中国汽车制造质量提升战略研究

本文在分析我国汽车制造业存在的质量效益不高、质量竞争力不强、中高端供给能力不足、国外品牌强而自主品牌弱、自主零部件品牌状况堪忧等问题的基础上,梳理了长期困扰我国汽车制造业发展的一系列瓶颈问题,如质量技术基础薄弱、制造基础不强、核心技术处于劣势、创新力不足、共性基础性技术研究和研究平台缺失等;提出了我国汽车制造质量提升的指导思想和阶段性目标,并从加大国家产业支持政策向新能源和智能网联汽车的倾斜力度、实施汽车质量提升工程等五个方面,提出了我国汽车制造业质量提升的发展对策。     

人工智能辅助汽车造型设计方法综述

目的 以创新汽车产品辅助设计方法研究为主线,对研究进展、相关理论框架、关键技术进行概述.方法 结合文献梳理法和产业调研法分析人工智能在汽车工业设计中的重要意义、发展趋势及应用进展.结果 提出了基于图库的辅助设计、基于语义的辅助设计、造型设计评价三种应用场景的关键技术框架.结论 人工智能在汽车创新设计中的应用不充分,针对研究空缺提出了三种亟待突破的关键技术框架,为汽车企业提供了思路和借鉴.     

中国汽车产业创新体系研究

本文在清晰界定汽车产业创新体系内涵的基础上,分析了汽车产业创新体系的现状,尤其是在聚集于4~7级技术成熟度、打通基础研究和产业化技术之间鸿沟的非盈利应用技术研究机构方面的不足等方面,参考国际相关经验,对我国面向汽车强国建设的汽车产业新型创新体系建设进行了思考,并提出设立中国汽车创新理事会、加快建设汽车领域制造业创新中心等建议。     

Lessons learned from an unsuccessful “catching-up” in the automobile industry of Iran

In contrast to existing studies mostly investigating successful cases of technological catching-up, this paper aims to analyse a limited catch-up by an Iranian automobile firm. Using thematic analysis, and based on the conceptual framework developed in the literature review, the empirical data were coded and categorised into the themes and dimensions. The resulting contextualized framework, as one of the main contributions of this study, suggests how the certain sectoral environment of the automobile industry contributes to the lackluster performance of catching-up by the domestic firm. The sectoral environment (i.e. technological regimes, market regimes, and government policies) of Iran's automobile industry (IAI) is characterized by ineffective technology transfer, diverse technological areas, high tacit knowledge, the extensive backward linkages, high scale intensity, under-developed domestic supply chain, capital-goods attitude to the consumer goods, the oligopolistic structure, and homogeneous market. This paper also identifies new catch-up's influencing factors (i.e. industrial strategy and structural issues) inductively emerged during the empirical data analysis. And finally, comparison of the automobile industry in Iran and a few Asian countries shows that local content requirements (LCRs) will not bring about indigenous development unless it is complemented by the export market discipline and scale economy.     

新时代汽车强国战略研究综述(一)

本文为中国工程院"汽车强国战略研究"综述的第一部分(共两部分),对汽车发展总体情况进行了梳理,分析了我国汽车发展面临的新形势和新动态,总结出我国迎来建设汽车强国新一轮重大机遇。在此基础上,阐明了新时代"汽车强国"的内涵,提出了汽车产业提质增效和汽车社会协调发展是新时代"汽车强国"的两个主要特征。最后从十个方面论述了新时代建设汽车强国的重要意义。     

汽车轻量化技术的研究现状综述

近年来汽车行业的科技水平发展程度逐渐提高,汽车行业进入高速发展阶段,然而随之而来的环境和能源问题也日趋加重。轻量化技术变成了各个汽车企业提升市场竞争力的关键,作者根据近些年来汽车轻量化技术现状进行综述,主要介绍了包括轻量化材料(高强度钢、镁合金、铝合金、钛合金、塑料及复合材料)、现阶段应用于汽车制造的先进加工工艺(激光焊接技术、液压成形技术)以及发展逐步成熟、显著提高轻量化成果的结构优化(尺寸优化、形状优化、形貌优化、拓扑优化、多目标多学科优化)的使用现状以及对其发展趋势的探讨。     

