工业聚合反应装置：Ⅲ.均相本体聚合反应器 上

在简述苯乙烯本体聚合反应器选型原理的基础上，介绍和推荐了一些新型装置，如塔式聚合反应器，卧式双轴聚合反应器等。     

微反应器在聚合反应中的应用

微反应器因其良好的混合和传热性能近年来开始应用到聚合反应中,并表现出巨大潜力。本文对微反应器在自由基聚合、离子聚合和逐步聚合中的应用进行了系统综述。相比于传统的釜式反应器,微反应器可以更好地调节聚合产物分子量和分子量分布、控制共聚组成和分子结构。在强放热聚合反应中,利用微反应器可以获得窄分子量分布的聚合产物;在扩散控制的聚合反应中,利用微反应器可以大大缩短反应所需时间。微反应器在聚合反应领域中的拓展依赖于对反应机理和微反应器特点的深入理解,相关的基础研究将成为这一领域发展的关键。     

ⅧPVC本体聚合（续）

本体聚合工艺可视为无水的悬浮聚合。本体聚合工艺具有的一些特点是简化了树脂生产流程,这可通过比较悬浮聚合方块流程图(图12a)与本体聚合方块流程图(图33a)来说明,本体聚合反应器内无水,因而反应器体积可以小些,相应地用于控制反应器温度的冷却和加热系统也可以小些。第二点,由于没有水要从树脂中脱出,所以离心机和干燥器就不需要了,工艺水的前后处理也不需要了。     

工业聚合反应装置 Ⅰ.进展评述

本文是“工业聚合反应装置“系列专论的首报,也是整个系列的导言。文中按聚合方法和设备结构型式,将工业聚合反应装置的核心即反应器分为１０类,并大要地讨论了各类反应器反应工程特性和发展趋势,结合悬浮聚合、乳液聚合、溶液聚合、本体聚合和缩聚等工艺,图示了６种工业聚合反应器。     

聚丙烯生产中丙烯中杂质对聚合反应的影响

聚丙烯是性能优良的热塑性合成树脂,具有无毒,抗冲击性能及电绝缘性好等优点,在汽车工业,电子及建材家具等方面广泛应用,产量仅次于聚乙烯。做好聚丙烯的生产很重要,对聚丙烯生产优化控制研究具有重要意义。介绍了优化控制的相关知识,研究聚丙烯生产优化控制,以本体法聚合工艺对聚丙烯生产进行反应器操作条件分析,稳态特性分析,分析影响聚丙烯聚合的因素,为优化操作,研究优化算法,快速准确实现对非线性约束函数的优化,验证聚丙烯产量模型,实现聚丙烯生产的在线优化控制。     

聚合与混合

以化学反应工程观点对聚合物制造过程进行工程分析。着重阐述了聚合过程中粘度变化对物系传热传质状态和反应动力学的影响,以及对聚合反应器性能,以至对聚合物产品性能的影响。针对增粘过程的搅拌,异粘流体的调匀、粘稠物系的微观混合和非均相体系的产品粒度分布这4类典型的聚合过程课题,分析了各自的混合规律、提出了改进聚合反应器性能,提高产品质量的控制因素及其控制对策。     

氯化聚醚的双螺杆本体连续聚合

本文介绍工程塑料氯化聚醚使用双螺杆反应器进行本体连续聚合试验。本法工艺，设备简单生产能力及转化率较高，是聚合生产的先进形式。     

徐州聚西廷新型材料科技有限公司开发出聚丙烯制备新方法

<正>徐州聚西廷新型材料科技有限公司开发出一种聚丙烯制备新方法。该方法采用双环管结构的本体聚合反应器和气相反应器组合进行聚丙烯的制备。在液相本体聚合反应单元中将丙烯分股加入各反应器中,有效防止聚合物堵塞预聚合反应器、双环管反应器的进料线、出料线,从而降低聚合物因堵塞出现的团聚现象;且采用一定比例的矿物油和矿物脂对催化剂进行处理,有利于生产高共聚单体含量的高抗冲共聚聚丙烯,有效减少催化剂活性的衰减。 (燕丰     

本体聚合橡胶增韧苯乙烯系树脂反应器技术进展

综述了丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)和高抗冲聚苯乙烯(HIPS)本体聚合工艺各种不同形式反应器的优缺点以及不同专利商的流程反应器组合特点。重点阐述了在工业放大过程中,反应器的选择依据和设计要点。提出对反应器组合流程的设计应该充分挖掘本体聚合的优势。     

我国镍系顺丁橡胶聚合过程的工程分析及其改进——Ⅱ.管式组合反应器聚合工艺

在对我国镍系顺丁橡胶现行釜式丁二烯聚合工艺进行动力学分析和工程分析的基础上,提出了三级管式组合反应器聚合工艺的技术改造方案,并对此作了可行性论证。该方案分别选择环管反应器和带刮刀直管反应器作为引发聚合反应器和第二、三级主聚合反应器。经初步设计核算认为,管式聚合工艺过程具有动力学反应学制特性、反应器具有热稳态操作特性。     

Recovery of indan derivatives from polystyrene waste

The recovery of indan derivatives from polystyrene waste for the purpose of efficient utilization of plastic wastes was studied. An attempt was made to construct the apparatus, in which thermal decomposition of polystyrene and catalytic reaction of its decomposition products over silica–alumina catalyst could be controlled continuously at the same time. The reaction temperature for thermal decomposition of polystyrene in the upper part of a reactor tube was 420°C, while that for catalytic reaction of the thermal decomposition products in the bottom of a reactor tube was 300°C. These results indicated that the composition of thermal decomposition products of polystyrene could be controlled by the use of a flow reactor. The indan derivatives recovered were two 1-methyl-3-phenylindans, one 1-methyl-1-phenylindan, and 1-phenylindan. The yields of these indan derivatives were 20% of the weight of the liquid products recovered. On the basis of the results obtained in the present work, the most suitable reaction conditions to recover indan derivatives from polystyrene waste is discussed.     

