树脂结合剂金刚石线锯的涂覆层研究

针对树脂结合剂金刚石线锯磨粒把持强度低、耐磨性和耐热性差等问题,通过正交试验,配制了不同组分配比的涂覆层,制作了树脂结合剂金刚石线锯,并进行了单晶硅切割试验,试验研究了涂覆层各组分对树脂锯丝性能的影响。试验结果表明,当涂覆层中环氧树脂与酚醛树脂的质量比为2.5:1、增韧剂CTBN质量分数为13%、偶联剂KH-550质量分数为1%、纳米SiO₂的质量分数为3%、金刚石磨粒含量为500 mg/mL时,制作的树脂结合剂金刚石线锯在材料去除率、磨损率、涂覆层结合力、切割表面质量等方面综合性能最优。      

面向工程陶瓷的单颗金刚石磨粒划擦磨损规律

为了研究工程陶瓷平面磨削中金刚石砂轮的磨粒磨损规律,制备圆锥形单颗粒金刚石磨具模拟实际磨粒切削刃。以金刚石磨粒的尖端圆弧半径表征磨粒切削刃锋利程度与磨削能力,并用圆弧半径的磨损规律等效描述切削刃磨损特性。采用基于扫描电镜与数据拟合的技术测量单颗磨粒金刚石尖端圆弧半径。运用单因素试验及正交试验分析了金刚石颗粒尖端形状、材料种类与加工参数对磨粒磨损规律的影响。实验结果表明,当顶锥角2θ为120°、磨削深度ap0.01 mm时,金刚石磨粒具有较高划擦寿命。各因素的影响主次顺序为:顶锥角>磨削深度>工作台速度。本研究为金刚石砂轮磨粒规格和磨削用量的选取提供了重要参考。     

3D打印金属基金刚石复合材料的试验研究

传统方法制造金属基金刚石复合材料工具时,存在胎体对金刚石包镶强度不够、金刚石有效出刃高度小和难以制造具有特殊复杂结构的金刚石工具等问题,而3D打印技术为金属基金刚石复合材料的设计与制造提供了新的发展契机。本研究从金属材料、激光选区熔化（selective laser melting,SLM）成型工艺参数和金刚石参数3方面进行优选,开展SLM成型金属基复合材料的可行性试验,并进一步开展金属基金刚石复合材料的SLM成型试验。结果表明:采用SLM成型技术可提高金属基金刚石复合材料的性能。但同时,新技术的应用也还存在一些不足之处,需要针对性的深入研究。      

金属结合剂金刚石磨具的研究进展

本文介绍了各种金属结合剂的性能、主要配方体系和应用范围,概述了金属结合剂金刚石磨具的制备方法：烧结法、电镀法、单层钎焊法。重点综述了国内外改善烧结金属结合剂金刚石磨具中结合剂对金刚石把持力所采取的主要措施和最新研究进展,并对金属结合剂金刚石磨具的发展作了进一步展望。     

金刚石磨粒工具增材制造技术现状及展望

金刚石磨粒工具是工程陶瓷、玻璃、半导体等硬脆材料高效精密加工的重要手段。日益提升的零件制造质量、成型要求和加工效率给金刚石磨粒工具带来了巨大挑战,工具结构改进已成为应对这一挑战的关键,但却给工具制造带来了难题。近年来,增材制造技术因其优异的复杂结构成型能力而备受关注。采用增材制造技术进行金刚石磨粒工具制备也已被业界视为解决复杂结构磨具高效成型的潜在手段并成为研究热点。立足于目前已有的相关研究报道,以光固化成型技术（SLA）、选择性激光烧结技术（SLS）、激光选区熔化技术（SLM）为主,总结现有增材制造技术在金刚石磨粒工具制备方面的研究进展,分析其在制造工艺上的不同特点,并对未来利用该类技术制备金刚石磨粒工具进行展望与建议。     