Dynamic patterns of technology collaboration: a case study of the Chinese automobile industry, 1985–2010

To investigate patterns of technology collaboration within the Chinese automobile industry, this study employs a unique dataset of patent applications that reveal a record of 64,938 collaborative relations in the industry during the period from 1985 to 2010. Our results indicate that over 60 % of the total collaborations were conducted after China entered the WTO. The invention and utility types of patents account for 98 % of the total collaborations throughout the sample period. Using a network analysis method, we find that the key differences between domestic enterprises collaborating with indigenous enterprises (DD collaboration) and with foreign firms (DF collaboration) are in patent types and technology domains. The DF network is also denser and more centralized than the DD network, although the amount of nodes and links of the DD network is greater than that of the DF collaboration network. The analysis and visualization of the collaboration networks and corresponding largest components reveal that a large number of domestic enterprises prefer to collaborate with top global automobile manufacturers. We also find that a number of universities have become key players in the collaborations among industry, universities and research institutes. This study provides a deeper understanding of technology collaborations from various perspectives and also highlights several avenues for future research.     

我国果树业生产现状和待研究的问题

介绍了我国果树资源及果树产业、科研当前水平；阐述了有关果业发展拟研究的五个问题：（1）果树传统品种组群与现代化生产及专业化；（2）果树发展与生态环境建设；（3）重视果树根系研究；（4）果品加工发展要加速研究与中试，加工产业发展要注意科学进程和大、中、小企业结合；（5）建立果品优质生产工程的技术体系。具体包括：品种组合与专业化，“世界品种”，名特优品种的不断选育，无公害基地的环境保护，根系研究对持续发展和提高产量品质的潜力，营养基因型根系，生根基因，建立质量工程技术体系，果品加工业的逐步进程等。     

Towards a holistic sustainability index for measuring sustainability of manufacturing companies

Competition from low wage countries and the adoption of free market strategies have forced manufacturing firms to recognise and implement productivity enhancement strategies. This research defines a holistic sustainability index embedding several performance indices. The aim of this study was to establish a relevant framework that would assess the current situation of an industry through aggregation of environmental, social, economical as well as manufacturing variables. The proposition has its roots in trends and gaps in the sustainability literature of manufacturing industries and is based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. A list of indicators measuring the industry performance based on an AHP scoring methodology is proposed. The next stages include grouping industries according to common deficiencies across the four dimensions and establishing a cooperation framework. The food manufacturing industry is the main target in this study and will benefit from adopting sustainable long-term policies. By recognising the importance of social–environmental sustainability and taking the initiative to pursue it, profits will grow as a positive effect of such policies. The added value is twofold: (1) coupling all sustainability dimensions, often addressed in silos and (2) integrating manufacturing indicators which enable the analysis of interrelationships with sustainability.     

汽车用先进高强钢的应用现状和发展方向

阐述了先进高强钢板汽车零部件在减重、安全方面的优势,介绍了先进高强钢在汽车工业的应用现状,简单阐述了先进高强钢的成形工艺——热冲压成形工艺研究,指出了先进高强钢热冲压成形过程中遇到的主要问题,探讨了先进高强钢未来的发展趋势。     

EVOLUTION OF TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES FOR TAIWAN'S SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY: FORMATION OF RESEARCH CONSORTIA

As the world enters the twenty-first century, technology is now more than ever the key factor in the promotion of industrial development and economic growth. This presents an enormous but unavoidable challenge for developing countries; they must carry out their industrial technology development in such a way as to create strong high-tech industries that can successfully compete in the global market, while moving their national economies in the direction of prosperity. In light of these challenges, an overall technology development strategy has become the critical success factor for an industry in terms of technology acquisition, diffusion and application. Over the course of the past three decades, Taiwan has regarded the semiconductor industry as one of the most strategically important of the high-tech industries. Since starting with a few downstream assembly plants in the 1960s, the semiconductor industry has developed into a comprehensive industrial system with vertical and horizontal division of labor. It has gone through various growth stages, involving foreign-capital-based assembly, manufacturing technology transfer, growth of local plants, industrial system expansion and upgrading by industrial cooperation. The corresponding strategies for technology development cover technology introduction, technology transfer and cooperative R&D, with gradually escalating technological capabilities successfully encouraging industrial growth. The semiconductor industry has not only become the leading industry of the Hsinchu Science-based Industrial Park, but it has also generated revenues ranked fourth highest in the world. This article studies strategies adopted at different stages by Taiwan's semiconductor industry in its technological development, focusing specifically on the research consortium strategy and the case of the industry consortium, the Advanced Semiconductor Technology Research Organization (ASTRO).     