TRACKING PERFORMANCE OF CONTROL METHODS

In this work, the optimal temperature control of a styrene solution polymerization reactor with two different control algorithms is considered. DMC and PFD control mefhods are used to accomplish the optimal temperature control of the polystyrene reactor. Reactor optimal temperature profiles at different initiator initiation concentrations were obtained by applying maximum principle to the mathematical model of the free radical batch polymerization reactor lo produce polystyrene with desired conversion and molecular weight in a minimum lime. The results obtained from the experimental implementation of DMC and PID controller for the control of optimal temperature path of the polymerization reactor were compared.     

TRACKING PERFORMANCE OF CONTROL METHODS

In this work, the optimal temperature control of a styrene solution polymerization reactor with two different control algorithms is considered. DMC and PFD control mefhods are used to accomplish the optimal temperature control of the polystyrene reactor. Reactor optimal temperature profiles at different initiator initiation concentrations were obtained by applying maximum principle to the mathematical model of the free radical batch polymerization reactor lo produce polystyrene with desired conversion and molecular weight in a minimum lime. The results obtained from the experimental implementation of DMC and PID controller for the control of optimal temperature path of the polymerization reactor were compared.     

平推流反应釜的研制

平推流反应釜是聚苯乙烯生产装置的关键设备。该反应釜吸收了国外先进技术,在搅拌传动系统、传热系统、密封系统等方面进行了合理的改进,采取了一些技术先进的设置。     

生产聚苯乙烯预聚合釜的作用和选型

本文就聚苯乙烯生产技术中预聚合工艺的特点和预聚合釜的作用,从反应动力学角度和围绕提高产品质量的角度进行探讨。     

Macrokinetics of obtaining functional products based on polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate under nonisothermal conditions

Thermal conditions of the process of manufacturing large-block, optically pure products based on polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate (scintillators, light concentrators, bulletproof glass, etc.) have been experimentally and theoretically studied. The flow sheet of the process includes two sequentially connected reaction apparatuses, i.e., a tubular reactor for frontal polymerization and a semi-continuous molding reactor. Prepolymer is formed in the tubular reactor and is fed to the molding reactor. As this reactor is being filled, polymerization continues under autothermal heating conditions. After filling, the molding reactor is replaced by a similar one, while the filled reactor is kept in a temperature-controlled oven for final polymerization followed by cooling and removal of the product.     

Anionic polymerization of styrene: The search for an industrial process

Anionic polymerizations were carried out in the laboratory using a CSTR reactor design and conditions typical of current commercial mass polystyrene plants. Polystyrene having excellent color and polydispersity was produced. Polymer quality, styrene conversion, and molecular weight control were all linked to use of polymerization feed of consistently high purity and polymerization in the 90–110°C temperature range. The results of this study clearly show that high quality polystyrene can be made utilizing anionic polymerization chemistry in existing well mixed mass polystyrene reactors of the CSTR design. The key to the successful practice of this technology is the ability to produce consistently high purity polymerization feed.     

超临界甲苯降解聚苯乙烯反应动力学模型

引言 聚苯乙烯是一种性能优良、应用广泛的通用塑料,且可降解回收苯乙烯单体,因此废聚苯乙烯的回收利用受到广泛关注.但聚苯乙烯热降解高温熔融时黏度很大,造成温度分布不均和局部过热,容易发生二次反应并导致结炭,同时降低了苯乙烯单体收率,因此近年来发展了各种热解技术以抑制结炭、提高苯乙烯收率.超临界降解技术利用超临界流体优异的扩散性能和溶解性能,具有加快聚苯乙烯降解速率,提高反应转化率,抑制结炭等优点[1-4].     

Thermolysis of polystyrene

Styrene was recovered from polystyrene (molecular weight of 138,000) by thermolysis in a nitrogen atmosphere at temperatures between 368 and 407°C. The results were independent of the initial weight of polystyrene, which was varied between 30 and 480 g. Up to 90% of the polystyrene was converted to liquid products. The liquid products had a styrene concentration as high as 90% and the styrene yield increased with temperature. Above 390°C, the residue left in the reactor (less than 30% of initial polystyrene charge) consisted mainly of styrene monomer, dimer, and trimer (MW of 190). The kinetics support a first-order reaction with regard to the rate of production of volatiles. The activation energy was estimated to be 166.5 kJ/mol. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Motionless mixers for the design of multitubular polymerization reactors

Experimental investigations of thermal bulk polymerization of styrene in pilot plants of different sizes have been performed. Each pilot plant is composed of a tubular recycle reactor, connected in series with a tubular reactor, both completely filled with Sulzer motionless mixers. Kinetic, reactor and viscosity models have been verified in a wide range of styrene conversions (up to 96%) temperatures (up to 210 °C) and polystyrene molar masses (up to 360 000). Scale-up studies were carried out which confirmed that multitubular reactors of special design can be applied for industrial polymerization process.