超硬材料系列镀覆产品及应用

以真空微蒸发镀覆技术为核心，围绕各类高性能超硬材料工具的不断开发应用，目前已经形成了超硬磨料镀覆系列产品。包括镀覆一层金属的超硬磨料，如镀钛、镀钨的金刚石；镀覆合金的超硬磨料，如镀钛－铬合金的金刚石；真空微蒸发镀覆之后再经电镀形成的多层复合超硬磨料，如复合镀Ti-Ni的金刚石等。这些系列镀覆产品分别适用于金属粉末烧结工具、钎焊工个和树脂结合剂工具，以于提高工具质量、降低制造成本和新产品开发有显著作用。新近研制成功的一种适用于树脂结合剂工具的刚玉涂覆的超硬磨料，克服了镀镍、镀铜超硬磨料镀覆成本高及使工具变钝的缺点，是树脂工具升级换代的新产品。     

Investigation and improvement of wear nonuniformity of diamond tools in sawing granite

Sawing experiments were accomplished to discuss the wear characteristics at different parts of diamond tools in the process of sawing granite in this paper. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and 3D laser microscope were main detection means for the morphology of diamond tools. Synthetic investigation on the abrasion performance of segments was developed from aspects of the wear appearance of diamond particle and metal bond, the particle protrusion height and the residual height of segments. The results indicated that smaller residual height and larger proportion of macro-fractured and pull out crystal were exhibited at the front end of traditional diamond segment compared with the rear end. Morphology characteristics of diamond tools demonstrated different abrasion mechanism, flush erosion and cavitation was the main wear mechanism for the front end, while abrasive wear was the main wear mechanism for the rear end. Maximum undeformed chip thickness per diamond particle for the front end was larger than that of the rear end due to the existence of slot, the same was true for the load of single diamond particle. By reasonably matching of diamond particles and matrix bond, the abnormal failure efficiency of the diamond particles at the front of the segment was effectively reduced and the wear uniformity of the saw tooth surface was greatly improved. Suggestions on the design of diamond tools and test verification were put forward in the end.     

钎焊单层金刚石磨具的研究进展

钎焊单层金刚石磨具的研究和应用在国内外越来越受重视,与电镀单层金刚石磨具相比,钎焊单层金刚石磨具具有金刚石出刃高、容屑空间大、金刚石与基体之间的结合强度高等无可比拟的优点。从钎焊机理、钎料选择和钎焊工艺流程三方面介绍国内外钎焊单层金刚石磨具的研究现状,并分析大批量制造单层金刚石磨具存在的问题,指出下一步的研究有四项关键技术值得关注:钎料厚度的实用化控制、优质钎料的开发、钢基体受热变形、金刚石磨粒有序排布技术,为钎焊单层金刚石磨具的产业化提供借鉴。     

单层磨料凝胶抛光垫的加工性能研究

目的 研究单层磨料凝胶抛光垫的加工性能,为提高磨料利用率以及降低磨料对凝胶基体的破坏提供解决思路.方法 使用自行搭建的测力装置,对磨粒与基体的界面结合强度进行研究,分析磨料粒度和偶联剂对界面结合强度的影响,研究磨料粒度和结合剂厚度对磨粒附着的影响,并将制备的单层磨料凝胶抛光垫与常规多层磨料凝胶抛光垫分别在湿抛光和干抛光工艺条件下加工碳化硅衬底,对比两者的材料去除率、表面粗糙度和工具的磨损情况.结果 200/230目金刚石磨粒的界面结合强度是80/100目的4倍有余,添加偶联剂后,80/100目金刚石磨料与基体的界面结合强度提高了75％.粗粒度的W40多层磨料容易破坏凝胶基体的结构,而细粒度的W5单层磨料不会破坏凝胶基体结构,且单层磨料工具的凝胶体涂覆厚度应低于0.6 mm.湿抛光条件下,单层磨料工具能达到多层磨料工具的抛光效果;干抛光条件下,单层磨料工具的材料去除率相比多层磨料工具提升11.5％;湿抛光和干抛光条件下,单层磨料凝胶工具的耐磨性都显著强于多层磨料工具.结论 单层磨料凝胶工具在湿抛光条件下具有与多层磨粒凝胶工具等效的加工能力,但是在干抛光条件下,单层磨料凝胶工具的加工能力和使用寿命要显著优于多层磨料凝胶工具.     