Developing countries and the aircraft industry: match or mismatch?

For many industrially developing countries, technology transfer is seen as a road towards technological and economic development. Indonesian experiences with the aircraft industry suggest that the transfer of technology in this sector is extremely difficult, and even if technology is actually transferred it does not necessarily lead to a viable industry. To determine the key elements for a successful transfer of technology, research was undertaken with a focus on the process of technology transfer at the operational level in industrially developing and developed countries. The research revealed that many technology transfer projects do not or, at best, only marginally contribute to technological development. It also showed that the aircraft industry, and possibly other industries as well, might be better suited to specific countries. To avoid making investments in industries that will inevitably not be competitive, industrially developing countries should be careful when deciding which types of industry to foster.     

Development of novel strategies for designing sustainable Indian agri-fresh food supply chain

Traditional Indian agri-fresh food supply chain (AFSC) is unorganized and controlled by a large number of intermediaries, causing it to be unsustainable from the farmer (low profitability) to the customer (not getting quality product even after paying a high price). The purpose of this paper is to propose novel strategies for designing a sustainable Indian AFSC. Authors identify shortcomings as well as strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) of the Indian agriculture system through the literature survey. To improve overall performance of this chain, authors have developed eighty strategies by incorporating SWOT into TOWS (threat, opportunity, weakness and strength) matrix. They define four key objectives to mitigate the afore-mentioned problems. In this paper, twelve strategies are shortlisted from existing ones on the basis of fulfilling a maximum number of objectives. The shortlisting of strategies is further verified by evaluating strategies using performance measures (PMs) in sustainability dimensions, which revealed that the twelve chosen strategies dominate over other strategies. The shortlisted strategies are mainly focused on improving the economic dimension of AFSC by satisfying maximum number of objectives and PMs. The chosen strategies pledge for the optimum and most feasible ones to be recommended for managers/researchers towards redesigning the AFSC. The proposed viable strategies are expected to reform the conventional Indian AFSC by designing sustainable supply chain (SSC). The outcomes of this work will provide clear guidelines for researchers and policy makers to make sustainable agriculture.     

A public research institute that created and led a large industrial group in Japan

The importance of domestic technology transfer from the public sector (universities and public research institutes) to industry is increasing in the era of science–driven innovation. One of the purposes of a triple helix of evolving university-government–industry relations is how to make use of universities and public research institutes for industrial development. This paper first discusses the means of domestic technology transfer and points out that spinning off companies is one ultimate way to transfer technology, after discussing the relation between a triple helix and technology transfer. Then, this paper presents a unique case of a public research institute before the end of World War II in Japan. This research institute established 63 companies, such as Ricoh and Okamoto. At the same time the institute excelled in science as well. The first two Nobel Prize Laureates of Japan were researchers of this research institute. The paper discusses the management of this institute and its group companies and enabling environment surrounding the institute and its group companies at that time. At the end, the paper draws some lessons for public research institutes and their spin-off companies today.     

Profitability decided by patent quality? An empirical study of the U.S. semiconductor industry

The investment in research and development (R&D) for semiconductor industry is never small as the technology cycle time (TCT) is relatively short comparing to other industries, thus a semiconductor company requires lots of technological innovations and capital offerings to maintain. The semiconductor industry contributes primarily part of the micro-electronic industries. Advancing technology and patent application are the centre of attention within the semiconductor sector. This research examines the relationship between patent quality and the profits a patent creates for a company in this selected field. This study distinguishes itself from prior research by including cross-sectional data, time series data to simultaneously collect and analyze. The study result shows that some indicators of patent quality are statistically significant to return on assets.     

