跳跃机器人研究现状和趋势

跳跃运动其着地点的离散性和发力的突发性和爆发性使跳跃运动模式的仿生机器人具备很强的越障和环境适应能力.本文结合国内外跳跃机器人的研究现状和成果,将跳跃机器人研究分为伸缩式、关节腿式、轮滚式和弹性变形式4类,并分析各类机器人特征.结合本课题组对跳跃机器人的研究,总结了跳跃机器人研究的关键技术,最后展望了未来跳跃机器人研究发展趋势.     

微小型仿生机器人远程监控平台的设计

采用AVR和ARM双核架构实现的微小型仿生机器人远程监控平台,可以使用PC,PDA或者手机等终端通过Internet对微小型仿生机器人进行遥操作和遥监控.该监控平台的开发同时也是对于其他远程监控平台有一定的借鉴意义.     

腿型仿生跳跃机器人运动机理的研究

介绍了腿型仿生跳跃机器人研究的意义,对国内外近三十年来的研究进行了文献综述。主要围绕腿型跳跃机器人运动学和动力学仿生基理,讨论了跑跳动物运动仿生研究的几个主要问题和跳跃机器人的两种研究方法。     

星面探测仿生间歇式跳跃机器人设计及实现

设计了一种面向行星表面探测的小型间歇式仿生跳跃机器人.利用机构学中变胞思想及齿轮-连杆闭链机构的力转换特性,提出了一种杆长可控的非对称齿轮-六杆仿袋鼠跳跃机构,对其间歇式跳跃过程进行了分析,并针对跳跃能力和起跳躯干姿态平稳性进行了机构构型与尺寸优化设计.基于优化设计结果,进行了跳跃机器人运动仿真分析和样机试验.结果表明,该仿生跳跃机器人具有非线性递增的弹跳动力、平稳的起跳姿态以及较高的能量利用效率,可通过太阳能供电、单一微小电机驱动实现间歇式跳跃运动.     

确定跳跃机器人落地姿态的最小能耗方法

本文提出了确定单足跳跃机器人落地姿态的最小能耗方法,该方法对其他动态步行多足机器人的研究也有参考价值.     

仿生水下机器人运动控制方法研究

近年来仿生技术在水下机器人上的应用已经成为水下机器人的重要研究方向之一。仿生水下机器人采用尾鳍提供前进动力和改变航向,比传统的桨舵具有高效性和高机动性。本文根据仿生水下机器人水池试验结果讨论了其运动性能,并在此基础上提出了仿生水下机器人运动控制方法,最后通过仿真试验验证了该方法的可行性。运动控制研究,是仿生水下机器人其它使命的基础,具有重要的意义。     

仿生机器人的研究

对国内外仿生机器人的研究和开发做了全面的综合概括和总结,从运动机理的建模、感知信息的处 理、控制计算的优化、能量代谢的效率和仿生材料的合成,分析了仿生机器人的关键技术问题,阐述了未来仿生机器 人的发展趋势与方向.􀁱 􀁽     

仿生机器人的研究进展

在对仿生机器人进行分类的基础上介绍了一些已经投入应用的或正在研制中的仿生机器人．提出了仿生机器人研究的未来发展方向．     

基于仿生原理的节能减振类人机器人膝关节的设计

通过对人体膝关节结构的研究,设计了一种基于仿生原理的类人机器人膝关节.仿效人体膝关节处的ACL、PCL(前、后十字韧带)及半月板结构,为机器人膝关节设计了节能和减振结构,降低了机器人在迈步期膝关节的峰值驱动力矩,减小了机器人脚着地阶段膝关节受到的冲击,并增加了膝关节的刚度,提高了机器人行走的稳定性.采用NDI公司的Optotrak Certus三维动态测量系统测得人体各关节运动角度与时间的离散点序列,用最小二乘法拟合成机器人行走步态曲线.在ADAMS软件环境下建立虚拟样机模型,对机器人进行了平地行走仿真分析,仿真结果验证了设计的有效性与可行性.     