Analysis of the manufacturing chain of CVD diamond coated shaft type cutting tools

Hypereutectic aluminium silicon alloys, e.g. casted AlSi17Cu4Mg, are commonly used in the automotive and aeronautical industries. These alloys consist of hard, abrasive silicon particles in a soft aluminium matrix and thus place high mechanical loads on the tool during machining processes. Polycrystalline Diamond or CVD (chemical vapour deposition) diamond based cutting tools can be used for the high speed machining of these alloys due to their high hardness and wear resistance. Diamond thin film coatings of different film morphologies are commonly applied on cemented carbide tools using Hot Filament CVD. The distinguishing characteristic to other coatings is utmost hardness resulting in high resistance to abrasion, low tendency to adhesion and low friction coefficient. The manufacturing of CVD diamond coated shaft type cutting tools is challenging due to the complex design of the cutting edges and the demanding stress behaviour during tool application. The influencing parameters of substrate type, chemical and mechanical substrate pre-treatment as well as diamond film modification on the tool cutting performance are discussed. The manufacturing route of CVD diamond coated thread milling drills is analysed with the use of material and tribological tests. The complex thread manufacturing tools are then applied in the machining of AlSi17Cu4Mg, whereby the tool performance is characterised with respect to their wear behaviour, the process forces and temperatures as well as the workpiece quality.     

Comparative investigation of smooth polycrystalline diamond films on dental burs by chemical vapor deposition

Depositions of hot filament chemical vapor-deposited diamond on cobalt-cemented tungsten carbide (WC-Co) rotary cutting dental burs are presented. Conventional dental tools made of sintered polycrystalline diamond have a number of problems associated with the heterogeneity of the crystallite, decreased cutting efficiency, and short life. A preferential (111) faceted diamond was obtained after 15 h of deposition at a growth rate of 1.1 μm/h. Diamond-coated WC-Co dental burs and conventional sintered burs are mainly used in turning, milling, and drilling operations for machining metal ceramic hard alloys such as CoCr, composite teeth, and aluminum alloy in the dental laboratory. The influence of structure, the mechanical characteristics of both diamond grains and hard alloys on the wear behavior, as well as the regimen of grinding on diamond wear are considered. Erosion wear properties are also investigated under air-sand erosion testing. After machining with excessive cutting performance, calculations can be made on flank and crater wear areas. Diamond-coated WC-Co dental burs offered significantly better erosion and wear resistance compared with uncoated WC-Co tools and sintered burs. This paper was presented at the fourth International Surface Engineering Congress and Exposition held August 1–3, 2005 in St. Paul, MN.     

PVA/PF复合凝胶磨具精密磨削碳化硅陶瓷工艺实验研究

目的 针对传统粉末热压成形细粒度金刚石磨具存在颗粒团聚、磨削碳化硅陶瓷容易在表面产生较深划痕的问题,提出一种基于冷冻-解冻凝胶成形的细粒度金刚石磨具,用于精密磨削碳化硅陶瓷,并研究其加工工艺.方法 制备聚乙烯醇-酚醛树脂复合凝胶胶水,将金刚石和填料在凝胶胶水中剪切分散,得到的浆料浇筑在模具中,在–20℃低温条件下反复冷...     

