高活性复合多孔泡沫NiZn合金电极的制备与表征

采用电沉积、热处理与HCl腐蚀相结合的方法制备了具有纳米孔隙结构的复合多孔泡沫NiZn合金电极,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观测了电极的表面形貌,用能谱分析(EDS)研究了电极成分,采用氮吸附法对比了电极的比表面积和孔径,用X射线衍射(XRD)分析了电极相组成,用阴极极化曲线研究了在30%KOH(质量分数)溶液中电极的析氢电催化性能。结果表明,经600℃热处理后,泡沫NiZn合金电极形成孔隙结构,通过10%HCl进行腐蚀,在合金孔隙骨架表面形成纳米层状结构。与泡沫镍电极相比,泡沫NiZn合金电极比表面积更大,且纳米材料具有良好的催化活性,在电流密度200mA·dm-~(2)时,600℃处理后和HCl处理后的泡沫NiZn合金电极析氢过电位分别降低了222,276mV,说明该复合多孔泡沫合金电极可以显著降低析氢过电位,提高电极的析氢活性。     

电沉积法制备自支撑Ni-Sn-B电极的显微结构与电催化析氢性能

为开发高效稳定的析氢电催化剂,采用恒电流电沉积法在镍网基底上制备自支撑的Ni-Sn-B析氢电极,通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、透射电镜、X射线光电子能谱仪和电化学工作站等对电极的形貌结构、元素组成与电催化析氢性能进行表征和测试。结果表明,Ni-Sn-B电极表面由粗糙的胞状颗粒紧密堆积而成,具有非晶态特征结构。在碱性电解质中,Ni-Sn-B电极表现出优异的催化析氢活性和稳定性,在10m A/cm²电流密度下过电位仅为63 mV,比Ni-Sn和Ni-B电极的过电位分别降低38.2%和59.1%。电极的电荷转移电阻为1.56Ω,经过5 000次CV循环和72 h电解后,仍保持非常高的析氢活性。粗糙的表面形貌及非晶态结构使电极的电化学活性表面积和催化活性位点显著增加,同时B和Sn对Ni电子结构的调控,可有效降低电荷转移阻力,从而提升电极的电催化析氢性能。     

电沉积Ni-S-Zr合金电极析氢电催化性能的研究

用电沉积方法制备了Ni-S-Zr合金电极，用扫描电镜观察电极的表面形貌，通过阴极极化曲线及交流阻抗等电化学技术研究其析氢催化性能。结果表明：在80℃碱性溶液中的Ni-S-Zr的析氢催化性能较好，与Ni，Ni-S电极相比具有较高的表观交换电流密度、较小的反应电阻及较大的表面粗糙度。说明向Ni-S中引入Zr离子所形成的三元合金镀层，具有较高的析氢催化活性和良好的电化学稳定性。     

Nd元素部分取代对La_(0.8-x)Nd_xMg_(0.2)Ni_(3.3)Co_(0.5)(x=0～0.15)储氢合金结构和电化学性能影响

研究了Nd元素部分取代对La0.8-xNdxMg0.2Ni3.3Co0.5(x=0～0.15)合金的相结构和电化学性能影响。研究发现,由X射线衍射图谱分析,合金主要由CaCu5型相、PuNi3型相及少量Pr5Co19型相组成,随着Nd含量的增加,合金物相晶胞参数和晶胞体积在逐渐降低。合金电极电化学测试显示,随着Nd含量的增加,La0.8-xNdxMg0.2Ni3.3Co0.5(x=0～0.15)合金电极电化学容量从370.5 mAh.g-1(x=0)增加到最大容量377.7 mAh.g-1(x=0.05),然后下降369.2 mAh.g-1(x=0.15);合金电极电化学容量经过100次循环的容量保持率S100从65.9%(x=0)增加到最大至72.8%(x=0.15);合金电极的高倍率性能HRD1200逐渐从83%(x=0)增加到88%(x=0.15),动力学测试分析结果显示合金高倍率性能是由电催化活性和氢在合金体内的扩散两个过程控制共同控制的。综合考虑,Nd取代量为0.15时,合金电极电化学性能较好。     

