have been used for pattern recognition [Computer Vision and Image Understanding 69(2) (1998) 201; IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 19(10) (1997) 1115], computer animation [ACM Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH'87) 21(4) (1987) 205], geometric modelling [61][Computer Aided Design (CAD) 24(4) (1992) 178], simulation [Visual Computer 16(8) (2000) 437], boundary tracking [ACM Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH'94) (1994) 185], image segmentation [Computer Integrated Surgery, Technology and Clinical Applications (1996) 59; IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 14 (1995) 442; Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Virtual Reality and Robotics in Medicine (CVRMed-MRCAS'97) 1205 (1997) 13; Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention (MICCAI'99) 1679 (1999) 176; Medical Image Analysis 1(1) (1996) 19], etc. In this paper we propose a survey on deformable surfaces. Many surface representations have been proposed to meet different 3D reconstruction problem requirements. We classify the main representations proposed in the literature and we study the influence of the representation on the model evolution behavior, revealing some similarities between different approaches.     

低开销的海面模型

传统的海面模拟从提高局部海浪效果的角度出发,通过大量的类正弦波或噪声波的叠加来模拟连续的海浪,导致算法复杂度很高。针对该问题,提出了一种海面模拟模型LOSM（Low-consumption Ocean Simulation Model）,该模型分别对海浪和海洋整体运动进行独立建模,通过将模型函数进行叠加的方法,将两者有机地结合在一起建立海面模型;设计了海面模拟算法,采用凹凸映射方法进行海浪的模拟,采用少量小波幅的正弦函数叠加的方法模拟海洋的整体运动。实验结果表明,该方法不仅视觉效果良好,而且可节省大量的资源。     

基于任意骨架的隐式曲面造型技术

给出了一个新的基于任意多面体网格骨架的构造性自由曲面造型算法.算法首先由每个给定骨架构造出一个距离场,然后利用隐函数光滑过渡技术和CSG(constructive solid geometry)表示技术将所构造的隐式曲面自由地两两粘合成一张光滑曲面.隐式曲面的多边形化算法则用来生成最终曲面网格.以任意骨架作为基本体素,突破了传统隐式曲面以点为基本骨架的限制.而且,距离曲面很好地逼近了原骨架形状,使用户可直观地对复杂曲面进行交互设计.而形变函数的引入,则极大地丰富了此方法的造型能力.实验结果表明,基于该算法的原型系统能够方便、直观地构造复杂的自由曲面.