仿生机器人离我们越来越近

“模仿生物的身体结构和功能,从事生物特点工作的仿生机器人,有望代替传统的工业机器人,成为未来机器人领域的发展方向。”今年8月在沈阳举行的“2004IEEE机器人学与仿生学国际学术会议”上,与会的机器人学专家这样表示。     

Dynamic Modeling and Analysis of the Human Jumping Process

Humanoid robots have recently been the subject of many new and interesting fields both in robotics research and industry. The wide variety of their applications in civic and hostile environments demand developing approperiate theoretical models for analysis. A dynamical model was developed to study the human jumping process, and the effect of factors like joint speeds and hand motion in jumping. An experiment was designed and setup to compare the theoretical model with experimental observations. Time histories of vertical force, mass center velocity and driving torques were also obtained. Using dynamical equations, the effect of joint speeds on the maximum values of these quantities is discussed. It was shown that reducing the joint speeds of a body could lead to an unsuccessful jump in which the body would not enter the flight phase. An increase in speed reduced the take-off time (the time necessary for the body to leave the ground) and increased the body's linear velocity at take-off, as well as the maximum value of driving torques. Effect of hand motion was also investigated through suppressing motion of the shoulder and elbow. It was observed that hand motion had an improving effect on the body's linear velocity. Although speed of joints did not show to have a great influence on most joint torques, those at the shoulder and elbow were observed to be more sensitive to it.     

六足仿生机器人机构与控制系统设计

由于六足仿生机器人的足数较多,控制其稳定行走较为复杂,针对控制六足机器人稳定行走的要求,该六足机器人的腿部是参照蚂蚁的腿部结构进行设计,并对其进行建模分析.整个系统在硬件上选取了Arduino、无线模块、显示模块、舵机控制板等;软件上选用Qt Creator在上位机上编程,用于远程遥控六足机器人及观察其行走状态变化;在步态控制上采用了三角步态控制算法.通过设计机械结构、建模分析以及硬件、软件和算法的结合,实现了六足仿生机器人的稳定行走.     

Development and Control of Underwater Gliding Robots: A Review

As one of the most effective vehicles for ocean development and exploration, underwater gliding robots (UGRs) have the unique characteristics of low energy consumption and strong endurance. Moreover, by borrowing the motion principles of current underwater robots, a variety of novel UGRs have emerged with improving their maneuverability, concealment, and environmental friendliness, which significantly broadens the ocean applications. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of underwater gliding robots, including prototype design and their key technologies. From the perspective of motion characteristics, we categorize the underwater gliding robots in terms of traditional underwater gliders (UGs), hybrid-driven UGs, bio-inspired UGs, thermal UGs, and others. Correspondingly, their buoyancy driven system, dynamic and energy model, and motion control are concluded with detailed analysis. Finally, we have discussed the current critical issues and future development. This review offers valuable insight into the development of next-generation underwater robots well-suited for various oceanic applications, and aims to gain more attention of researchers and engineers to this growing field.      

Design and Control of Autonomous Underwater Robots: A Survey

During the 1990s, numerous worldwide research and development activities have occurred in underwater robotics, especially in the area of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). As the ocean attracts great attention on environmental issues and resources as well as scientific and military tasks, the need for and use of underwater robotic systems has become more apparent. Great efforts have been made in developing AUVs to overcome challenging scientific and engineering problems caused by the unstructured and hazardous ocean environment. In the 1990s, about 30 new AUVs have been built worldwide. With the development of new materials, advanced computing and sensory technology, as well as theoretical advancements, R&D activities in the AUV community have increased. However, this is just the beginning for more advanced, yet practical and reliable AUVs. This paper surveys some key areas in current state-of-the-art underwater robotic technologies. It is by no means a complete survey but provides key references for future development. The new millennium will bring advancements in technology that will enable the development of more practical, reliable AUVs.     