Co替代Ni对A2B7型贮氢电极合金相结构及电化学性能的影响

采用感应熔炼方法制备了La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.5-xCox(x=0,0.25,0.75,1)四元贮氢合金,系统地研究了合金B侧Co对Ni部分替代对合金相结构及电化学性能的影响.X衍射(XRD)分析表明,La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.5-xCox由(La,Mg)2Ni-7相(包括Gd2 Co7型高温相和Ce2 Ni7型低温相)组成.此外,随着Co元素的加入,该类合金中出现CaCu5型LaNi5相.电化学测试表明,随Co含量的增加,合金电极活化次数增大,合金电极的最大放电容量增大,合金的最大放电容量由x =0.25时的376.53 mAh/g增加到x=1时的401.62mAh/g,氢扩散系数增大,循环稳定性变差,合金的高倍率放电性能降低,Co含量对合金电极高倍率放电性能HRD值的影响与对合金电极交换电流密度的影响趋势一致,这表明电极合金表面的电化学反应对合金的动力学性能影响更大.     

铁元素对镍基Ni-S合金涂层电极析氢性能的影响

采用电沉积法在制备Ni-S合金涂层电极的基础上,向镀液中添加硫酸亚铁,在镍箔表面制备Ni-Fe-S三元合金镀层,利用扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪研究涂层的形貌和物相,利用X射线光电子能谱分析涂层的元素价态,用电化学工作站测试涂层电极在氢氧化钾电解质中的电催化析氢性能和耐蚀性能,并与Ni-S合金涂层电极进行对比。结果表明,Ni-Fe-S涂层电极表面由许多瘤状突起构成;Fe元素的加入提高了合金涂层的非晶度和对碱性电解质的耐蚀性;与Ni-S合金涂层电极相比,Ni-Fe-S涂层电极的析氢过电位降低128 mV(36.6%),表明电极对氢的析出反应具有较高催化活性。     

电沉积Ni-Mo-C合金电极析氢机理的研究

采用电沉积法在纯铜表面制备Ni-Mo-C合金电极材料,采用线性伏安扫描法(LSV)、循环伏安(CV)和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)等方法对Ni-Mo-C合金在1 mol/L NaOH溶液中的析氢机理进行研究。结果表明:Ni-Mo-C电极表面发生的析氢反应(HER)是分步进行的,即H_(ads)的吸附和脱附,两步反应均为受扩散控制的不可逆反应;C元素可通过抑制H_(ads)的吸附,增强电极对H_(ads)的脱附能力,进而提高合金的析氢性能;高电极电位下,Mo会与Ni发生协同效应,增强合金的析氢性能。     

Co含量对La0.55Pr0.05Nd0.15Mg0.25Ni3.5-xCoxAl0.25（x=0～0.4）储氢合金电极性能的影响

采用电磁感应悬浮炉制备La0.55Pr0.05Nd0.15Mg0.25Ni3.5-xCoxAl0.25(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4)系列合金,研究Co含量对合金的相结构、吸放氢性能和电化学性能的影响。研究结果表明,该系列合金主要由LaNi5、Nd2Ni7相组成。当Co含量大于0.2时,合金中出现La2Ni7相。压强-吸氢量-温度(Pressure-Content-Temprature)测试显示在303 K温度下,合金具有良好的吸氢性能,当x=0.4时合金的最大吸氢量为1.29(质量分数,%)。电化学测试表明:随x值变化,合金电极的最大放电容量分别为340.0(x=0.0)、346.6(x=0.1)、370.0(x=0.2)、320.0(x=0.3)和346.6(mA.h)/g(x=0.4);随Co含量增加,合金电极容量保持率不断增加,高倍率放电性能先增加后减小,循环伏安曲线、氢在合金体中的扩散系数D共同反映了合金电极的动力学特性。     

沉积电流对Ni-Mo-Co合金析氢催化性能的影响

采用电沉积方法在Cu基体上制备出Ni-Mo-Co三元合金电极,主要研究了沉积电流对Ni-Mo-Co合金电极析氢催化活性的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射技术分别研究了Ni-Mo-Co合金镀层的表面形貌、元素组成和晶体结构,采用稳态极化曲线和交流阻抗技术研究了Ni-Mo-Co合金电极在30%KOH溶液中的析氢催化性能。结果表明:电沉积Ni-Mo-Co合金外观呈银白色,表面光滑细致,为非晶态结构。合金电极的析氢催化性能随着沉积电流的增大表现为先升高后降低的趋势,当沉积电流密度为15 mA.cm-2时,获得合金镀层具有最低的析氢过电位η100=139 mV,显示出良好的析氢催化活性。其析氢反应为Volmer-Heyvosky反应机制,主要受电化学脱附步骤控制。     

