ARCHITECT: A layered framework for classifying technologies of event-based systems

In the past decade, event-based systems (EBS) have received increasing attention from various communities. Central to these systems is the notion of event, which is often generally considered as “a happening of interest”. An EBS encompasses a large range of functionalities on various technological levels (e.g., language, execution, or communication). Existing approaches vary in the scope of implemented functionality and underlying technical concepts. For this reason, comparing EBS solutions is a challenging task. Furthermore, the lack of a unified view on EBS poses challenges to system architects in choosing and combining technologies for building event-based systems.     

Dispatching rule for non-identical parallel machines with sequence-dependent setups and quality restrictions

This paper proposes a dispatching rule that guarantees a predetermined minimum quality level for non-identical parallel machines with multiple product types. Manufacturers are focusing on improving the overall quality of their products, as the demand for top quality products is increasing. Such changes increase the possibility of neglecting another crucial factor in manufacturing schedules, namely due date. Traditionally, jobs are dispatched with the focus on meeting due dates. That is, jobs are assigned to machines without consideration of product quality. This approach opens the possibility of manufacturing poor quality products. Realizing the shortcomings of the existing dispatching rules, manufacturers are tempted to dispatch jobs with the objective of maximizing product quality. With such an attempt, jobs are likely to be assigned to high performance machines only. In turn, waiting times will increase and job delays are inevitable. This research proposes a dispatching rule that satisfies both criteria, reducing due date delays, while ensuring a predefined product quality level. A quality index is introduced to standardize various product qualities. The index is used to ensure a predetermined quality level, whilst minimizing product delays. Simulations compare various dispatch methods, evaluating them based on mean tardiness and product quality.     

永磁电机流固耦合仿真及损耗影响分析

高密度永磁电机功率密度高,散热困难,尤其是其内部的永磁体温度较高时将会出现退磁现象,严重影响电机寿命,电机温升问题成为电机运用的关键问题之一.利用有限体积法对永磁电机进行流固耦合仿真分析计算,研究了永磁电机热分布情况,特别是永磁体温度分布情况,为研究永磁体的局部退磁提供理论依据,并通过样机进行温升实验,验证上述仿真模型...     

面向问题的软件开发协同建模工具的研究与实现

建模软件是辅助需求工程师分析的工具,在需求设计阶段必不可少。目前,很少有需求建模工具可以跨平台运行,支持在线多用户协同以及验证需求模型正确性和完整性等功能。鉴于问题框架方法在需求工程领域获得了较大关注,文中开发了一款用户体验较好、兼容多平台的计算机辅助问题框架建模软件。本研究解决了自动化校验问题图的正确性和完整性以及复杂问题图拆分等难题,实现了用户登录、云端数据库存储设计和多人协同建模和验证,从而构建了一个在线需求建模、共享和验证的平台。     

A loop-flow-based method for capacitor optimization in distribution systems

A loop-flow-based method for capacitor optimization in distribution systems is proposed in this paper. An optimization algorithm that combines both economic and secure objectives together in a single function for optimal capacitor sizing is presented. Line-current flow, which is a direct indicator of power loss and line loading, is taken as the controlled variable in this optimization algorithm. Therefore, the algorithm has a simple formulation, and is particularly suitable for use in the analysis of radial and weakly meshed distribution systems. An efficient strategy is designed to search for the optimal solution. Because the objective function for the optimization is clearly a quadratic of line-current flow, the convergence character of this algorithm is close to linear and a small iteration is needed in the optimization process. Digital tests have been done to show the validity and efficiency of this algorithm.     