SLM成形316L工艺对滑动磨损特性及硬度的影响

目的提高选区激光熔化(SLM)成形316L不锈钢的耐磨性和硬度。方法在能量密度为50～110 J/mm~3、扫描间距为0.04～0.12 mm范围内,改变能量密度和扫描间距两种工艺参数,采用选择性激光熔化技术(SLM)制备了12种316L不锈钢试样。通过表面粗糙度测量、孔隙率测量、销盘摩擦试验和布氏硬度试验,研究了工艺参数对SLM成形316L不锈钢试样的摩擦磨损特性和硬度的影响。结果能量密度为90 J/mm~3且扫描间距为0.12 mm时,表面粗糙度Ra最小,为5700 nm。孔隙率范围为12.35%～0.94%,扫描间距为0.12 mm的试样的孔隙率比扫描间距为0.04 mm和0.08 mm的孔隙率小。扫描间距不变时,孔隙率随能量密度增大而减小。能量密度为50 J/mm~3时,扫描间距为0.12 mm的试样的摩擦系数和磨损率比扫描间距为0.04 mm和0.08 mm的要小;能量密度不变时,扫描间距为0.12 mm的试样硬度比扫描间距为0.04mm和0.08 mm的试样高。结论改变扫描间距和能量密度会直接影响成形试样的表面粗糙度、孔隙率。研究范围内,表面粗糙度和孔隙率随扫描间距增大而减小。孔隙率与磨损量及硬度存在相关性:孔隙率越小,硬度越大,磨损率越小。因此,合理选择工艺参数可以降低孔隙率,进而提高表面质量,降低磨损率,增大硬度。     

Cu含量对激光选区熔化CoCrMoCu合金微观组织及表面摩擦磨损性能的影响

目的 阐明不同Cu含量对激光选区熔化(Selective Laser Melting,SLM)制备的CoCrMoCu合金微观组织的影响及其在表面摩擦磨损和腐蚀性能使役行为方面的作用。方法 采用Co CrMo合金粉和纯Cu粉通过行星球磨机进行机械混合,制备了Cu质量分数为2%、4%、6%的CoCrMo/Cu混合粉末,并通过SLM技术制备相应的试样。对不同Cu含量的SLMCoCrMoCu的相组成、微观结构、硬度、摩擦磨损和腐蚀性能进行检测和分析。结果 Cu含量对SLMCoCrMoCu的相组成和微观组织没有明显影响,在不同Cu含量的试样中,试样的微观组织均主要为胞状等轴晶。在力学性能方面,随着Cu含量的升高,试样的硬度先提升后降低,在含2%Cu的情况下达到最大值(429.2HV0.2),在含6%Cu的情况下达到最小值(367.7HV0.2)。CoCrMoCu的摩擦因数和磨损率随着Cu含量的升高而降低,在4%时摩擦因数和磨损率达到最低(2.7×10^-5 mm³/(N·m)),摩擦磨损性能最好。随着Cu质量分数进一步增加到6%,由于硬度降低,磨损性能下...     

聚晶金刚石的研究进展与展望

聚晶金刚石(polycrystalline diamond,PCD)是以金刚石为骨架材料,以结合剂为黏结材料,在高压高温条件下烧结而成的复合材料.因其拥有优异的硬度与良好的耐磨性能,被广泛应用于刀具、拉丝模等领域.本文概述了PCD的结合剂种类、制备方法、影响性能的因素,分别介绍了金属型、陶瓷型和金属–陶瓷型等3种不同结...     

纳米金刚石粒径对Ni-P化学复合镀层耐磨性和耐腐蚀性的影响

为提高化学镀镀层的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性,采用化学镀制备含不同粒径的纳米金刚石Ni-P-D复合镀层,通过SEM、XRD、摩擦磨损试验、磨粒磨损试验和电化学试验,探究纳米金刚石粒径对Ni-P镀层微观形貌、力学性能、摩擦磨损性能、磨粒磨损性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响。经化学复合镀可以得到与基体结合良好,厚度约为30 μm,含纳米金刚石的Ni-P-D复合镀层;含50 nm 金刚石的Ni-P-D复合镀层的硬度最高,抗摩擦磨损和磨粒磨损性能最好;随着纳米金刚石粒径减小,Ni-P-D复合镀层的摩擦系数和抗腐蚀能力提高,含5 nm金刚石的Ni-P-D复合镀层的摩擦系数最小,抗腐蚀能力最强。      