仿鸟类扑翼飞行器研究进展

仿生扑翼飞行器有着优异的气动性能和灵活的飞行能力,在军民领域均有广泛的应用前景,学者们在原理样机研制、扑翼气动机理、驱动机构、飞行控制等多领域取得了一系列重要进展.本文从总体设计方法、驱动机构设计与优化、气动机理等方面综述了仿鸟类扑翼飞行器技术的发展历程与研究进展.首先,从扑翼总体设计方法入手,总结了仿鸟类扑翼飞行器仿生构型,归纳了总体设计参数估算方法;其次,综述了多种构型曲柄连杆机构在扑翼驱动中的应用与优缺点;接着总结了扑翼气动机理研究的实验方法与数值计算方法,分析了不同扑翼气动算法针对不同应用场景在计算成本和准确度方面的优劣情况;最后,对仿鸟类扑翼飞行器系统设计研究现状进行总结,针对原理样机研制过程提出展望.     

A Fuzzy Mechanism for Action Selection of Soccer Robots

A vision-based soccer robot system is proposed, in which vision will identify the position and heading angle of each robot, and the position of the ball. With these imaging data, values for the defense factor, the competition factor, and the angle factor, are obtained. Using the three factors as the input variables of the proposed action selection mechanism, which is expressed in terms of fuzzy rules, the action that each robot should take is then chosen from the five basic actions available for the robots. In this manner, each robot may intercept, shoot, block, sweep the ball, or just stand by. After determining the action of each robot, control commands generated by the host computer are sent to the robot directly through a wireless RS-232. To show the feasibility of the proposed method, experimental results of a robot soccer game will be used for illustration.     

可跳跃式移动机器人机构设计及实现

构建了一个具有跳跃能力的移动式机器人．机器人在较平坦地形下采用轮式移动方式前行;遇到障碍物或沟渠时,可以进行跳跃,从而扩大运动范围．介绍了机器人机械系统的总体结构,给出了机器人的本体结构及起跳姿态,并分析了机器人的运动过程．然后,详细分析了机器人的跳跃机构、跳跃参数调节机构、倾覆翻转机构等关键机构的工作原理,给出了机构设计方案．最后,根据总体设计要求选定了机器人的一些关键参数．     

Advancements in Humanoid Robots: A Comprehensive Review and Future Prospects

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current status, advancements, and future prospects of humanoid robots, highlighting their significance in driving the evolution of next-generation industries. By analyzing various research endeavors and key technologies, encompassing ontology structure, control and decision-making, and perception and interaction, a holistic overview of the current state of humanoid robot research is presented. Furthermore, emerging challenges in the field are identified, emphasizing the necessity for a deeper understanding of biological motion mechanisms, improved structural design, enhanced material applications, advanced drive and control methods, and efficient energy utilization. The integration of bionics, brain-inspired intelligence, mechanics, and control is underscored as a promising direction for the development of advanced humanoid robotic systems. This paper serves as an invaluable resource, offering insightful guidance to researchers in the field, while contributing to the ongoing evolution and potential of humanoid robots across diverse domains.

     

跳跑式微型弹跳机器人的设计与实现

微型弹跳机器人在不规则环境中作业如地震救灾中有着特殊重要作用.设计了一种新颖的跳跑式微型弹跳机器人,提出了一种实用有效的储能-驱动机构.储能-驱动机构以舵机为驱动器,带动不完全齿轮,齿轮拉动钢丝绳作用于弹簧钢片来实现机器人的储能-弹跳.机器人通过电机驱动小车轮实现快速跑动.详细介绍了整个机器人的机械结构设计以及弹跳运动和跑动运动的实现.经测试,该机器人的弹跳运动灵活,与轮式快速跑动结合,提高了适应环境的能力和运动效率.该机器人结构简单、易于控制、稳定可靠,具有良好的应用前景.     

小型自动皮带纠偏机构设计

在皮带的边缘安装光电传感器来监控皮带的跑偏,一旦发现皮带跑偏发出报警,提醒操作人员及时停机进行调整.将原来的手动调节机构改为电动调节机构,提升了调节的精确性及方便性.