炼油生产调度的混合Petri网建模

文章首先分析了炼油生产调度问题,指出炼油生产调度是一个既具有连续时间特性,又具有离散事件特性的混合动态系统,针对这种特性,该文在研究了连续Petri网和混合Petri网之后,将混合Petri网用于炼油生产调度系统的建模,为解决炼油生产调度的实时性问题提供了有力工具。     

Learning and teaching about scientific models with a computer-modeling tool

The study presents efforts to support pre-service primary school teachers in learning and teaching about scientific models, and discusses the impact of these efforts on their understandings. We provided pre-service primary school teachers with a module on computer modeling and studied the effects of this experience on their abilities to construct viable scientific models with a computer-modeling tool, namely, Model-It [Metcalf, J. S., Krajcik, J., & Soloway, E. (2000). MODEL-IT: A Design Retrospective. In M. J. Jacobson & R. B. Kozma (Eds.), Innovations in Science and Mathematics Education (pp. 77–115). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates], in order to teach a sixth-grade science lesson. The results of the study showed that Model-It, through its scaffolds (i.e., Plan, Build, and Test), enabled the majority of pre-service teachers to build models that were structurally correct, but simplistic. The participants showed a tendency to teach science using more often the explorative modeling method than the expressive method, and only few of them employed both methods in their lessons. In essence, Model-It effectively scaffolded pre-service teachers’ first modeling experiences and enabled them to quickly build and test their models as well as reflect on the viability of their models. However, according to the results, teachers need extensive learning experiences in order to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the process of scientific modeling in science.     

Ensuring the quality of conceptual representations

High quality data and process representations are critical to the success of system development efforts. Despite this importance, quantitative methods for evaluating the quality of a representation are virtually nonexistent. This is a major shortcoming. However, there is another approach. Instead of evaluating the quality of the final representation, the representation process itself can be evaluated. This paper views the modeling process as a communication channel. In a good communication channel, sufficient error prevention, error detection, and error correction mechanisms exist to ensure that the output message matches the input message. A good modeling process will also have mechanisms for preventing, detecting, and correcting errors at each step from observation to elicitation to analysis to final representation. This paper describes a theoretically-based set of best practices for ensuring that each step of the process is performed correctly, followed by a proof of concept experiment demonstrating the utility of the method for producing a representation that closely reflects the real world.     

实现课件制作创新的几点体会

文章主要分析了在制作课件时，为提高课件质量而应注意的几个方面，对于课件制作有一定的指导意义。     

Improvement of quality performance in manufacturing organizations by minimization of production defects

The work in this paper will present a developed methodology for quality improvement in manufacturing organizations. This methodology comprises a model for the identification of various sources of quality defects on the product; this model would include an analysis tool in order to calculate defect probability, a statistical measurement of quality, and a lean manufacturing tool to prevent the presence of defects on the product. The attribution of defects to their source will lead to a fast and significant definition of the root cause of defects. The techniques described in this paper were developed for an improvement project in a plastic parts painting manufacturing facility of a first-tier supplier to the automotive industry. Data were collected from the manufacturing plant, which indicated that the daily defect rates were significant, ranging between 10% and 15%. These figures gave a clear indication that the number of defects could be significantly reduced to a few parts within the total production. This could be achieved if appropriate manufacturing practices were adopted with the aim of reducing the effect of manufacturing system variables that affect overall quality. A process attribute chart (H-PAC) has been introduced to monitor the defects every hour. Upper and lower control limits were given and an SPC graph is plotted every hour for the three major defects. If the defects go above the upper control limits, the team meets to solve the issues. Over ten weeks’ study after implementing changes, there was a 9% reduction in defects.     

关于C语言教学中若干问题的探讨

本文讨论C语言程序设计教学中存在的一些问题，以及给出了解决问题的一些做法，强调C语言教学过程中教师和学生的互动性，注重教学过程中对学生分析问题和解决问题实障能力的培养。从多方面培养和提高了学生对C语言知识的理解和掌握以及应用的能力。     

实现课件制作创新的几点体会

文章主要分析了在制作课件时,为提高课件质量而应注意的几个方面,对于课件制作有一定的指导意义。     

面向对象耦合性度量工具的设计与实现

软件度量是保障软件质量的重要手段。结合软件度量技术，设计并实现一个面向对象耦合性度量工具，用于全面度量面向对象系统的耦合性。给出了此度量工具的体系结构，详细讲述了该工具各个模块的设计与实现方法，其中着重讲述了中间信息库的设计，给出了度量结果示例。最后介绍了该度量工具的特点。     