以智能网联汽车为载体的汽车强国战略顶层设计

智能网联汽车是以信息技术为代表的新科技变革趋势下产生的一种新兴产业形态。由于体现为跨行业多领域新技术的深度交叉融合,智能网联汽车的产业化发展必定能带动相关行业的协同进步,从而推动中国制造业的转型升级,实现我国由汽车大国向汽车强国的转变。本文阐述了建设汽车强国的本质内涵以及发展智能网联汽车对建设汽车强国的意义,分析了中国发展智能网联汽车具备的基础和面临的问题,并提出了以智能网联汽车为载体的建设汽车强国战略的顶层设计方案。     

Is China's industrial policy effective? An empirical study of the new energy vehicles industry

China's traditional automobile industry lags behind that of the developed countries, but the development of New Energy Vehicles (NEVs) is an opportunity to catch up with the global automobile industry. In China, there has been a widespread attempt to “overtake on the curve” by developing cleaner technology for NEVs. To help with this transition, the Chinese government has introduced a large number of policies to promote the development of the NEV industry. In this study, we examined whether these policies have been effective by analyzing data about policies for China's NEV industry from 2006 to 2018, as well as the NEV patents filed in the United States, Japan, Germany, France, Korea, and China from 1988 to 2018. This paper uses quantitative analysis of policies and factor analysis. The results of the policy quantification regression analysis show that China's industrial policy has a significant influence on the number of patents. For example, China's aim to promote technological progress has been effective in developing an indigenous NEV industry, but whether China will succeed in “overtaking on the curve” is still unclear. The current state of development of NEV patents does not show China have a leading edge in NEV technology. China's NEV industry policies should be further strengthened, especially the core policies on technological innovation.     

The innovation incubator,university business incubator and technology transfer strategy: The case of Thailand

This study reviews the role of the innovation incubator and university business incubator (UBI) in supporting the entrepreneurial development in Thailand. The university business incubator (UBI) is defined in this paper as an incubator set up by the university to provide office space, equipment, mentoring services as well as other administrative supports to assist the formation of new ventures). In particular, the paper compares the operation of the university business incubators (UBIs) and technology incubators to understand their technology transfer strategies. The analyses, based on the Triple Helix model, also include the government policies to support innovation commercialization in Thailand. The study examines case studies of leading university business incubators (UBIs) (Mahidol University, Chulalongkorn University and King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi) and science and technology incubators of the National Science and Technology Agency (NSTDA) and the National Innovation Agency (NIA). The results have shown that the incubation program is one of the major policy mechanisms to support innovation and suggested that UBIs should act as an intermediary between the spheres of university and industry to provide interactive linkages and promote effective utilization of university research. The empirical study provides insightful implications on the move towards the entrepreneurial university and the dynamics of the Triple Helix system in stimulating innovation development and diffusion.     

迈向信息时代的中国汽车工业管理信息技术应用

从汽车工业对整个制造业生产方式变革的领导历程出发，论述了中国汽车工业的生产方式和由此带来的管理信息系统的要求，提出了中国汽车工业管理信息技术系统的战略路线和策略。     

Strategic analysis of China’s geothermal energy industry

China is an early user of geothermal energy, and its direct use ranks first in the world. Recent national strategies and policies have enabled China’s geothermal energy industry to enter a new era with important development opportunities. This paper investigates the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) to China’s geothermal energy industry from political, economic, social, and technological (PEST) perspectives. SWOT–PEST analysis indicates that the resources, market, and technological foundation exist for the large-scale development of China’s geothermal energy industry. However, it experiences constraints, such as unclear resource distributions, incomplete development of government regulations, incomplete implementation of national policies, unclear authority between governmental administrative systems, and lack of uniform technical standards and codes. Therefore, future development strategies have been proposed to provide technical support and policy tools for geothermal energy development. The recommendations to ensure its healthy and sustainable development include improving resource exploration, rationalizing administration systems, enhancing policy guidance and financial support, and cultivating geothermal talent.