Ni-Mo-Co合金电极制备工艺的研究

采用电沉积方法制备出Ni-Mo-Co三元合金电极,研究了沉积电流密度、镀液温度及镀液pH值等条件对合金电极析氢催化活性的影响.采用EDS和XRD分析合金电极的化学组成和晶态结构.通过对极化曲线的比较分析得出最佳制备工艺条件为:电流密度15 mA/cm2,镀液温度25℃和pH值为10.该条件下制备的Ni-Mo-Co合金电极为非晶态结构,外观呈银白色,表面光滑致密,其化学组成为34.09%Ni、59.51%Mo、6.40%Co.在30%KOH 溶液中,其析氢过电位为η100=112mV,比Ni电极降低了352 mV,表现出良好的析氢催化活性.     

China's Major Non-ferrous Metals Imports & Exports

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Zinc Production by Province in 2014

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80% of Chinese Firms Purchasing Overseas Mines Ended up in the Red

<正>Minmetals Resources acquired the world’s largest copper mine under construction for USD5.85 billion.One after another,listed companies Jien Nickle,China Molybdenum and Chihong Zinc and Germanium raised money to get involved in overseas mining projects…SOEs and private enterprises are engaged in a frenzy of overseas mine purchasing.A reporter with Economic     

Copper Processing Profit Dropped Sharply,Copper Consumption Will Face Impact in the Second Half of the Year

正Judging from China’s copper consumption field,the biggest consumption unit is electric power,which accounts for 47%of total consumption;it is followed by light industry sector,including household electrical appliance,machinery,durable goods and hardware etc,which accounts for 22%of total consumption;followed by transportation field,     

Central Geological Prospecting Fund Newly Added 16.47 Million Tonnes of Bauxite in 2013

正In 2013,the Central Geological Prospecting Fund(CGPF)Project newly discovered 15 ore fields,including 3 large above ore fields,and 5medium sized ore fields.The reporter learned from the recently published"Annual Report of Central Geological Prospecting Fund Project(2013)"that,from 2006 to 2013 the CGPF     

Manufacturers of Copper Tube for Central Air Conditioner Use Face Mounting Pressure in the Final Quarter of the Year

正This year,the investment growth rate of real estate industry continued to slow down,sold area of commercial housing also dropped significantly,which brought huge pressure to the domestic air conditioning manufactures.In the first half of the year,by relying on high growth in national financial expenditure,along with investment in public infrastructure     

Xinjiang Ranks No.1 in Production of Primary Aluminum in China

正Kang Yi,Honorary Chairman of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association,said recently at the Forum on Development of the Non-ferrous Metals Industry in Central and Western China held in Zhengzhou that,as more and more electrolytic aluminum factories in Xinjiang came into operation,the electrolytic aluminum output of Xinjiang had reached2,275,000 tons in the first 7 months this year,     

Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power Completed800,000 t/a Aluminum Project in Xinjiang

正"Xinjiang project has been completed according to schedule,but total completion and total start of production are two different concepts,after completion it still needs a gradual process of reaching production target."On the morning of November 3,Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power told investors the above statement on the investor interaction platform.     

Guangdong Metal Transaction Center has Become the Second Largest Precious Metal Transaction Platform Nationwide

正The reporter learned from Guangdong Province Precious Metal Transaction Center that in 2013the Center maintained healthy development momentum,and had become the second largest precious metal transaction platform in China in terms of market size;currently Guangdong is quickening steps of financial innovation for the Center,aiming to build a transaction center with international core competitiveness.     

Seven Rare Earth Projects Involving Close to 3 Billion Yuan Investment Landed In the HighTech Zone

正On May 22,Baotou Rare Earth Industry Cooperation Consultation MeetingProject Agreement-signing Ceremony was held in Ningbo,nearly 40 enterprises from Ningbo,Guangdong,Hunan,and Shanxi participated in project consultation.After multi-lateral communication,agreements were signed for a total of 7 rare earth projects successfully.