面向对象耦合性度量工具的设计与实现*

软件度量是保障软件质量的重要手段。结合软件度量技术,设计并实现一个面向对象耦合性度量工具,用于全面度量面向对象系统的耦合性。给出了此度量工具的体系结构,详细讲述了该工具各个模块的设计与实现方法,其中着重讲述了中间信息库的设计,给出了度量结果示例。最后介绍了该度量工具的特点。     

可拓学在脑电波分析与诊断推理中的应用

利用C—F模型的不确定性推理方法，对采集到的脑电波数据建立脑电波定量分析与诊断专家系统。脑电波的分类采用了可拓学理论中的区间可拓识别技术来计算C—F模型的证据可信度，从而可以准确地对生物体在不同生理状态下的脑电波进行分析诊断。     

Mean station reliabilities cause throughput overestimates in production system design

In production system design, we typically lack actual station reliability data for throughput analysis using a model, because these stations do not yet exist. Hence, we either use the mean values from similar existing equipment or mean reliability estimates provided by equipment manufacturers. The real stations may have better or worse reliabilities compared to the means. Hence, when the system is built, the real system throughput may be acceptable or poor depending on actual station reliabilities. This paper compares predicted model throughput using station mean reliabilities with real system throughput. We find that the model often overestimates system throughput. We develop an upper bound and the maximum probability of overestimation when there is an infinite buffer size after each station. We also provide the ranges of overestimation for systems with limited buffers. These results may be used as a “rule of thumb” to adjust system throughput estimation. Monte Carlo simulation is discussed as an approach to analyze real system performance.     

基于活动网络的生产系统仿真集成模型研究*

提出了一个基于活动网络的生产系统仿真集成对象模型,能够实现同一仿真模型中不同观点、不同层次的集成。论述了模型的建模方法,并通过对某铝卷料生产企业的生产活动建模实例分析,验证了该模型的可行性。     

Development work for quality and ergonomics

Employee participation in the development and improvement of their own work activities and daily production tasks has been strongly emphasised by the “quality movement”. From this point of view, the quality perspective, and in particular development work, are supportive of improved working conditions and ergonomics. This paper proposes a classification of development work in relation to participative problem solving. Further, the introduction of development work was found from a theoretical point of view to be consistent with improvement in the characteristics that represent good and rewarding work. Several empirical studies in the field confirm that improvements in work and company performance take place as a result. There is also criticism of development work, which largely focuses on the difficulties of integrating such concepts into organisational structures and of making developments long-lasting. In addition, stress, intensification of work and increased pressure are also mentioned as possible harmful outcomes. It is concluded that the development work concept is an important innovation with great potential, but the organisational models and applications need to be further developed for the future.     

Stochastic model of production and inventory control using dynamic bayesian network

Bayesian Network is a stochastic model, which shows the qualitative dependence between two or more random variables by the graph structure, and indicates the quantitative relations between individual variables by the conditional probability. This paper deals with the production and inventory control using the dynamic Bayesian network. The probabilistic values of the amount of delivered goods and the production quantities are changed in the real environment, and then the total stock is also changed randomly. The probabilistic distribution of the total stock is calculated through the propagation of the probability on the Bayesian network. Moreover, an adjusting rule of the production quantities to maintain the probability of the lower bound and the upper bound of the total stock to certain values is shown. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Automatic calculation of bathymetry for coastal hydrodynamic models

A methodology is proposed to facilitate the construction of gridded bathymetry data for the use of hydrodynamic models on the continental shelf. It relies on the carrying out of three successive tasks: (1) automatic selection of records of better quality among multiple sets of overlapping data; (2) elimination of data points located on land; and (3) taking into account the shoreline as bathymetric data. Algorithms are proposed to perform sorting of the records according to their quality as well as masking by the coastline. The suggested method facilitates the updating of bathymetry data and optimizes their use. It enables automatic execution of all the tasks and building of new digital bathymetry models in a few hours, without action from the operator. The method has been tested many times on the continental shelf of North-West Europe. The bathymetric data so generated do not require corrections, and the hydrodynamic models on which these data are based could be very precise.