微粉金刚石表面镀钛对钎焊磨具性能的影响

在微粉金刚石磨具的制备过程中,金刚石热损伤和磨粒与结合剂间界面特性是影响磨具性能的主要因素。利用电铸与钎焊相结合的工艺把表面镀钛和未镀钛两种微粉金刚石磨料制备成磨具,并将其用于氧化铝陶瓷的磨削试验。通过对钎焊后金刚石磨粒与钎料的界面分析,磨削力、磨粒脱落率以及工件表面粗糙度的比较,探讨磨粒表面镀钛对钎焊微粉金刚石磨具性能的影响。结果表明,镀钛微粉金刚石表面镀层在钎焊过程中对微粉金刚石起到包裹隔离的作用,可以降低微粉金刚石的热损伤和石墨化;在利用两种钎焊微粉金刚石磨具磨削氧化铝陶瓷时,镀钛微粉金刚石磨具的磨削力较小,磨料的脱落率也较少,且工件表面粗糙度值更低。综合比较,磨粒表面镀钛后,可以减弱微粉金刚石的热损伤,提高磨具的磨削性能。     

悬浮上砂金刚石线锯的锯切性能试验分析

采用不同上砂位置的悬浮上砂电镀金刚石线锯对单晶硅进行锯切试验,记录锯切时间,计算锯切效率,对比不同上砂位置锯丝的锯切性能。用扫描电镜对锯丝上砂及磨损情况进行观测,用表面粗糙度仪对硅片表面粗糙度进行测量。试验结果表明:不同上砂位置的锯丝的磨粒密度相差较大,上砂位置靠近上砂槽体中心的锯丝磨粒密度最大;磨粒密度较大的锯丝的锯切效率较高。磨粒密度为585 颗/mm的锯丝锯切效率为4.949 mm2/min,比磨粒密度为446 颗/mm的锯丝锯切效率(2.158 mm2/min)提高了138%;用磨粒密度不同的锯丝加工出的硅片表面质量差别不大;锯丝的磨损及损伤形式主要是磨粒的磨损、磨粒的脱落及锯丝镀层的磨损与损伤。      

Laser machining of WC-Co green compacts for cutting tools manufacturing

Nowadays, conventional machining of WC-Co green compacts is used in industries in order to achieve desired dimensions, complex geometries and good surface quality. However, conventional machining presents some problems, namely tool wear, tool breakage, chatter, vibration and deflection besides mechanically induced damage to the compact. Laser machining is a promising approach to machine WC-Co green compacts, since it is performed without contact and allows great flexibility for producing several geometries, high material removal rate, good surface quality and precision, also for complex shapes. It also allows the production of details smaller than 0.2 mm, hardly manufactured by conventional machining, due to the brittle nature of cutting tools of very small dimensions. Due to the abovementioned reasons, laser machining presents a great potential for lowering the production costs of cemented carbide tools.This work addresses the laser machining of WC-Co green compacts, using a Nd:YAG laser and performing different strategies and combinations of laser parameters to obtain different types of profiles (grooves, areas and specific geometries).Results showed that an effective laser machining of WC-Co green compacts is attained when using laser power of 3 W, scan speed of 128 mm/s, 8 passages and line spacing of 0.08 mm. These parameters were effective for obtaining around 800 μm depth geometries, where the addition of a finishing step (1.5 W, 256 mm/s and 8 passages) improved the quality of the edge of the machined geometry. The laser machined compacts were sintered using a SinterHIP process and no undesirable phases were detected, as eta-phase or graphite.     

基于CNN的金刚石砂轮激光修锐参数优化

采用正交试验法对青铜金刚石砂轮进行激光修锐试验,并对其激光修锐参数进行优化。通过卷积神经网络（convolutional neural network,CNN）对砂轮表面图片进行像素级的金刚石磨粒识别,提取磨粒面积信息,求出磨粒突出高度,利用统计分布规律得到突出高度得分和最佳区间比率2个激光修锐质量评价指标。利用提出的评价指标对试验得到的砂轮激光修锐图片进行质量评价,并进行极差分析。结果表明:平均功率是影响修锐质量最大的因素。最优的修锐工艺参数为:平均功率,35 W;重复频率,100 kHz;转速,300 r/min;扫描速度,1.0 mm/min。